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Recent advances in the development of transplanted colorectal cancer mouse models. Transl Res 2022; 249:128-143. [PMID: 35850446 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death in 2020. To evaluate various characteristics of human CRC, a variety of mouse models have been established. Transplant mouse models have distinct advantages in studying the clinical behavior and therapeutic progress of CRC. Host, xenograft, and transplantation routes are the basis of transplant mouse models. As the effects of the tumor microenvironment and the systemic environment on cancer cells are gradually revealed, 3 key elements of transplanted CRC mouse models have been revolutionized. This has led to the development of humanized mice, patient-derived xenografts, and orthotopic transplants that reflect the human systemic environment, patient's tumor of origin, and tumor growth microenvironments in immunodeficient mice, respectively. These milestone events have allowed for great progress in tumor biology and the treatment of CRC. This article reviews the evolution of these events and points out their strengths and weaknesses as innovative and useful preclinical tools to study CRC progression and metastasis and to exploit novel treatment schedules by establishing a testing platform. This review article depicts the optimal transplanted CRC mouse models and emphasizes the significance of surgical models in the study of CRC behavior and treatment response.
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Pang TCY, Xu Z, Mekapogu AR, Pothula S, Becker T, Corley S, Wilkins MR, Goldstein D, Pirola R, Wilson J, Apte M. HGF/c-Met Inhibition as Adjuvant Therapy Improves Outcomes in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2763. [PMID: 34199452 PMCID: PMC8199621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway, a major mediator of pancreatic stellate cell (PSC)-PC cell interactions, retards local and distant cancer progression. This study examines the use of this treatment in preventing PC progression after resection. We further investigate the postulated existence of circulating PSCs (cPSCs) as a mediator of metastatic PC. METHODS Two orthotopic PC mouse models, produced by implantation of a mixture of luciferase-tagged human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1), and human PSCs were used. Model 1 mice underwent distal pancreatectomy 3-weeks post-implantation (n = 62). One-week post-resection, mice were randomised to four treatments of 8 weeks: (i) IgG, (ii) gemcitabine (G), (iii) HGF/c-MET inhibition (HiCi) and (iv) HiCi + G. Tumour burden was assessed longitudinally by bioluminescence. Circulating tumour cells and cPSCs were enriched by filtration. Tumours of Model 2 mice progressed for 8 weeks prior to the collection of primary tumour, metastases and blood for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS HiCi treatments: (1) reduced both the risk and rate of disease progression after resection; (2) demonstrated an anti-angiogenic effect on immunohistochemistry; (3) reduced cPSC counts. cPSCs were identified using immunocytochemistry (α-smooth muscle actin+, pan-cytokeratin-, CD45-), and by specific PSC markers. scRNA-seq confirmed the existence of cPSCs and identified potential genes associated with development into cPSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of adjuvant HGF/c-Met inhibition for PC and provides the first confirmation of the existence of circulating PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony C. Y. Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
- Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Srinivasa Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Therese Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Susan Corley
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.C.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.C.); (M.R.W.)
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Romano Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
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