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Perera CJ, Hosen SZ, Khan T, Fang H, Mekapogu AR, Xu Z, Falasca M, Chari ST, Wilson JS, Pirola R, Greening DW, Apte MV. Proteomic profiling of small extracellular vesicles derived from mouse pancreatic cancer and stellate cells: Role in pancreatic cancer. Proteomics 2024:e2300067. [PMID: 38570832 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived vesicles evolving as important elements involved in all stages of cancers. sEVs bear unique protein signatures that may serve as biomarkers. Pancreatic cancer (PC) records a very poor survival rate owing to its late diagnosis and several cancer cell-derived proteins have been reported as candidate biomarkers. However, given the pivotal role played by stellate cells (PSCs, which produce the collagenous stroma in PC), it is essential to also assess PSC-sEV cargo in biomarker discovery. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and characterise sEVs from mouse PC cells and PSCs cultured alone or as co-cultures and performed proteomic profiling and pathway analysis. Proteomics confirmed the enrichment of specific markers in the sEVs compared to their cells of origin as well as the proteins that are known to express in each of the culture types. Most importantly, for the first time it was revealed that PSC-sEVs are enriched in proteins (including G6PI, PGAM1, ENO1, ENO3, and LDHA) that mediate pathways related to development of diabetes, such as glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis revealing a potential role of PSCs in pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD). PCRD is now considered a harbinger of PC and further research will enable to identify the role of these components in PCRD and may develop as novel candidate biomarkers of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Sm Zahid Hosen
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanzila Khan
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, M. D Anderson Cancer Centre, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Ron Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Mekapogu AR, Xu Z, Pothula S, Perera C, Pang T, Hosen SMZ, Damalanka V, Janetka J, Goldstein D, Pirola R, Wilson J, Apte M. HGF/c-Met pathway inhibition combined with chemotherapy increases cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and inhibits pancreatic tumour growth and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2023:216286. [PMID: 37354984 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly cancer with a high mortality rate. The unique characteristics of PC, including desmoplasia and immunosuppression, have made it difficult to develop effective treatment strategies. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in the progression of the disease by interacting with cancer cells. One of the key mediators of PSC - cancer cell interactions is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. Using an immunocompetent in vivo model of PC as well as in vitro experiments, this study has shown that a combined approach using HGF/c-MET inhibitors to target stromal-tumour interactions and chemotherapy (gemcitabine) to target cancer cells effectively decreases tumour volume, EMT, and stemness, and importantly, eliminates metastasis. Notably, HGF/c-MET inhibition decreases TGF-β secretion by cancer cells, resulting in an increase in cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, thus contributing to cancer cell death in tumours. HGF/c-MET inhibition + chemotherapy was also found to normalise the gut microbiome and improve gut microbial diversity. These findings provide a strong platform for assessment of this triple therapy (HGF/c-MET inhibition + chemotherapy) approach in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Srinivasa Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; AbCellera, Beaconsfield, New South Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Chamini Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S M Zahid Hosen
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vishnu Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - James Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Romano Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
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Hosen SMZ, Uddin MN, Xu Z, Buckley BJ, Perera C, Pang TCY, Mekapogu AR, Moni MA, Notta F, Gallinger S, Pirola R, Wilson J, Ranson M, Goldstein D, Apte M. Metastatic phenotype and immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Key role of the urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1060957. [PMID: 36591282 PMCID: PMC9794594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed the role of dysregulated urokinase plasminogen activator (encoded by PLAU) expression and activity in several pathways associated with cancer progression. However, systematic investigation into the association of PLAU expression with factors that modulate PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) progression is lacking, such as those affecting stromal (pancreatic stellate cell, PSC)-cancer cell interactions, tumour immunity, PDAC subtypes and clinical outcomes from potential PLAU inhibition. Methods This study used an integrated bioinformatics approach to identify prognostic markers correlated with PLAU expression using different transcriptomics, proteomics, and clinical data sets. We then determined the association of dysregulated PLAU and correlated signatures with oncogenic pathways, metastatic phenotypes, stroma, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcome. Finally, using an in vivo orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer, we confirmed the predicted effect of inhibiting PLAU on tumour growth and metastasis. Results Our analyses revealed that PLAU upregulation is not only associated with numerous other prognostic markers but also associated with the activation of various oncogenic signalling pathways, aggressive phenotypes relevant to PDAC growth and metastasis, such as proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, hypoxia, extracellular cell matrix (ECM) degradation, upregulation of stromal signatures, and immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Moreover, the upregulation of PLAU was directly connected with signalling pathways known to mediate PSC-cancer cell interactions. Furthermore, PLAU upregulation was associated with the aggressive basal/squamous phenotype of PDAC and significantly reduced overall survival, indicating that this subset of patients may benefit from therapeutic interventions to inhibit PLAU activity. Our studies with a clinically relevant orthotopic pancreatic model showed that even short-term PLAU inhibition is sufficient to significantly halt tumour growth and, importantly, eliminate visible metastasis. Conclusion Elevated PLAU correlates with increased aggressive phenotypes, stromal score, and immune suppression in PDAC. PLAU upregulation is also closely associated with the basal subtype type of PDAC; patients with this subtype are at high risk of mortality from the disease and may benefit from therapeutic targeting of PLAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Zahid Hosen
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Buckley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chamini Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony C. Y. Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, SWS Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Minoti Apte,
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Pang TCY, Xu Z, Mekapogu AR, Pothula S, Becker T, Corley S, Wilkins MR, Goldstein D, Pirola R, Wilson J, Apte M. HGF/c-Met Inhibition as Adjuvant Therapy Improves Outcomes in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2763. [PMID: 34199452 PMCID: PMC8199621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway, a major mediator of pancreatic stellate cell (PSC)-PC cell interactions, retards local and distant cancer progression. This study examines the use of this treatment in preventing PC progression after resection. We further investigate the postulated existence of circulating PSCs (cPSCs) as a mediator of metastatic PC. METHODS Two orthotopic PC mouse models, produced by implantation of a mixture of luciferase-tagged human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1), and human PSCs were used. Model 1 mice underwent distal pancreatectomy 3-weeks post-implantation (n = 62). One-week post-resection, mice were randomised to four treatments of 8 weeks: (i) IgG, (ii) gemcitabine (G), (iii) HGF/c-MET inhibition (HiCi) and (iv) HiCi + G. Tumour burden was assessed longitudinally by bioluminescence. Circulating tumour cells and cPSCs were enriched by filtration. Tumours of Model 2 mice progressed for 8 weeks prior to the collection of primary tumour, metastases and blood for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS HiCi treatments: (1) reduced both the risk and rate of disease progression after resection; (2) demonstrated an anti-angiogenic effect on immunohistochemistry; (3) reduced cPSC counts. cPSCs were identified using immunocytochemistry (α-smooth muscle actin+, pan-cytokeratin-, CD45-), and by specific PSC markers. scRNA-seq confirmed the existence of cPSCs and identified potential genes associated with development into cPSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of adjuvant HGF/c-Met inhibition for PC and provides the first confirmation of the existence of circulating PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony C. Y. Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
- Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Srinivasa Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Therese Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Susan Corley
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.C.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.C.); (M.R.W.)
