Biological evaluation of isoniazid derivatives as an anticancer class

Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Hydrazones Based on N-Aminomorpholine

The data on the synthesis of N-aminomorpholine hydrazones are presented. It is shown that the interaction of N-aminomorpholine with functionally substituted benzaldehydes and 4-pyridinaldehyde in isopropyl alcohol leads to the formation of corresponding hydrazones. The structure of the synthesized compounds was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods, including the COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C) and HMBC (1H-13C) methodologies. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integral intensity of 1H and 13C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. The COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C), and HMBC (1H-13C) results revealed homo- and heteronuclear interactions, confirming the structure of the studied compounds. The antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity of some synthesized hydrazones were investigated. It is shown that 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid has a pronounced viral inhibitory property, comparable in its activity to commercial drugs Tamiflu and Remantadine. A docking study was performed using the influenza virus protein models (1930 Swine H1 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of 1918 H1N1 strain). The potential binding sites that are complementary with 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid were found.

Synthesis of indole-functionalized isoniazid conjugates with potent antimycobacterial and antioxidant efficacy

Aim: Developing potent medicinal alternates for tuberculosis (TB) is highly desirable due to the advent of drug-resistant lethal TB strains.Methods & results: Novel indole-isoniazid integrates have been synthesized with promising antimycobacterial action against the H37Rv strain, and the nitro analogs 4e and 4j show the highest efficacy with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 μg/ml. The molecular docking studies against InhA support the experimental findings. Indole conjugates display remarkable radical quenching efficiency, and compounds 4e and 4j demonstrate maximum IC50 values of 50.19 and 52.45 μg/ml, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis anticipated appreciable druggability for the title compounds.Conclusion: The notable bioaction of the indole-isoniazid templates projects them as potential lead in developing anti-TB medications with synergetic antioxidant action.

Glycerol based carbon sulfonic acid catalyzed synthesis, in silico studies and in vitro biological evaluation of isonicotinohydrazide derivatives as potent antimicrobial and anti-tubercular agents

The present pathway involves synthesis of isonicotinohydrazide derivatives using isoniazid and diversely substituted aldehydes in the presence of EtOH and catalytic amount of glycerol based carbon sulfonic acid catalyst. The developed pathway has so many merits like excellent yields (91-98%), short reaction time (4-10 min), easy reaction set up, no need of column chromatography, large substrate scope, easily recyclable and reusable catalyst. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial and anti-tubercular activity and it was observed that compounds possessed high biological potency against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. Regarding anti-tubercular activity, compound 3m exhibited high % inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇RV strain. Based on the outcome of in vitro studies, all the synthesized compounds were docked against E. coli (1KZN), C. albicans (1IYL), and M. tuberculosis H ₃₇ Rv strain (2NSD). The synthesized derivatives were docked within the binding site of 1KZN, and 1IYL. However, with 2NSD, apart from 3h, all the derivatives displayed interaction within the binding cavity of the protein. All the crucial interactions with Asn46, Asp73, and Arg136 in 1KZN, His227, Leu451 in 1IYL, and Tyr158 in 2NSD were witnessed in the top-scored docked candidates. Molecular docking studies revealed the importance of the substitution at R position on isonicotinohydrazide scaffold. The nitrogen atoms of hydrazide moiety were involved in forming hydrogen bonding with the active site amino acids, and the substitution at the R position occupy the hydrophobic position in the binding pocket. Also, the functional groups present on the substituted R position were involved in forming hydrogen bonding with the crucial active site residues.

Phenylisoxazole-3/5-Carbaldehyde Isonicotinylhydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitubercular Activity

Eight new phenylisoxazole isoniazid derivatives, 3-(2′-fluorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (1), 3-(2′-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (2), 3-(2′-chlorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (3), 3-(3′-clorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (4), 3-(4′-bromophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (5), 5-(4′-methoxiphenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (6), 5-(4′-methylphenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (7), and 5-(4′-clorophenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (8), have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. The 2D NMR (1H-1H NOESY) analysis of 1 and 2 confirmed that these compounds in acetone-d6 are in the trans(E) isomeric form. This evidence is supported by computational calculations which were performed for compounds 1–8, using DFT/B3LYP level with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The in vitro antituberculous activity of all the synthesized compounds was determined against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis standard strains: sensitive H37Rv (ATCC-27294) and resistant TB DM97. All the compounds exhibited moderate bioactivity (MIC = 0.34–0.41 μM) with respect to the isoniazid drug (MIC = 0.91 μM) against the H37Rv sensitive strain. Compounds 6 (X = 4′-OCH3) and 7 (X = 4′-CH3) with MIC values of 12.41 and 13.06 μM, respectively, were about two times more cytotoxic, compared with isoniazid, against the resistant strain TB DM97.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Schiff Bases of Isoniazid and Evaluation of Their Anti-Proliferative and Antibacterial Activities

Three new Schiff bases of isoniazid were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and conventional condensation with aromatic aldehydes. Synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, IR, NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line. The IC50 values were from 125 to 276 µM. The compounds were also evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results showed that the synthesized compounds produce significant antibacterial activity in vitro. Inhibition of compounds ranged from 13 to 18 mm.

