1
|
Herzog M, Verdenik I, Kobal B, Černe K. Higher EpCAM-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Concentration in Ascites Is Associated with Shorter Progression-Free Survival of Patients with Advanced High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6780. [PMID: 38928484 PMCID: PMC11204144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is an incurable disease, so biomarkers that could help with timely treatment adjustments and personalized approach are extensively being sought. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be isolated from ascites and blood of HGSC patients are such promising biomarkers. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression is upregulated in most epithelium-derived tumors; however, studies on prognostic value of EpCAM overexpression in ovarian carcinoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of total and EpCAM-positive EVs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for advanced HGSC. Flow cytometry was used to determine the concentration of total and EpCAM-positive EVs in paired pretreatment ascites and plasma samples of 37 patients with advanced HGSC who underwent different first-line therapy. We found that higher EpCAM-positive EVs concentration in ascites is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) regardless of treatment strategy. We also found a strong correlation of EpCAM-positive EVs concentration between ascites and plasma. Our findings indicate that EpCAM-positive EVs in ascites of patients with advanced HGSC have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers for predicting early recurrence and thereby likelihood of more aggressive tumor biology and development of chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (I.V.); (B.K.)
| | - Ivan Verdenik
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (I.V.); (B.K.)
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (I.V.); (B.K.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim NK, Suh DH, Kim K, No JH, Kim YB, Kim M, Cho YH. High-throughput viable circulating tumor cell isolation using tapered-slit membrane filter-based chipsets in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304704. [PMID: 38833451 PMCID: PMC11149860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using tapered-slit membrane filter (TSF)-based chipsets for the differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors. METHODS A total of 230 women with indeterminate adnexal tumors were prospectively enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the CTC-detecting chipsets were analyzed according to postoperative pathological results and compared with those of cancer antigen (CA)-125 and imaging tests. RESULTS Eighty-one (40.3%) benign tumors, 31 (15.4%) borderline tumors, and 89 (44.3%) ovarian cancers were pathologically confirmed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CTC-detecting chipsets (75.3%, 58.0%, and 67.1%) for differentiating ovarian cancer from benign tumors were similar to CA-125 (78.7%, 53.1%, and 66.5%), but lower than CT/MRI (94.2%, 77.9%, and 86.5%). "CTC or CA125" showed increased sensitivity (91.0%) and "CTC and CA-125" revealed increased specificity (77.8%), comparable to CT/MRI. CTC detection rates in stage I/II and stage III/IV ovarian cancers were 69.6% and 81.4%, respectively. The sensitivity to detect high-grade serous (HGS) cancer from benign tumors (84.6%) was higher than that to detect non-HGS cancers (68.0%). CONCLUSION Although the diagnostic performance of the TSF platform to differentiate between ovarian cancer and benign tumors did not yield significant results, the combination of CTC and CA-125 showed promising potential in the diagnostic accuracy of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Kyeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Cell Bench Research Center, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Cho
- Cell Bench Research Center, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Constantinescu DR, Sorop A, Ghionescu AV, Lixandru D, Herlea V, Bacalbasa N, Dima SO. EM-transcriptomic signature predicts drug response in advanced stages of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma based on ascites-derived primary cultures. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363142. [PMID: 38510654 PMCID: PMC10953505 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains a medical challenge despite considerable improvements in the treatment. Unfortunately, over 75% of patients have already metastasized at the time of diagnosis. Advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying how ascites cause chemoresistance are urgently needed to derive novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to identify the molecular markers involved in drug sensitivity and highlight the use of ascites as a potential model to investigate HGSOC treatment options. Methods: After conducting an in silico analysis, eight epithelial-mesenchymal (EM)-associated genes related to chemoresistance were identified. To evaluate differences in EM-associated genes in HGSOC samples, we analyzed ascites-derived HGSOC primary cell culture (AS), tumor (T), and peritoneal nodule (NP) samples. Moreover, in vitro experiments were employed to measure tumor cell proliferation and cell migration in AS, following treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CIS) and expression of these markers. Results: Our results showed that AS exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype compared to tumor and peritoneal nodule samples. Moreover, DOX and CIS treatment leads to an invasive-intermediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state of the AS by different EM-associated marker expression. For instance, the treatment of AS showed that CDH1 and GATA6 decreased after CIS exposure and increased after DOX treatment. On the contrary, the expression of KRT18 has an opposite pattern. Conclusion: Taken together, our study reports a comprehensive investigation of the EM-associated genes after drug exposure of AS. Exploring ascites and their associated cellular and soluble components is promising for understanding the HGSOC progression and treatment response at a personalized level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Daniela Lixandru
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology-Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Olimpia Dima