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Romano Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.Y.P.); (Z.X.); (A.R.M.); (S.P.); (D.G.); (R.P.); (J.W.)
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Pang TCY, Xu Z, Mekapogu AR, Pothula S, Becker TM, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33044459 DOI: 10.3791/61726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of satisfactory animal models to study adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy in patients being considered for surgery of pancreatic cancer (PC). To address this deficiency, we describe a mouse model involving orthotopic implantation of PC followed by distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The model has been demonstrated to be safe and suitably flexible for the study of various therapeutic approaches in adjuvant and neo adjuvant settings. In this model, a pancreatic tumor is first generated by implanting a mixture of human pancreatic cancer cells (luciferase-tagged AsPC-1) and human cancer associated pancreatic stellate cells into the distal pancreas of Balb/c athymic nude mice. After three weeks, the cancer is resected by re-laparotomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. In this model, bioluminescence imaging can be used to follow the progress of cancer development and effects of resection/treatments. Following resection, adjuvant therapy can be given. Alternatively, neoadjuvant treatment can be given prior to resection. Representative data from 45 mice are presented. All mice underwent successful distal pancreatectomy/splenectomy with no issues of hemostasis. A macroscopic proximal pancreatic margin greater than 5 mm was achieved in 43 (96%) mice. The technical success rate of pancreatic resection was 100%, with 0% early mortality and morbidity. None of the animals died during the week after resection. In summary, we describe a robust and reproducible technique for a surgical resection model of pancreatic cancer in mice which mimics the clinical scenario. The model may be useful for the testing of both adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony C Y Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research; Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney;
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - Srinivasa Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - Therese M Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research;
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Xu Z, Pang TCY, Liu AC, Pothula SP, Mekapogu AR, Perera CJ, Murakami T, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in advanced pancreatic cancer: a key element of treatment that limits primary tumour growth and eliminates metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1486-1495. [PMID: 32203220 PMCID: PMC7217847 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stromal–tumour interactions facilitate pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway is upregulated in PC and mediates the interaction between cancer cells and stromal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study assessed the effect of HGF/c-MET inhibition plus gemcitabine (G) on the progression of advanced PC. Methods Orthotopic PC was produced by implantation of luciferase-tagged human cancer cells + human PSCs into mouse pancreas. Tumours were allowed to develop without treatment for 4 weeks. Mice were then treated for 6 weeks with one of the following: IgG, G, HGF inhibitor (Hi), c-MET inhibitor (Ci), Hi + Ci, Hi + G, Ci + G, or Hi + Ci + G. Results Bioluminescence imaging showed similar tumour sizes in all mice at the initiation of treatments. Triple therapy (Hi + Ci + G): (1) completely eliminated metastasis; (2) significantly reduced tumour size as assessed by bioluminescence and at necropsy; (3) significantly reduced proliferating cancer cell density and stem cell marker DCLK1 expression in tumours. In vitro 3D culture studies supported our in vivo findings. Conclusion Even at an advanced disease stage, a two-pronged approach, targeting (a) HGF/c-MET with relevant inhibitors and (b) cancer cells with chemotherapy, completely eliminated metastasis and significantly decreased tumour growth, suggesting that this is a promising treatment approach for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony C Y Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adele C Liu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Pothireddy S, Kaliki A, Mekapogu AR, Yegireddy M, Pagadala EP, Prasad TNVKV. Evaluation of the wound healing efficacy of chemical and phytogenic silver nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:340-348. [PMID: 27676384 PMCID: PMC8676408 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires a series of cellular events and a cascade of co-ordinated and systemic biochemical events. Silver nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for wound management including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and pro-healing properties. In this study, the authors investigated the wound healing properties of Cinnamomum verum extract mediated nanosilver (CENS) particles in comparison with 1% povidone iodine, citrate mediate NS and CE treatments. The topical application of CENS showed good antibacterial activity and accelerated wound healing with complete epithelialisation and normal re-growth of hair in all three models of study: namely, excision, incision and dead space models in rats compared with all other treatments. CENS was also found to promote collagen synthesis, stabilise wound besides countering oxidative stress and stimulating cellular proliferation CENS could be a novel therapeutic agent for wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevani Pothireddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Adilaxmamma Kaliki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur 516360, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Muralidhar Yegireddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur 516360, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Eswara Prasad Pagadala
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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