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Bayrakçeken E, Yaralı S, Alkan Ö. Identify risk factors affecting participation of Turkish women in mammography screening for breast cancer prevention. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:487-495. [PMID: 38453780 PMCID: PMC11101495 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer screening is a public health intervention aiming to reduce cancer-caused deaths. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the mammography screening time among women aged 40-69. METHODS The micro dataset obtained from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) in 2019 and 2022 was used in the present study. Stereotype logistic regression was used to determine the variables affecting mammography screening and period for breast cancer prevention in women in Türkiye. RESULTS Given the results achieved from the analysis, it was found that factors such as age, marital status, general health condition, comorbidity, receiving psychosocial support, high blood lipid levels, and performing breast self-examinations affected women's adherence to cancer screening programs. CONCLUSION Since adherence to mammography increases with age, it is recommended to pay importance to education for women approaching the age of mammography screening. Educated individuals are expected to have access to multiple sources of information as to cancer and to access this information more easily. In order to gain more insight into the recommended preventive measures and outcomes related to cancer, it is suggested to review policies, which will increase the educational level of women, and provide privileges in the field of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bayrakçeken
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Süheyla Yaralı
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, 2nd Floor, No:49, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, 2nd Floor, No:222, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Türkiye.
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd. şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, TR-25240, Türkiye.
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Khumalo PG, Carey M, Mackenzie L, Sanson-Fisher R. Cervical cancer screening knowledge and associated factors among Eswatini women: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300763. [PMID: 38635684 PMCID: PMC11025751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent years, cervical cancer incidence and related mortality have steadily increased in Eswatini. Low cervical cancer screening uptake partly explains the situation. Cervical cancer screening-related knowledge is positively associated with screening uptake. Little is known about women's cervical cancer screening-related knowledge in Eswatini. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening knowledge and associated factors among Eswatini women eligible for screening. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving three hundred and seventy-seven women aged 25 to 59 selected from four primary healthcare clinics in Eswatini was conducted. A paper and pen survey assessed knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors, benefits of screening, the meaning of screening results, recommended screening intervals, and socio-demographics. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Linear regression was applied to examine associations between cervical cancer screening-related knowledge and participants' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-nine (61%) participants answered 80% or more knowledge questions correctly. Compared to HIV-positive participants, HIV-negative participants had 0.61 times lower cervical cancer screening knowledge scores (β = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.19, p = 0.03). Participants who travelled more than 30 minutes to the clinic had 0.3 times lower cervical cancer screening knowledge scores (β = -0.70, 95% CI: -1.15, -0.25, p < 0.01) compared to participants who travelled less than 30 minutes to the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Relatively high overall cervical cancer screening knowledge levels were observed among the study participants. Findings from the current study may inform future educational programs to create and sustain an accurate understanding of cervical cancer screening in Eswatini communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phinda G. Khumalo
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Mariko Carey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Women’s Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Mackenzie
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Sanson-Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Jin F, Tian W, Xia L, Yang M, Chen Y, Li J, Liu L. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward leukemia in the general population and among family members of patients with leukemia: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26276. [PMID: 38439856 PMCID: PMC10909635 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with leukemia rely on social and family support. