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Oguntoye IO, Simone BK, Padmanabha S, Hartfield GZ, Amrollahi P, Hu TY, Ollanik AJ, Escarra MD. Silicon Nanodisk Huygens Metasurfaces for Portable and Low-Cost Refractive Index and Biomarker Sensing. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3983-3991. [PMID: 35372799 PMCID: PMC8961735 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection and bulk refractive index sensing are important across multiple industries ranging from early medical diagnosis to chemical process quality control. The bulky size, high cost, and complex architecture of existing refractive index and biomarker sensing technologies limit their use to highly skilled environments like hospitals, large food processing plants, and research labs. Here, we demonstrate a compact and inexpensive refractive index sensor based on resonant dielectric photonic nanoantenna arrays or metasurfaces. These dielectric resonances support Mie dipole and asymmetric resonances that shift with changes in their external environment. A single-wavelength transmission measurement in a portable (<250 in.3), low-cost (<$4000) sensor shows sensitivity to 1.9 × 10-6 change in the fluid refractive index without the use of a spectrometer or other complex optics. Our sensor assembly allows for measurements using multiple metasurfaces with identical resonances or varying resonance types for enhanced diagnostics on the same chip. Furthermore, a 10 kDa culture filtrate peptide CFP-10, a marker for human tuberculosis, is detected with our sensor with 10 pM resolution. This system has the potential to enable facile, fast, and highly sensitive measurements with adequate limits of detection for personalized biomedical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O. Oguntoye
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brittany K. Simone
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Siddharth Padmanabha
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - George Z. Hartfield
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Pouya Amrollahi
- Center
of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center
of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Adam J. Ollanik
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew D. Escarra
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Amrollahi P, Zheng W, Monk C, Li CZ, Hu TY. Nanoplasmonic Sensor Approaches for Sensitive Detection of Disease-Associated Exosomes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6589-6603. [PMID: 35006963 PMCID: PMC9130051 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are abundantly secreted by most cells that carry membrane and cytosolic factors that can reflect the physiologic state of their source cells and thus have strong potential to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring. However, traditional diagnostic or prognostic applications that might use exosomes are hindered by the lack of rapid and sensitive assays that can exploit their biological information. An array of assay approaches have been developed to address this deficit, including those that integrate immunoassays with nanoplasmonic sensors to measure changes in optical refractive indexes in response to the binding of low concentrations of their targeted molecules. These sensors take advantage of enhanced and tunable interactions between the electron clouds of nanoplasmonic particles and structures and incident electromagnetic radiation to enable isolation-free and ultrasensitive quantification of disease-associated exosome biomarkers present in complex biological samples. These unique advantages make nanoplasmonic sensing one of the most competitive approaches available for clinical applications and point-of-care tests that evaluate exosome-based biomarkers. This review will briefly summarize the origin and clinical utility of exosomes and the limitations of current isolation and analysis approaches before reviewing the specific advantages and limitations of nanoplasmonic sensing devices and indicating what additional developments are necessary to allow the translation of these approaches into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amrollahi
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Chandler Monk
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tony Ye Hu
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Amrollahi P, Rodrigues M, Lyon CJ, Goel A, Han H, Hu TY. Ultra-Sensitive Automated Profiling of EpCAM Expression on Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Genet 2019; 10:1273. [PMID: 31921310 PMCID: PMC6928048 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are abundant in most biological fluids and considered promising biomarker candidates, but the development of EV biomarker assays is hindered, in part, by their requirement for prior EV purification and the lack of standardized and reproducible EV isolation methods. We now describe a far-field nanoplasmon-enhanced scattering (FF-nPES) assay for the isolation-free characterization of EVs present in small volumes of serum (< 5 µl). In this approach, EVs are captured with a cancer-selective antibody, hybridized with gold nanorods conjugated with an antibody to the EV surface protein CD9, and quantified by their ability to scatter light when analyzed using a fully automated dark-field microscope system. Our results indicate that FF-nPES performs similarly to EV ELISA, when analyzing EV surface expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which has clinical significant as a cancer biomarker. Proof-of-concept FF-nPES data indicate that it can directly analyze EV EpCAM expression from serum samples to distinguish early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients from healthy subjects, detect the development of early stage tumors in a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic cancer, and monitor tumor growth in patient derived xenograft mouse models of pancreatic cancer. FF-nPES thus appears to exhibit strong potential for the direct analysis of EV membrane biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amrollahi
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Meryl Rodrigues
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ajay Goel
- Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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