A study of antituberculosis activities and crystal structures of (E)-2-[2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl]pyrimidine and (E)-N 1-(arylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives

A study of the anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATTC 27294 and an X-ray structural determination of (E)-2-[2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl]pyrimidine, 1, and (E)-N 1-(arylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydazide, 2, derivatives are presented. The effect of the substituents in the aryl moiety on the antituberculosis (anti-TB) activities of 1 and 2 is compared with that of other heteroaryl hydrazonyl and acylhydrazonyl derivatives. The biological activities of 1 do not depend on the coordinating ability of the substituted aryl group: in 2, the most effective aryl group is 5-nitrofuranyl. The structure determinations of (E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-phenol, (E)-N′-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide and of the hydrate of (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide, and a literature search of related structures in the CCDC data base, allowed an examination of the more important interactions, including the occurrence of X–Y⋯π interactions.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biologic Activity of New Acyl Hydrazides and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

Starting from isoniazid and carboxylic acids as precursors, thirteen new hydrazides and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles of 2-(4-substituted-phenoxymethyl)-benzoic acids were synthesized and characterized by appropriate means. Their biological properties were evaluated in terms of apoptosis, cell cycle blocking, and drug metabolism gene expression on HCT-8 and HT-29 cell lines. In vitro antimicrobial tests were performed by the microplate Alamar Blue assay for the anti-mycobacterial activities and an adapted agar disk diffusion technique for other non-tubercular bacterial strains. The best antibacterial activity (anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effects) was proved by 9. Compounds 7, 8, and 9 determined blocking of G1 phase. Compound 7 proved to be toxic, inducing apoptosis in 54% of cells after 72 h, an effect that can be predicted by the increased expression of mRNA caspases 3 and 7 after 24 h. The influence of compounds on gene expression of enzymes implicated in drug metabolism indicates that synthesized compounds could be metabolized via other pathways than NAT2, spanning adverse effects of isoniazid. Compound 9 had the best antibacterial activity, being used as a disinfectant agent. Compounds 7, 8, and 9, seemed to have antitumor potential. Further studies on the action mechanism of these compounds on the cell cycle may bring new information regarding their biological activity.

Bis(N′-(3-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide)iron(III) Complex

The bis(N′-(3-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide)iron(III) complex was synthesised from N′-(3-chlorobenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide and iron(III) metal by reflux in an ethanol solution. The title compound was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results indicate that coordination of the iron(III) ion to the ligand increased its thermal stability.

Studies on Isoniazid Derivatives through a Medicinal Chemistry Approach for the Identification of New Inhibitors of Urease and Inflammatory Markers

A library of thiosemicarbazide derivatives of isoniazid 3-27, was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and urease inhibition activities, by using in vitro bioassays. Among these compounds 9, 10, 12, 21, and 26 were identified as new derivatives. Prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and infections caused by Helicobacter pylori (ureolytic bacteria), are the two most significant causes of gastric and peptic ulcers. We focused on the identification of the dual inhibitors of inflammation and urease enzyme. Compound 23 was identified as the best dual inhibitor of inflammation (ROS; IC50 = 12.3 µg/mL), and urease enzyme inhibition activity (IC50 = 22.4 µM). Many of these compounds showed comparable activities to the standard anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen, IC50 = 11.2 µg/mL) and urease inhibitor (thiourea/acetohydraoxamic acid, IC50 = 21.1/20.3 µM). Compound 12 was found to be the most potent urease inhibitor (IC50 = 12.3 µM) and good inhibitor of inflammation (IC50 = 27.7 µg/mL). Compounds 19, 11, 13, 9, 17, 10, and 16, were also found to be potent inhibitors of urease. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated and all the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic, except compound 18 and the parent drug isoniazid (IC50 = 29.5 and 28.5 µM, respectively).

Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives

In our present research, we synthesised new thiazolidine-2,4-diones (12-28). All the newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative and antibacterial activity. Antiproliferative evaluation was carried out using normal human skin fibroblasts and tumour cell lines: A549, HepG2, and MCF-7. The IC₅₀ values were determined for tested compounds revealing antiproliferative activity. Moreover, safety index (SI) was calculated. Among all tested derivatives, the compound 18 revealed the highest antiproliferative activity against human lung, breast, and liver cancer cells. More importantly, the derivative 18 showed meaningfully lower IC₅₀ values when compared to the reference substance, irinotecan, and relatively high SI values. Moreover, newly synthesised compounds were screened for the bacteria growth inhibition in vitro. According to our screening results, most active compound was the derivative 18 against Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it may be implied that the novel compound 18 appears to be a very promising agent for anticancer treatment.

Photochemical synthesis and anticancer activity of barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid, thiosemicarbazide, and isoniazid linked to 2-phenyl indole derivatives

2-Phenyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde-based barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid, thiosemicarbazide, isoniazid, and malononitrile derivatives were synthesized under photochemical conditions. The antitumor activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated on three different human cancer cell lines representing prostate cancer cell line DU145, Dwivedi (DWD) cancer cell lines, and breast cancer cell line MCF7. All the screened compounds possessed moderate anticancer activity, and out of all the screened compounds, 5-{1[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)2-oxo-ethyl]-2-phenyl-1H-indole-3-ylmethylene}-2-thioxo-dihydro-pyrimidine-4,6-dione (2b) and 5-{1[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)2-oxo-ethyl]-2-phenyl-1H-indole-3-ylmethylene}-2-thioxo-dihydro-pyrimidine-4,6-dione (2d) exhibited marked antitumor activity against used cell lines. Additionally, barbituric acid derivatives were selective to inhibit cell line DWD and breast cancer cell lines.

Saccharin salts of biologically active hydrazone derivatives

Crystal structures, solubility and formation thermodynamics of saccharin salts with biologically active hydrazone derivatives were investigated.