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Stunda-Zujeva A, Berele M, Lece A, Šķesters A. Comparison of antioxidant activity in various spirulina containing products and factors affecting it. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4529. [PMID: 36941370 PMCID: PMC10027845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a popular food supplement known for its high antioxidant activity. Several studies have shown that antioxidant activity fluctuates depending on the combination of ingredients in the food. Fresh spirulina is a growing market trend; however, pure spirulina short shelf life is a strong limitation. This study aims to investigate antioxidant activity of various novel commercial fresh spirulina-containing products and the factors affecting it. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of each ingredient and binary combinations of spirulina and apple juices, Japanese quince syrup, or cranberry syrup were measured. Synergic, antagonistic, and additive interactions between samples were determined and expressed using the synergy coefficient. FRAP assay showed apparent synergism of spirulina and all the studied ingredients whereas ABTS and Folin-Ciocalteu methods revealed an antagonistic interaction between spirulina and apple juice. Despite the antagonistic interactions, all the products demonstrated at least the same antioxidant activity as pure fresh spirulina and had longer shelf life than, pointing to their commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Stunda-Zujeva
- Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Megija Berele
- Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Anna Lece
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Šķesters
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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2
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Muñoz-Miranda LA, Iñiguez-Moreno M. An extensive review of marine pigments: sources, biotechnological applications, and sustainability. AQUATIC SCIENCES 2023; 85:68. [PMID: 37096011 PMCID: PMC10112328 DOI: 10.1007/s00027-023-00966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for food and healthcare products based on natural compounds means that the industrial and scientific sectors are on a continuous search for natural colored compounds that can contribute to the replacement of synthetic colors. Natural pigments are a heterogeneous group of chemical molecules, widely distributed in nature. Recently, the interest in marine organisms has increased as they represent the most varied environment in the world and provide a wide range of colored compounds with bioactive properties and biotechnological applications in areas such as the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries. The use of marine-derived pigments has increased during the last two decades because they are environmentally safe and healthy compounds. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of sources, applications, and sustainability of the most important marine pigments. In addition, alternatives to protect these compounds from environmental conditions and their applications in the industrial sector are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alfonso Muñoz-Miranda
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco Mexico
| | - Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849 Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849 Mexico
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Nayarit, Tepic, 63506 Nayarit Mexico
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3
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Al Naim HM, El Semary N. Laser Treatment Increases the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cyanobacterial Extracts against Staphylococcusaureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13305. [PMID: 36293886 PMCID: PMC9603216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. A novel approach needs to be followed to combat these pathogens in an ecofriendly manner. Cyanobacterial extracts were previously proven to be affective as antimicrobial agents. To capitalize on this, laser treatments were used to increase their antimicrobial efficacy. Two cyanobacterial strains isolated from Al-Ahsa were identified using molecular methods. Their aqueous extracts were used in the antimicrobial bioassay for these two bacterial pathogens. The first group of aqueous extracts were exposed directly to laser treatment and used in antibacterial bioassay. In parallel, the cyanobacterial biomass of the two isolates was exposed to the laser, then aqueous extracts were prepared. The third group of extracts were not exposed to the laser and were used as a control. Time and distance were the factors tested as they affected the dose of the laser, both individually and in combination. In addition, accessory pigment estimation in extracts before and after laser exposure of extracts was also determined. The two cyanobacterial strains were identified as Thermoleptolyngbya sp. and Leptolyngbya sp. and the molecular analysis also confirmed the identity of pathogenic bacteria. The untreated cyanobacterial aqueous extracts had little effect against the two bacterial strains. In contrast, the extract directly exposed to the laser was significantly more effective, with an inhibition zone of 22.0 mm in the case of a time of 32 min and distance of 10 cm against S. aureus. Accessory pigment composition increased in extracts directly exposed to the laser. This is the first case report on the effect of lasers on enhancing the antimicrobial profile of cyanobacterial extracts against SA and MRSA bacterial pathogens, as well as enhancing accessory pigment content. The laser dose that was most effective was that of 32 min time and 10 cm distance of Thermoleptolyngbya sp. extract directly exposed to the laser, which highlights the importance of time for increasing the laser dose and consequently increasing its antimicrobial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa M. Al Naim