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward leukemia among family members of patients with leukemia and the general population in southeast China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2022 in southeast China (Anhui Province). The KAP scores and demographic data were assessed by questionnaire and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling. Results A total of 760 valid questionnaires were collected, including 117 (15.39%) answered by family members of patients with leukemia. The mean knowledge (8.30 ± 2.79 vs. 8.72 ± 2.56, P = 0.103), attitude (52.17 ± 5.52 vs. 52.27 ± 5.53, P = 0.862), and practice (8.06 ± 2.00 vs. 8.18 ± 2.05, P = 0.547) scores were comparable among family members and the general population. Higher knowledge scores [OR = 1.18 (1.10, 1.27), P < 0.001] and higher attitude scores [OR = 1.05 (1.02, 1.09), P = 0.002] were independently associated with better practice scores. Being a family member of a patient with leukemia had no significant effect on the KAP scores. Conclusion The participants demonstrated satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude, and appropriate practices toward leukemia, suggesting that access to information about leukemia to the general public might be sufficient in China. Health education might effectively improve knowledge, which could translate into improved attitude and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Wanlu Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Leiming Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
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Dangal G, Dhital R, Dwa YP, Poudel S, Pariyar J, Subedi K. Implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening across five tertiary hospitals in Nepal and its policy implications: A mixed-methods study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002832. [PMID: 38236836 PMCID: PMC10796028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In Nepal, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women despite the existing policies. This study intends to assess the implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening through service utilization by women, knowledge and attitude among health professionals, and the perceptions of stakeholders in Nepal. This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2022 across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The quantitative study comprised the health professionals and women attending gynecology outpatient clinics from the selected hospitals. The qualitative study comprised stakeholders including service providers and experts on cervical cancer from selected hospitals, civil societies, and the Ministry of Health and Population. The utilization of screening through pap smear among 657 women across five hospitals was 22.2% and HPV vaccination was 1.5%. The utilization of cervical cancer screening was associated with older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.09, CI: 1.07, 8.19], married (AOR = 3.024, CI: 1.12, 8.19), higher education (AOR = 3.024, CI:1.12, 8.42), oral contraceptives use (AOR = 2.49, CI: 1.36, 4.39), and ever heard of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 13.28, CI: 6.85, 25.73). Among 254 health professionals, the knowledge score was positively associated with them ever having a training [Standardized Beta (β) = 0.20, CI: 0.44, 2.43)] and having outreach activities in their hospital (β = 0.19 CI: 0.89, 9.53) regarding cervical cancer screening. The female as compared to male health professionals (β = 0.16, CI: 0.41, 8.16, P = 0.03) and having a cervical cancer screening guideline as compared to none (β = 0.19 CI: 0.89, 9.53, P = 0.026) were more likely to have a better attitude for screening. The qualitative findings among 23 stakeholders reflected implementation challenges in policy, supply, service delivery, providers, and community. This study showed low utilization of prevention and services by women and implementation gaps on cervical cancer prevention and screening services across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The findings could help designing more focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Dangal
- Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Yam Prasad Dwa
- Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Kathmandu, Nepal
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Poudel
- Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jitendra Pariyar
- Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Civil Service Hospital of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kirtipal Subedi
- Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Adhikari A, Kashyap B, Acharya S, Sharma S, Gurung S, Yadav RK, Budhathoki P. Knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:382-391. [PMID: 38222683 PMCID: PMC10783334 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer screening utilization can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, the current scenario of the knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening remains unclear as the authors do not have sufficient studies. Hence, the authors conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the situation of cancer screening utilization and knowledge. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all studies on knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening in the Nepalese population. Data extraction and analysis were done with SPSS and CMA-3. Results The authors identified a total of 5238 studies after database searching, and 19 studies were included in a narrative synthesis. Lack of awareness and knowledge was the major barrier in cervical, breast, and testicular cancer screening. In cervical cancer screening, the most common reason for screening was the advice of health personnel in 85% of respondents, and the barrier was lack of awareness in 49.33% of participants. Conclusion The knowledge and practice of cancer screening is lacking in Nepal, as shown by our review. More educational and awareness programs, easy access to screening services, and elimination of sociocultural barriers are necessary to increase the utilization of screening services.