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibrahim HM, Abdelrahman AE, Elsebai E, Gharieb SA, Fahmy MM, Ramadan MS, Wasfy MA, Abdullatif A. Clinicopathologic Impact of NANOG, ZEB1, and EpCAM Biomarkers on Prognosis of Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3247-3259. [PMID: 37774079 PMCID: PMC10762767 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is a biologically heterogeneous with different genomic and molecular profiles, beside clinical response to the chemotherapy with subsequent in obstacles in starting unified, acceptable treatments and so we assess immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM in SOC. METHODS In this study, the immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM was studied in 60 cases of SOC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) data and response to chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS NANOG was immunostained in 65% of the cases with a significant association with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 showed moderate- high expression in 58.3% of the cases with significant up-regulation of ZEB1 expression with SOC grade, nodal metastasis, and SOC FIGO stage (p<0.001). EpCAM revealed high expression in 60% of the cases with significant association with higher grade, nodal metastasis, and advanced stage (p < 0.001 for each). Up-regulation of Nanog was significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 overexpression exhibited a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.012), relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p<0.001 for each). Moreover, the high EpCAM had a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.043), relapse (p < 0.001) shorter OS (p=0.006) and DFS (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of Nanog and ZEB-1 and EpCAM perhaps promote an aggressive SOC with a high risk of relapse and unfavorable response to standard chemotherapy regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Elsebai
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A. Gharieb
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Moamna M. Fahmy
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S.H. Ramadan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A. Wasfy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding P, Chen P, Ouyang J, Li Q, Li S. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in solid tumours: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1242231. [PMID: 37664060 PMCID: PMC10468606 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1242231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumors, mainly solid tumors, are a significant obstacle to the improvement of life expectancy at present. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a cancer stem cell biomarker, showed widespread expression in most normal epithelial cells and most cancers. Although the clinical significance of EpCAM in various malignant solid tumors has been studied extensively, the latent relationships between EpCAM and pathological and clinical characteristics in solid tumors and differences in the roles of EpCAM among tumors have not been clearly determined. The destination point of this study was to analyze the value of EpCAM in solid tumors in clinicopathological and prognostic dimension using a meta-analysis approach. Method and materials A comprehensive and systematic search of the researches published up to March 7th, 2022, in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library and PMC databases was performed. The relationships between EpCAM overexpression, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated as indicators of the degree of correlation. This research was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews), ID: CRD42022315070. Results In total, 57 articles and 14184 cases were included in this study. High EpCAM expression had a significant coherence with a poorer overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.58, P < 0.01) and a worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.28-1.95, P < 0.01), especially of gastrointestinal tumors' OS (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15-1.95, P < 0.01), and DFS (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.52-2.33, P < 0.01). The DFS of head and neck tumors (HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.51-3.61, P < 0.01) was also associated with the overexpression of EpCAM. There were no positive relationships between the overexpression of EpCAM and sex (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.07, P = 0.141), T classification (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.06, P = 0.293), lymph node metastasis (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.54-1.32, P = 0.461), distant metastasis (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84-1.10, P = 0.606), vascular infiltration (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85-1.29, P = 0.611), and TNM stage (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83-1.04, P = 0.187). However, the overexpression of EpCAM exhibited a significant association with the histological grades (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97, P < 0.01). Conclusion Based on pooled HRs, the positive expression of EpCAM was totally correlated to a worse OS and DFS in solid tumors. The expression of EpCAM was related to a worse OS in gastrointestinal tumors and a worse DFS in gastrointestinal tumors and head and neck tumors. Moreover, EpCAM expression was correlated with the histological grade. The results presented pointed out that EpCAM could serve as a prognostic biomarker for gastrointestinal and head and neck tumors. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022315070.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Ding