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermin El Semary
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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4
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Prospects of cyanobacterial pigment production: biotechnological potential and optimization strategies. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Akhtar P, Biswas A, Balog-Vig F, Domonkos I, Kovács L, Lambrev PH. Trimeric photosystem I facilitates energy transfer from phycobilisomes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:827-838. [PMID: 35302607 PMCID: PMC9157137 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, phycobilisomes (PBS) serve as peripheral light-harvesting complexes of the two photosystems, extending their antenna size and the wavelength range of photons available for photosynthesis. The abundance of PBS, the number of phycobiliproteins they contain, and their light-harvesting function are dynamically adjusted in response to the physiological conditions. PBS are also thought to be involved in state transitions that maintain the excitation balance between the two photosystems. Unlike its eukaryotic counterpart, PSI is trimeric in many cyanobacterial species and the physiological significance of this is not well understood. Here, we compared the composition and light-harvesting function of PBS in cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which has primarily trimeric PSI, and the ΔpsaL mutant, which lacks the PsaL subunit of PSI and is unable to form trimers. We also investigated a mutant additionally lacking the PsaJ and PsaF subunits of PSI. Both strains with monomeric PSI accumulated significantly more allophycocyanin per chlorophyll, indicating higher abundance of PBS. On the other hand, a higher phycocyanin:allophycocyanin ratio in the wild type suggests larger PBS or the presence of APC-less PBS (CpcL-type) that are not assembled in cells with monomeric PSI. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature and 77 K revealed that PSII receives more energy from the PBS at the expense of PSI in cells with monomeric PSI, regardless of the presence of PsaF. Taken together, these results show that the oligomeric state of PSI impacts the excitation energy flow in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Fanny Balog-Vig
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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6
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Puzorjov A, Mert Unal S, Wear MA, McCormick AJ. Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126459. [PMID: 34863843 PMCID: PMC8811538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble blue pigment-protein primarily harvested from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. PC is in high demand from several industries, but its narrow stability range limits potential applications. Here, a pilot scale (120 L total) batch production, extraction and purification process for thermostable PC (Te-PC) from a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 'Olive' strain expressing the PC operon cpcBACD from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 on a self-replicating vector is presented. Batch cultivation without antibiotics had no impact on growth or Te-PC production and optimisation of growth conditions resulted in Te-PC contents of 75.3 ± 1.7 mg g DW-1. Wet biomass was harvested following chitosan-based flocculation with a 97 ± 2% efficiency, and Te-PC was extracted by high pressure homogenisation. Subsequent purification by heat-treatment and two-step ammonium sulfate precipitation removed chlorophyll and allophycocyanin contamination, resulting in Te-PC purities of 2.9 ± 0.7 and a mean Te-PC recovery of 84 ± 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Suleyman Mert Unal
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Martin A Wear
- The Edinburgh Protein Purification Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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7
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Li X, Liang Y, Li K, Jin P, Tang J, Klepacz-Smółka A, Ledakowicz S, Daroch M. Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102101. [PMID: 34685910 PMCID: PMC8537721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both low temperature and nitrogen starvation caused chlorosis of cyanobacteria. Here, in this study, for the first time, we compared the effects of low temperature, nitrogen starvation, and their combination on the photosynthesis and metabolites of a thermophilic cyanobacterium strain, Thermosynechococcus E542. Under various culture conditions, the growth rates, pigment contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored, and the composition of alkanes, lipidomes, and carbohydrates were determined. It was found that low temperature (35 °C) significantly suppressed the growth of Thermosynechococcus E542. Nitrogen starvation at 45 °C and 55 °C did not affect the growth; however, combined treatment of low temperature and nitrogen starvation led to the lowest growth rate and biomass productivity. Both low temperature and nitrogen starvation caused significantly declined contents of pigments, but they resulted in a different effect on the OJIP curves, and their combination led to the lowest pigment contents. The composition of fatty acids and alkanes was altered upon low-temperature cultivation, while nitrogen starvation caused reduced contents of all lipids. The low temperature did not affect carbohydrate contents, while nitrogen starvation greatly enhanced carbohydrate content, and their combination did not enhance carbohydrate content, but led to reduced productivity. These results revealed the influence of low temperature, nitrogen starvation, and their combined treatment for the accumulation of phycobiliproteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of a thermophilic cyanobacterium strain, Thermosynechococcus E542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (P.J.)