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Zhang M, Sit JWH, Wang T, Chan CWH. Exploring the sources of cervical cancer screening self-efficacy among rural females: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2023; 26:2361-2373. [PMID: 37504888 PMCID: PMC10632632 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Evidence showed self-efficacy was relevant to rural females' cervical cancer screening behaviour. However, little is known about sources of self-efficacy in cervical cancer screening among rural females. This study aimed to explore sources of self-efficacy in cervical cancer screening among rural females. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Both users and providers of cervical cancer screening services in rural areas of China were recruited through maximum variation sampling. METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews through telephone calls were conducted. Data were analysed via six main stages of the framework method, with the social cognitive theory as a reference. RESULTS Four main sources were identified, including personal screening experience, hearing about other women's screening experiences, professional health education and consultation, and emotional status. Personal screening experience included enactive mastery of completing the screening behaviour and cognitive mastery of internalisation of the screening. Only the experience of completing cervical cancer screening behaviour was not strong enough to improve self-efficacy. Cognitive mastery showed more critical influence. CONCLUSION These four sources of rural females' cervical cancer screening self-efficacy matched with the major sources of self-efficacy of the social cognitive theory. Cognition was critical to influencing the screening self-efficacy. Intervention strategies aimed at enhancing rural females' cervical cancer screening self-efficacy can be developed from these four major sources. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A registered nurse with rich experience in cervical cancer-related research and qualitative study was the interviewer of this study. Rural females and cervical cancer screening services providers (healthcare professionals and village staff) were recruited as interviewees. The interview guides were developed by the research team and evaluated by an expert panel including two nurse leaders of gynaecological cancer, one doctor specialised in cervical cancer, and one medical director in a local rural hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Janet W. H. Sit
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Tingxuan Wang
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Carmen W. H. Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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Damtie S, Legese B, Berhan A, Kiros T, Eyayu T, Mihrete K, Taklual W. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening and its associated risk factors among family planning service users at Debre Tabor town health facilities, North Central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231208654. [PMID: 38020799 PMCID: PMC10657534 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231208654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fourth most common cancer in women worldwide is cervical cancer. Over 87% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in developing nations. One of the risks of developing cervical cancer is the use of oral contraceptives. However, there is limited evidence on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening among family planning service users in Ethiopia. Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among family planning service users. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2023. A total of 816 participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EPI Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results Overall, 42.5%, 36.6%, and 20.1% of the participants had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and practiced cervical cancer screening, respectively. Being single (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.39, 95% confidence intervals: 1.15-6.26), having college or university level of education (AOR = 8.03, 95% confidence intervals: 3.45-19.23), having a family history of cervical cancer (AOR = 3.14, 95% confidence intervals: 1.82-8.84), and having a source of information from the media (AOR = 1.74, 95% confidence intervals: 1.09-2.54) were significantly associated with good knowledge of cervical cancer screening. Women who were aged 15-23 years (AOR = 5.62, 95% confidence intervals: 2.76-14.56), had college- or university-level education (AOR = 3.69, 95% confidence intervals: 1.65-8.22), and had good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR = 4.71, 95% confidence intervals: 3.08-7.55) were significantly associated with a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening. An earlier age of first sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.0, 95% confidence intervals: 3.80-9.20) and good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR = 1.52, 1.21-5.82) were positively associated with good practice of cervical cancer screening. Women who attended high school were negatively associated with good practice in cervical cancer screening (AOR = 0.46, 0.23-0.73). Conclusion Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical cancer screening were low. As a result, during patient visits for care delivery, healthcare providers should inform and educate patients about cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shewaneh Damtie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Berhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Teklehaimanot Kiros
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir Eyayu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Kefiyalew Mihrete
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Taklual