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Operating Room, Sichuan University West China Hospital School of Nursing, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiqi Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iżycka N, Zaborowski MP, Ciecierski Ł, Jaz K, Szubert S, Miedziarek C, Rezler M, Piątek-Bajan K, Synakiewicz A, Jankowska A, Figlerowicz M, Sterzyńska K, Nowak-Markwitz E. Cancer Stem Cell Markers-Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12746. [PMID: 37628927 PMCID: PMC10454196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to an increased risk of recurrence in ovarian cancer (OC). Further research is needed to identify associations between CSC markers and OC patients' clinical outcomes with greater certainty. If they prove to be correct, in the future, the CSC markers can be used to help predict survival and indicate new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to determine the CSC markers at mRNA and protein levels and their association with clinical presentation, outcome, and risk of recurrence in HGSOC (High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer). TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database with 558 ovarian cancer tumor samples was used for the evaluation of 13 CSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, KIT, LGR5, NES, NOTCH3, POU5F1, PROM1, PTTG1, ROR1, SOX9, and THY1). Data on mRNA and protein levels assessed by microarray and mass spectrometry were retrieved from TCGA. Models to predict chemotherapy response and survival were built using multiple variables, including epidemiological data, expression levels, and machine learning methodology. ALDH1A1 and LGR5 mRNA expressions indicated a higher platinum sensitivity (p = 3.50 × 10-3; p = 0.01, respectively). POU5F1 mRNA expression marked platinum-resistant tumors (p = 9.43 × 10-3). CD44 and EPCAM mRNA expression correlated with longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.043; p = 0.039, respectively). THY1 mRNA and protein levels were associated with worse OS (p = 0.019; p = 0.015, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was positively affected by EPCAM (p = 0.004), LGR5 (p = 0.018), and CD44 (p = 0.012). In the multivariate model based on CSC marker expression, the high-risk group had 9.1 months longer median overall survival than the low-risk group (p < 0.001). ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, LGR5, POU5F1, and THY1 levels in OC may be used as prognostic factors for the primary outcome and help predict the treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Iżycka
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Łukasz Ciecierski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Kamila Jaz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Marta Rezler
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Kinga Piątek-Bajan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Aneta Synakiewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Černe K, Kelhar N, Resnik N, Herzog M, Vodnik L, Veranič P, Kobal B. Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles from a High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Derived from a Platinum-Resistant Patient as a Potential Tool for Aiding the Prediction of Responses to Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:907. [PMID: 37375854 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is invariably a fatal disease. A central goal of ovarian cancer research is therefore to develop new strategies to overcome platinum resistance. Treatment is thus moving towards personalized therapy. However, validated molecular biomarkers that predict patients' risk of developing platinum resistance are still lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidate biomarkers. EpCAM-specific EVs are largely unexplored biomarkers for predicting chemoresistance. Using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry, we compared the characteristics of EVs released from a cell line derived from a clinically confirmed cisplatin-resistant patient (OAW28) and EVs released from two cell lines from tumors sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy (PEO1 and OAW42). We demonstrated that EVs released from the HGSOC cell line of chemoresistant patients exhibited greater size heterogeneity, a larger proportion of medium/large (>200 nm) Evs and a higher number of released EpCAM-positive EVs of different sizes, although the expression of EpCAM was predominant in EVs larger than 400 nm. We also found a strong positive correlation between the concentration of EpCAM-positive EVs and the expression of cellular EpCAM. These results may contribute to the prediction of platinum resistance in the future, although they should first be validated in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nuša Kelhar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lana Vodnik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Understanding the versatile roles and applications of EpCAM in cancers: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:97. [PMID: 36369033 PMCID: PMC9650829 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) functions not only in physiological processes but also participates in the development and progression of cancer. In recent decades, extensive efforts have been made to decipher the role of EpCAM in cancers. Great advances have been achieved in elucidating its structure, molecular functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical applications. Beyond its well-recognized role as a biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs), EpCAM exhibits novel and promising value in targeted therapy. At the same time, the roles of EpCAM in cancer progression are found to be highly context-dependent and even contradictory in some cases. The versatile functional modules of EpCAM and its communication with other signaling pathways complicate the study of this molecule. In this review, we start from the structure of EpCAM and focus on communication with other signaling pathways. The impacts on the biology of cancers and the up-to-date clinical applications of EpCAM are also introduced and summarized, aiming to shed light on the translational prospects of EpCAM.