- Department School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (P.J.)
| | - Kai Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (P.J.)
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (P.J.)
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Anna Klepacz-Smółka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (S.L.)
| | - Stanislaw Ledakowicz
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (S.L.)
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-26032184
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8
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Puzorjov A, Dunn KE, McCormick AJ. Production of thermostable phycocyanin in a mesophilic cyanobacterium. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00175. [PMID: 34168957 PMCID: PMC8209669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble phycobiliprotein found within the light-harvesting phycobilisome complex of cyanobacteria and red algae, and is considered a high-value product due to its brilliant blue colour and fluorescent properties. However, commercially available PC has a relatively low temperature stability. Thermophilic species produce more thermostable variants of PC, but are challenging and energetically expensive to cultivate. Here, we show that the PC operon from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 (cpcBACD) is functional in the mesophile Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Expression of cpcBACD in an 'Olive' mutant strain of Synechocystis lacking endogenous PC resulted in high yields of thermostable PC (112 ± 1 mg g-1 DW) comparable to that of endogenous PC in wild-type cells. Heterologous PC also improved the growth of the Olive mutant, which was further supported by evidence of a functional interaction with the endogenous allophycocyanin core of the phycobilisome complex. The thermostability properties of the heterologous PC were comparable to those of PC from T. elongatus, and could be purified from the Olive mutant using a low-cost heat treatment method. Finally, we developed a scalable model to calculate the energetic benefits of producing PC from T. elongatus in Synechocystis cultures. Our model showed that the higher yields and lower cultivation temperatures of Synechocystis resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in energy efficiency compared to T. elongatus, indicating that producing thermostable PC in non-native hosts is a cost-effective strategy for scaling to commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Katherine E Dunn
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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9
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Polerecky L, Masuda T, Eichner M, Rabouille S, Vancová M, Kienhuis MVM, Bernát G, Bonomi-Barufi J, Campbell DA, Claquin P, Červený J, Giordano M, Kotabová E, Kromkamp J, Lombardi AT, Lukeš M, Prášil O, Stephan S, Suggett D, Zavřel T, Halsey KH. Temporal Patterns and Intra- and Inter-Cellular Variability in Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation by the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620915. [PMID: 33613489 PMCID: PMC7890256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN) are abundant members of phytoplankton communities in a wide range of marine environments, including those with rapidly changing nitrogen (N) concentrations. We hypothesized that differences in N availability (N2 vs. combined N) would cause UCYN to shift strategies of intracellular N and C allocation. We used transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging to track assimilation and intracellular allocation of 13C-labeled CO2 and 15N-labeled N2 or NO3 at different periods across a diel cycle in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. We present new ideas on interpreting these imaging data, including the influences of pre-incubation cellular C and N contents and turnover rates of inclusion bodies. Within cultures growing diazotrophically, distinct subpopulations were detected that fixed N2 at night or in the morning. Additional significant within-population heterogeneity was likely caused by differences in the relative amounts of N assimilated into cyanophycin from sources external and internal to the cells. Whether growing on N2 or NO3, cells prioritized cyanophycin synthesis when N assimilation rates were highest. N assimilation in cells growing on NO3 switched from cyanophycin synthesis to protein synthesis, suggesting that once a cyanophycin quota is met, it is bypassed in favor of protein synthesis. Growth on NO3 also revealed that at night, there is a very low level of CO2 assimilation into polysaccharides simultaneous with their catabolism for protein synthesis. This study revealed multiple, detailed mechanisms underlying C and N management in Cyanothece that facilitate its success in dynamic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Meri Eichner
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Gabor Bernát
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Jose Bonomi-Barufi
- Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus de Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Pascal Claquin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, FRE 2030, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, Esplanade de la Paix, France