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alghamian Y, Soukkarieh C, Abbady AQ, Murad H. Investigation of role of CpG methylation in some epithelial mesenchymal transition gene in a chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7494. [PMID: 35523936 PMCID: PMC9076839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the lethal gynecologic cancers. Chemoresistance is an essential reason for treatment failure and high mortality. Emerging evidence connects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like changes and acquisition of chemoresistance in cancers. Including EMT, DNA methylation influences cellular processes. Here, EMT-like changes were investigated in cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells (A2780cis), wherein role of DNA methylation in some EMT genes regulations was studied. Cell viability assay was carried out to test the sensitivity of A2780, and A2780cis human cancer cell lines to cisplatin. Differential mRNA expression of EMT markers using qPCR was conducted to investigate EMT like changes. CpG methylation role in gene expression regulation was investigated by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) treatment. DNA methylation changes in EMT genes were identified using Methylscreen assay between A2780 and A2780cis cells. In order to evaluate if DNA methylation changes are causally underlying EMT, treatment with 5-aza followed by Cisplatin was done on A2780cis cells. Accordingly, morphological changes were studied under the microscope, whereas EMT marker's gene expression changes were investigated using qPCR. In this respect, A2780cis cell line has maintained its cisplatin tolerance ability and exhibits phenotypic changes congruent with EMT. Methylscreen assay and qPCR study have revealed DNA hypermethylation in promoters of epithelial adhesion molecules CDH1 and EPCAM in A2780cis compared to the cisplatin-sensitive parental cells. These changes were concomitant with gene expression down-regulation. DNA hypomethylation associated with transcription up-regulation of the mesenchymal marker TWIST2 was observed in the resistant cells. Azacytidine treatment confirmed DNA methylation role in regulating gene expression of CDH1, EPCAM and TWIST2 genes. A2780cis cell line undergoes EMT like changes, and EMT genes are regulated by DNA methylation. To that end, a better understanding of the molecular alterations that correlate with chemoresistance may lead to therapeutic benefits such as chemosensitivity restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Alghamian
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdul Qader Abbady
- Human Genetics Division, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hossam Murad
- Human Genetics Division, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin T, Peng W, Mai P, Zhang E, Peng L. Human Gastric Cancer Stem Cell (GCSC) Markers Are Prognostic Factors Correlated With Immune Infiltration of Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:626966. [PMID: 34113647 PMCID: PMC8185345 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.626966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) is still unsatisfying. Numerous markers of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) have been identified and were thought to be related to cancer aggressiveness. However, the roles of GCSC markers in GC patients’ prognosis and immune infiltration remain unknown. Expression of GCSC markers was analyzed using Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Their associations with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed using UALCAN and LinkedOmics. Alternations and protein expression of GCSC markers were analyzed by cBioPortal and the Human Protein Atlas databases, respectively. The prognostic significance of GCSC markers was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Correlations between the expression of GCSC markers and immune infiltration along with biomarkers of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were assessed combined Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and GEPIA. GeneMANIA was used to discover the interactive genes of GCSC markers, and enrichment analysis was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery server. We identified six GCSC markers significantly up-expressed in GC, compared with normal stomach tissues. Among them, the overexpression of ICAM1, THY1, and CXCR4 significantly indicated adverse, while EPCAM indicated beneficial clinicopathological features of GC patients. The up-regulation of CXCR4 showed unfavorable prognostic significance, whereas EPCAM and TFRC showed the opposite. The six GCSC markers were all correlated with the infiltration and activation of distinct TIICs. Especially, ICAM1, THY1, and CXCR4 showed strongly positive correlations with tumor-associated macrophages. Besides, chemokine, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, and HIF-1 signaling pathways might be involved in the regulation of GCSC markers on cancer development. This study proposed that GCSC markers might be promising targets of GC treatment to weaken cancer stem-like properties and strengthen anticancer immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenya Peng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peipei Mai
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - E Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Muynck LDAN, Gaarenstroom KN, Sier CFM, van Duijvenvoorde M, Bosse T, Mieog JSD, de Kroon CD, Vahrmeijer AL, Peters ITA. Novel Molecular Targets for Tumor-Specific Imaging of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061562. [PMID: 32545676 PMCID: PMC7352913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the strongest prognostic factor is the completeness of surgery. Intraoperative molecular imaging that targets cell-surface proteins on tumor cells may guide surgeons to detect metastases otherwise not visible to the naked eye. Previously, we identified 29% more metastatic lesions during cytoreductive surgery using OTL-38, a fluorescent tracer targeting folate receptor-α (FRα). Unfortunately, eleven out of thirteen fluorescent lymph nodes were tumor negative. The current study evaluates the suitability of five biomarkers (EGFR, VEGF-A, L1CAM, integrin αvβ6 and EpCAM) as alternative targets for molecular imaging of EOC metastases and included FRα as a reference. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of primary ovarian tumors, omental, peritoneal and lymph node metastases from 84 EOC patients. Tumor-negative tissue specimens from these patients were included as controls. EGFR, VEGF-A and L1CAM were highly expressed in tumor-negative tissue, whereas αvβ6 showed heterogeneous expression in metastases. The expression of EpCAM was most comparable to FRα in metastatic lesions and completely absent in the lymph nodes that were false-positively illuminated with OTL-38 in our previous study. Hence, EpCAM seems to be a promising novel target for intraoperative imaging and may contribute to a more reliable detection of true metastatic EOC lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne D. A. N. de Muynck
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Katja N. Gaarenstroom
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Maurice van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - J. Sven D. Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Cornelis D. de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Inge T. A. Peters
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715262845
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Si M, Zhang J, Cao J, Xie Z, Shu S, Zhu Y, Lang J. Integrated Analysis To Identify Molecular Biomarkers Of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10057-10075. [PMID: 31819501 PMCID: PMC6877452 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death worldwide. Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer can significantly improve patient prognosis. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify key diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers specific for ovarian cancer. Because high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer and accounts for the majority of deaths, we identified potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of HGSOC. Methods Six datasets (GSE14001, GSE18520, GSE26712, GSE27651, GSE40595, and GSE54388) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HGSOC and normal ovarian surface epithelium samples were screened via integrated analysis. Hub genes were identified by analyzing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network data. The online Kaplan-Meier plotter was utilized to evaluate the prognostic roles of these hub genes. The expression of these hub genes was confirmed with Oncomine datasets and validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results A total of 103 DEGs in patients with HGSOC-28 upregulated genes and 75 downregulated genes-were successfully screened. Enrichment analyses revealed that the upregulated genes were enriched in cell division and cell proliferation and that the downregulated genes mainly participated in the Wnt signaling pathway and various metabolic processes. Ten hub genes were associated with HGSOC pathogenesis. Seven overexpressed hub genes were partitioned into module 1 of the PPI network, which was enriched in the cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. Survival analysis revealed that MELK, CEP55 and KDR expression levels were significantly correlated with the overall survival of HGSOC patients (P < 0.05). The RNA and protein expression levels of these hub genes were validated experimentally. Conclusion Based on an integrated analysis, we propose the further investigation of MELK, CEP55 and KDR as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan HL, Choo A. Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5752. [PMID: 31731794 PMCID: PMC6888136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yin S, Du J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Ma K. Identification of Key Genes and Pathway for Ovarian Neoplasms Using the OVDM1 Cell Line Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4305-4313. [PMID: 31177266 PMCID: PMC6582691 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian neoplasms are the fifth most common cancer affecting the health of women, and they are the most lethal gynecologic malignancies; however, the etiology of ovarian neoplasms remains largely unknown. There is an urgent need to further broaden the understanding of the development mechanism of ovarian neoplasms through in vitro research using different cell lines. Material/Methods To screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may play critical roles in OVDM1 (an ovarian cancer cell line), the public microarray data (GSE70264) were downloaded and screened for DEGs. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed. To screen hub genes, the protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The expression level and survival analysis of hub genes in patients with ovarian neoplasms were also analyzed. Results There were 79 upregulated and 926 downregulated DEGs detected, and the biological processes of the GO analysis were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization, and chromosome segregation, whereas, the KEGG pathway analysis was enriched in cell cycle and cell adhesion molecules. The hub gene BIRC5, which might play a key role in ovarian neoplasms, was further screened. Conclusions The present study could deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of ovarian neoplasms using the OVDM1 cell line, which could be useful in developing clinical treatments of ovarian neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songna Yin
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Du
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. The Potential Role of iNOS in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1751. [PMID: 30970628 PMCID: PMC6479373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production, is not present in most cells under normal conditions. The expression of its mRNA, as well as its protein synthesis and full enzymatic activity, undergoes multilevel regulation including transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, the availability of iNOS substrate and cofactors and oxygen tension. However, in various malignant diseases, such as ovarian cancer, the intracellular mechanisms controlling iNOS are dysregulated, resulting in the permanent induction of iNOS expression and activation. The present review summarizes the multistaged processes occurring in normal cells that promote NO synthesis and focuses on factors regulating iNOS expression in ovarian cancer. The possible involvement of iNOS in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer and its potential as a prognostic/predictive factor in the course of disease development are also reviewed. According to the available yet limited data, it is difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the pros and cons of iNOS in ovarian cancer. Most clinical data support the hypothesis that high levels of iNOS expression in ovarian tumors are associated with a greater risk of disease relapse and patient death. However, in vitro studies with various ovarian cancer cell lines indicate a correlation between a high level of iNOS expression and sensitivity to cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo Q, He Y, Sun L, Kong C, Cheng Y, Wang P, Zhang G. Identification of potential prognostic TF-associated lncRNAs for predicting survival in ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1840-1851. [PMID: 30549251 PMCID: PMC6378234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of ovarian cancer (OV) is complex and depends on multiple biological processes and pathways. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes and helping personalize treatment of OV. A long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-based risk score model was constructed to infer the prognostic efficacy of transcription factors (TFs) based on the OV dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The risk score model was further validated in other independent cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the survival prediction performance in comparison with other clinical and molecular variables. Our results revealed that the top-ranked TF-associating lncRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival. Stratification analysis according to clinical variables indicated the prognostic independence of POLR2A-associating lncRNAs. In comparison, the signature of POLR2A-associating lncRNAs was more sensitive and specific than existing clinical and molecular signatures. Functional and experimental analysis suggested that POLR2A-associating lncRNAs may be involved in known biological processes and pathways of OV. Our findings revealed that the lncRNA-based risk score model can provide helpful information on OV prognosis stratification and discovery of therapeutic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Congcong Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangmei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Y, Shen K. Identification of potential key genes associated with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5461-5470. [PMID: 30519094 PMCID: PMC6234989 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death from cancer among females worldwide. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is considered a distinct histopathologic subtype with worse prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Materials and methods We analyzed five microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GEO2R tool was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OCCC tumor and normal ovary tissue. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the g:Profiler database and Cytoscape. Based on Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis on the DEGs. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in frozen samples of normal ovary and OCCC were performed to verify the expression difference of hub genes in OCCC patients. Results Thirty upregulated DEGs and 13 downregulated DEGs were identified by cross referencing. Six were chosen as hub genes with high connectivity degree via PPI network analysis, including two upregulated and four downregulated. RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed significant expression difference of the two upregulated genes, SPP1 and EPCAM, between tumor and normal tissues. Conclusion Our research suggests that SPP1 and EPCAM are overexpressed in OCCC compared with normal ovary tissue. Clinical study of large sample is required to evaluate the value of SPP1 and EPCAM in the precision treatment and prognostic influence on OCCC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Eastern District, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Eastern District, Beijing 100730, China,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan HL, Yong C, Tan BZ, Fong WJ, Padmanabhan J, Chin A, Ding V, Lau A, Zheng L, Bi X, Yang Y, Choo A. Conservation of oncofetal antigens on human embryonic stem cells enables discovery of monoclonal antibodies against cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11608. [PMID: 30072783 PMCID: PMC6072701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used as targeted therapies against cancers. These mAbs kill cancer cells via various mechanisms of actions. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was used as the immunogen to generate a panel of antibodies. From this panel of mAbs, A19 was found to bind both hESC and various cancer cell lines. The antigen target of A19 was identified as Erbb-2 and glycan analysis showed that A19 binds to a N-glycan epitope on the antigen. A19 was elucidated to internalize into cancer cells following binding to Erbb-2 and hence developed as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Using ADC as the mechanism of action, A19 was able to kill cancer cells in vitro and delayed the onset of tumour formation in mice xenograft model. When compared to Herceptin, A19 binds to different isoforms of Erbb-2 and does not compete with Herceptin for the same epitope. Hence, A19 has the potential to be developed as an alternative targeted therapeutic agent for cancers expressing Erbb-2.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Charlene Yong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Zhu Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wey Jia Fong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Padmanabhan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Chin
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ally Lau
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou L, Zhu Y. The EpCAM overexpression is associated with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 56:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
20
|
Cai Q, Fan Q, Buechlein A, Miller D, Nephew KP, Liu S, Wan J, Xu Y. Changes in mRNA/protein expression and signaling pathways in in vivo passaged mouse ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197404. [PMID: 29927933 PMCID: PMC6013233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cure rate for late stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly improved over several decades. New and more effective targets and treatment modalities are urgently needed. RNA-seq analyses of a syngeneic EOC cell pair, representing more and less aggressive tumor cells in vivo were conducted. Bioinformatics analyses of the RNA-seq data and biological signaling and function studies have identified new targets, such as ZIP4 in EOC. Many up-regulated tumor promoting signaling pathways have been identified which are mainly grouped into three cellular activities: 1) cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance; 2) cell skeleton and adhesion changes; and 3) carbohydrate metabolic reprograming. Unexpectedly, lipid metabolism has been the major down-regulated signaling pathway in the more aggressive EOC cells. In addition, we found that hypoxic responsive genes were at the center stage of regulation and detected functional changes were related to cancer stem cell-like activities. Moreover, our genetic, cellular, biochemical, and lipidomic analyses indicated that cells grown in 2D vs. 3D, or attached vs. suspended had dramatic changes. The important clinical implications of peritoneal cavity floating tumor cells are supported by the data proved in this work. Overall, the RNA-seq data provide a landscape of gene expression alterations during tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Qipeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David Miller