| | - Jan Červený
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Marine Biology Institute, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Jacco Kromkamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Lukeš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Department Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Suggett
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tomas Zavřel
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kimberly H. Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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10
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Cyanobacteria as Nanogold Factories II: Chemical Reactivity and anti-Myocardial Infraction Properties of Customized Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Cyanothece sp. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070402. [PMID: 31288394 PMCID: PMC6669522 DOI: 10.3390/md17070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanothece sp., a coccoid, unicellular, nitrogen-fixing and hydrogen-producing cyanobacterium, has been used in this study to biosynthesize customized gold nanoparticles under certain chemical conditions. The produced gold nanoparticles had a characteristic absorption band at 525–535 nm. Two types of gold nanoparticle, the purple and blue, were formed according to the chemical environment in which the cyanobacterium was grown. Dynamic light scattering was implemented to estimate the size of the purple and blue nanoparticles, which ranged from 80 ± 30 nm and 129 ± 40 nm in diameter, respectively. The highest scattering of laser light was recorded for the blue gold nanoparticles, which was possibly due to their larger size and higher concentration. The appearance of anodic and cathodic peaks in cyclic voltammetric scans of the blue gold nanoparticles reflected the oxidation into gold oxide, followed by the subsequent reduction into the nano metal state. The two produced forms of gold nanoparticles were used to treat isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental rats. Both forms of nanoparticles ameliorated myocardial infarction injury, with a slight difference in their curative activity with the purple being more effective. Mechanisms that might explain the curative effect of these nanoparticles on the myocardial infarction were proposed. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of the Cyanothece sp. cyanobacterium were fundamental for the successful production of “tailored” nanoparticles, and complemented the chemical conditions for the differential biosynthesis process. The present research represents a novel approach to manipulate cyanobacterial cells towards the production of different-sized gold nanoparticles whose curative impacts vary accordingly. This is the first report on that type of manipulated gold nanoparticles biosynthesis which will hopefully open doors for further investigations and biotechnological applications.
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11
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Zavřel T, Faizi M, Loureiro C, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Sinetova M, Zorina A, Steuer R, Červený J. Quantitative insights into the cyanobacterial cell economy. eLife 2019; 8:42508. [PMID: 30714903 PMCID: PMC6391073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms are promising resources for green biotechnology. Compared to heterotrophic microorganisms, however, the cellular economy of phototrophic growth is still insufficiently understood. We provide a quantitative analysis of light-limited, light-saturated, and light-inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using a reproducible cultivation setup. We report key physiological parameters, including growth rate, cell size, and photosynthetic activity over a wide range of light intensities. Intracellular proteins were quantified to monitor proteome allocation as a function of growth rate. Among other physiological acclimations, we identify an upregulation of the translational machinery and downregulation of light harvesting components with increasing light intensity and growth rate. The resulting growth laws are discussed in the context of a coarse-grained model of phototrophic growth and available data obtained by a comprehensive literature search. Our insights into quantitative aspects of cyanobacterial acclimations to different growth rates have implications to understand and optimize photosynthetic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Laboratory of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marjan Faizi
- Institut für Biologie, Fachinstitut für Theoretische BiologieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Cristina Loureiro
- Department of Applied PhysicsPolytechnic University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria Sinetova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Anna Zorina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ralf Steuer
- Institut für Biologie, Fachinstitut für Theoretische BiologieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Červený
- Laboratory of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
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