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sheng Liu
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics (C3B), Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics (C3B), Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tayama S, Motohara T, Narantuya D, Li C, Fujimoto K, Sakaguchi I, Tashiro H, Saya H, Nagano O, Katabuchi H. The impact of EpCAM expression on response to chemotherapy and clinical outcomes in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44312-44325. [PMID: 28574829 PMCID: PMC5546482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignancy; moreover, overcoming chemoresistance is the major challenging in treating ovarian cancer patients. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis considers CSCs to be the main culprits in driving tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapy. Although growing evidence suggest that CSCs are responsible for chemoresistance, the contribution of CSC marker EpCAM to resistance to chemotherapy remains unresolved. Here we have demonstrated that ovarian cancers containing high levels of EpCAM have a significantly much lower probability of achieving overall responsive rates after first-line chemotherapy. In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that EpCAM expression is an independent risk factor for chemoresistance, indicating that EpCAM expression is a predictive biomarker of chemotherapeutic response. Consistent with these clinical observations, in vitro assays, we found that the subpopulation of EpCAM-positive ovarian cancer cells shows a significantly higher viability compared with EpCAM-negative cells in response to cisplatin treatment by preventing chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, which is regulated by EpCAM-Bcl-2 axis. Furthermore, in an in vivo mouse model, platinum agents preferentially eliminated EpCAM-negative cells in comparison with EpCAM-positive cells, suggesting that the remaining subpopulation of EpCAM-positive cells contributes to tumor recurrence after chemotherapy. Finally, we also found that an increased expression of EpCAM is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Our findings highlight the clinical significance of EpCAM in the resistance to chemotherapy and provide a rationale for EpCAM-targeted therapy to improve chemoresistance. Targeting EpCAM should be a promising approach to effectively extirpate the CSCs as the putative root of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Motohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Dashdemberel Narantuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hironori Tashiro
- Department of Maternal-Newborn Nursing, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0976, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Katabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamal NM, Salem HM, Dahmoush HM. Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to normal salivary gland tissues. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:87-94. [PMID: 28347886 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor which displays biological, histological and clinical diversity thus representing a challenge for its diagnosis and management. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein identified as a tumor specific antigen due to its frequent overexpression in the majority of epithelial carcinomas and its correlation with prognosis. It is considered to be a promising biomarker used as a therapeutic target already in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern, cellular characterization and level of EpCAM expression in MEC and demonstrate its correlation with histologic grading which may benefit future clinical trials using EpCAM targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 specimens (12 normal salivary gland tissue and 36 MEC) were collected and EpCAM membranous expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Total immunoscore (TIS) was evaluated, the term 'EpCAM overexpression' was given for tissues showing a total immunoscore >4. RESULTS A highly significant difference was observed between TIS percent values in control and different grades of MEC (p<0.001). High grade MEC (HG-MEC) was the highest EpCAM expressor. In addition, EpCAM expression pattern differed among the different grades. CONCLUSION EpCAM expression was detected in MEC, and its overexpression correlated with increasing the histological grade. The diffuse membranous expression in HG-MEC could be of diagnostic value in relation to the patchy expression observed in both low grade and intermediate grade MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Kamal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hend M Salem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Heba M Dahmoush
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Novel mechanisms and approaches to overcome multidrug resistance in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:266-275. [PMID: 27717733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality despite the advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapy drugs over the past three decades. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy is the major cause of treatment failure. Previous research has focused mainly on strategies to reverse MDR by targeting the MDR1 gene encoded P-glycoprotein (Pgp) with small molecular compound inhibitors. However, prior Pgp inhibitors have shown very limited clinical success because these agents have relatively low potency and high toxicity. Therefore, identification of more specific and potent new inhibitors would be useful. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs), deregulated non-coding RNA (ncRNA), autophagy, and tumor heterogeneity also contribute significantly to drug sensitivity/resistance in ovarian cancer. This review summarizes these novel mechanisms of MDR and evaluates several new concepts to overcome MDR in the treatment of ovarian cancer. These new strategies include overcoming MDR with more potent and specific Pgp inhibitors, targeting CSCs and ncRNA, modulating autophagy signaling pathway, and targeting tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
24
|
CD44 Splice Variant v8-10 as a Marker of Serous Ovarian Cancer Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156595. [PMID: 27253518 PMCID: PMC4890777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane hyaluronic acid receptor gene that encodes over 100 different tissue-specific protein isoforms. The most ubiquitous, CD44 standard, has been used as a cancer stem cell marker in ovarian and other cancers. Expression of the epithelial CD44 variant containing exons v8-10 (CD44v8-10) has been associated with more chemoresistant and metastatic tumors in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its role in ovarian cancer is unknown; we therefore investigated its use as a prognostic marker in this disease. The gene expression profiles of 254 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNAseqV2 were analyzed for the presence of CD44 isoforms. A trend for longer survival was observed in patients with high expression of CD44 isoforms that include exons v8-10. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumors for presence of CD44v8-10 was performed on an independent cohort of 210 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer using a tumor tissue microarray. Patient stratification based on software analysis of staining revealed a statistically significant increase in survival in patients with the highest levels of transmembrane protein expression (top 10 or 20%) compared to those with the lowest expression (bottom 10 and 20%) (p = 0.0181, p = 0.0262 respectively). Expression of CD44v8-10 in primary ovarian cancer cell lines was correlated with a predominantly epithelial phenotype characterized by high expression of epithelial markers and low expression of mesenchymal markers by qPCR, Western blot, and IHC. Conversely, detection of proteolytically cleaved and soluble extracellular domain of CD44v8-10 in patient ascites samples was correlated with significantly worse prognosis (p<0.05). Therefore, presence of transmembrane CD44v8-10 on the surface of primary tumor cells may be a marker of a highly epithelial tumor with better prognosis while enzymatic cleavage of CD44v8-10, as detected by presence of the soluble extracellular domain in ascites fluid, may be indicative of a more metastatic disease and worse prognosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Heubner M, Wimberger P, Kasimir-Bauer S, Singer BB, Ruf P, Kimmig R, Siffert W. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the EpCAM-coding gene TACSTD1 in patients with ovarian cancer and their potential translational aspects. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:1367-72. [PMID: 26115884 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EpCAM is overexpressed in many neoplasms including ovarian cancer. We screened the EpCAM-coding gene TACSTD1 for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which could alter ovarian cancer risk, impact upon disease progression, or alter binding of the therapeutic EpCAM-binding antibody, catumaxomab. METHODS DNA fragments of 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed to identify SNPs. Subsequently, DNA of ovarian cancer patients (n = 117) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 115) was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism and pyrosequencing. TACSTD1 genotypes 4461T>C were cloned into a gene expression vector; Hek293 cells were subsequently used for stable transfection. FACS analysis of the transfected Hek293 cells was conducted with HO-3-the EpCAM binding site of catumaxomab-to determine antibody binding. RESULTS One SNP was detected in exon 3 (4461T>C; rs1126497), resulting in an amino acid exchange at position 115 (Met115Thr). Another polymorphism was found in the 3'UTR (17225A>G; rs1421). Genotyping of patients and controls for these SNPs did not reveal significant differences in genotype distribution. Regarding 17225A>G, the homozygous AA-genotype was associated with diminished progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.032). Overall survival, FIGO-stage, grading, and age did not differ significantly between genotypes. FACS analysis of transfected Hek293 cells overexpressing EpCAM 115Met/Thr showed binding of HO-3 to both proteins. CONCLUSIONS The AA-genotype of 17225A>G seems to be associated with diminished PFS in ovarian cancer patients. The amino acid exchange resulting from 4461T>C does not appear to alter binding of HO-3, suggesting that treatment with catumaxomab can be offered to patients regardless of their TACSTD1-genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heubner
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dresden, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruf
- TRION Research GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee M. Prognostic impact of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in ovarian cancer patients. J Gynecol Oncol 2015; 25:352-4. [PMID: 25310035 PMCID: PMC4195308 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fan Q, Cheng JC, Qiu X, Chang HM, Leung PCK. EpCAM is up-regulated by EGF via ERK1/2 signaling and suppresses human epithelial ovarian cancer cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:256-61. [PMID: 25576358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), some contradictory results have been reported regarding the correlation between EpCAM overexpression and patient survival. In addition to this controversy, the function and regulation of EpCAM in EOC remain largely unknown. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) up-regulates EpCAM expression by activating ERK1/2 signaling in a human EOC cell line, SKOV3. Additionally, EpCAM overexpression suppresses not only basal but also EGF-stimulated SKOV3 cell migration, whereas EpCAM knockdown increases both basal and EGF-stimulated cell migration in another human EOC cell line, OVCAR4. This study demonstrates the regulation of EpCAM and its role in mediating the effects of EGF on human EOC cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Woopen H, Pietzner K, Sehouli J. Reply to M Lee. J Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Woopen
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Pietzner
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|