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Misgun T, Demissie DB. Knowledge, practice of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among women police members of Addis Ababa police commission Ethiopia. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:961. [PMID: 37817082 PMCID: PMC10566075 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a public health problem. It is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide and the second leading cause of female cancer-related deaths. Cervical cancer screening enables the detection of abnormal cervical cells, including precancerous cervical lesions, as well as early-stage cervical cancer. Routine cervical screening has been shown to reduce both the incidence and mortality of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among women police members at Addis Ababa police commission Ethiopia 2022. METHOD An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Addis Ababa police commission in the Lidet Sub-city police department from December 1st to January 30th, 2022. The data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire from 361 randomly selected police officers. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software in descriptive statistics, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with the outcome variable at PV = 0.05 with an AOR and 95% CI. RESULTS The complete response rate was 97.57% (361/371). This found that 59.5% of the total study participants were aged between 18 and 29 years old, and 47.3% were married in marital status. This study determined knowledge status of police commission towards cervical cancer screening revealed that 183(49.5%) had good knowledge, with identified factors which increases likelihood of good knowledge were attitude [AOR = 2.03, 95%CI;( 1.25-3.3)] and cervical cancer screening practice [AOR = 2.0, 95%CI (1.15-3.53)] respectively. This is determined the prevalence of cervical cancer screening practice was 68(18.4%)with 95% CI(14.3-22.4) with identified factors which increases likelihood of cervical cancer screening practice were age, [AOR = 3.24, 95% CI;( 1.08-9.75)], marital status [AOR = 3.88,95%CI,(1.55-9.73)] monthly income [AOR = 4.82,95%CI;(1.44-16.12)],religion[AOR = 8.65,95%CI,( 1.65-45.46)] and knowledge [AOR = 2.35,95%CI;( 1.22-4.52)] respectively. The main reason reported for not practice of cervical cancer screening was feeling healthy. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study identified that the knowledge status of female police commissioners were poor and practice of cervical cancer screening were found to be very low. Some of the factors associated with the cervical cancer screening practice were age, marital status, monthly income and knowledge of the women. In addition, feeling being health was associated poor practice of cervical cancer screening. To alleviate this problem the health authorities at different level of the health system should take massive awareness creation activities through various communication channels about screening service prepare screening campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangut Misgun
- Santé Medical College School of Public Health Department of Reproductive Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Özdemir Ü, Kartın PT, Kalyoncuo S. Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards Cancer, Cancer Prevention, and Early Diagnosis Behaviors Among Cancer Patient Relatives. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:639-662. [PMID: 37758957 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Attitudes towards cancer may affect the cancer prevention behaviors of cancer patients' relatives and their participation in cancer screening. Knowing the factors affecting attitudes will shed light on the education programs to be planned to encourage individuals to gain a positive attitude towards cancer and positive health behaviors in cancer prevention. Determining the behaviors towards cancer prevention and cancer screening, identifying reasons that prevent participation in cancer screening, determining the factors associated with the attitudes of cancer patients' relatives towards cancer, determining the factors affecting their attitudes towards cancer of cancer patients' relatives, can increase the awareness of healthcare professionals and patient relatives on the subject. The aim of the present study was to determine cancer prevention and early diagnosis behavior and the factors affecting the attitudes of towards cancer of cancer patient relatives. The descriptive and analytical study was completed with 321 relatives of cancer patients. The data were collected by the face-to-face interview method. The interview was conducted in a quiet place, alone with the participant, using a clear and simple language, allowing people to speak freely, and avoiding criticism and evaluation. About half of the participants smoked (49.5%), many did not do regular physical activity (67.3%) or protect themselves from the sun (77.3%), and only 10.9% had regular screening tests. The reasons for not having a screening test were ignorance, disregard, lack of complaints, and fear. Acording to binary logistic regression analysis, the determinants included factors of negative attitudes toward cancer with the age of the patient (Exp(β): 1.024), low education level (Exp(β): 2.572), being the child (Exp(β): 8.484) or sibling (Exp(β): 8.801) of the patient, not being protected from the sun (Exp(β): 2.063), and not doing physical activity (Exp(β): 1.744). Even for those having positive health behaviors, such as not smoking (Exp(β): 2.008) and using sun protection (Exp(β): 2.280), the attitudes towards cancer were negative for the Impossible to Recover sub-dimension. Cancer prevention behaviors and regular participation in cancer screening of cancer patients' relatives were very low. It was determined that low education level, increasing age of the patient, and the degree of relation to the patient negatively affected attitudes towards cancer, and that there was a need for education. We believe that the results of the present study will contribute to evidence-based practice for cancer prevention and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Özdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Tekinsoy Kartın
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Servet Kalyoncuo
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey
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Duru G, Topatan S. A barrier to participation in cervical cancer screenings: fatalism. Women Health 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37303197 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2223698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant disease affecting women's health in terms of its incidence and is one of the most preventable cancers. However, participation in early cervical cancer-screening programs has been unsatisfactory for various reasons. In this descriptive, relationship-seeking study, we examined the relationship between fatalism tendency, an individual barrier to participation in early cancer screening programs, and women's attitudes toward the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and undergoing the Pap smear test. Research data were collected between August 1, 2019 and December 1, 2019, in a city in northern Turkey from 602 women using a participant information form, the Attitudes Toward Early Diagnosis in Cervical Cancer Scale, and the Fatalism Tendency Scale. We found that fatalistic tendencies in women were a predictor of their attitudes toward the early diagnosis of cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR] = -0.64, β = .47, p < .001) and undergoing the Pap smear test (OR = 1.01, β = -.15, p < .001). Women with high fatalism tendencies had a more negative attitude toward the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and their participation rate in Pap smear screening programs was low. Therefore, nurses must consider women's fatalistic tendencies and attitudes toward cancer when organizing educational and informational programs that encourage participation in cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökcem Duru
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Serap Topatan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ramathebane MM, Sooro MA, Kabuya RM, Sayed AR. Knowledge and attitudes relating to cervical and breast cancer among women in Maseru, Lesotho. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e8. [PMID: 36546486 PMCID: PMC9772699 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has remained one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In Lesotho, breast and cervical cancers contribute about 43% of all the cancer cases annually. AIM This study is aimed at comparing knowledge, attitudes, and practices between breast and cervical cancers among females in Maseru. SETTINGS This study consists of women residing in five study sites which have clinics that offer cervical and breast cancer-screening services. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021 in Maseru, the Capital city of Lesotho. The participants were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire, through which their knowledge, practices about, and attitudes towards breast and cervical cancers were assessed. RESULTS A total of 228 women aged 15-75 years participated in the study and the majority were aged 30 years and above. Of the women interviewed for cervical cancer, 89.5% had heard of it, 11.8% had heard of its screening, and 7.4% had at least one examination. Similarly, for breast cancer, 77.6% of women who had heard of it, 72.9% had heard of screening, and 40.1% of women did at least one examination. CONCLUSION The majority of women were more knowledgeable about cervical cancer than breast cancer. However, more women had heard about breast cancer screening than cervical cancer screening. Therefore, there is a need for awareness campaigns related to cervical cancers' screening.Contribution: There is an urgent need to intensify awareness about cervical and breast cancer screening and availability of services at the nearby clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maseabata M. Ramathebane
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Mopa A. Sooro
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho
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Dhoj Shrestha A, Gyawali B, Shrestha A, Shrestha S, Neupane D, Ghimire S, Campbell C, Kallestrup P. Effect of a female community health volunteer-delivered intervention to increase cervical cancer screening uptake in Nepal: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101948. [PMID: 36161136 PMCID: PMC9501993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial. An FCHV-delivered intervention increased cervical cancer screening uptake. Screening uptake among women aged 30–60 years in a semi-urban area of Nepal.
This study aimed to assess the effect of Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV)-delivered intervention to increase cervical cancer screening uptake among Nepalese women. A community-based, open-label, 2-group, cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) was conducted in a semi-urban setting in Western Nepal. Fourteen clusters (1:1) were randomly assigned to the intervention group, which received a 12-month intervention delivered by FCHVs or the control group (usual care). Between April and June 2019, 690 women aged 30–60 years were recruited for CRCT during the baseline survey. A follow-up assessment was conducted after the completion of the 12 months intervention. The primary outcome was the change in cervical cancer screening from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Of 690 women, 646 women completed the trial. 254 women in the intervention group and 385 women in the control group were included in the primary outcome analysis. There was a significant increase in cervical cancer screening uptake in the intervention group [relative risk (RR), 1.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.32, 1.66; P < 0.01)], compared to the control group. The secondary outcome was the change in median knowledge score among women that increased from 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1–4] (baseline) to 6 [IQR 3–9] (follow-up) in the intervention group. However, the median knowledge score remained almost the same among women in the control group 2 [IQR 1–5] to 3 [IQR 2–5]. Our study findings reported that an FCHV-delivered intervention significantly increased cervical cancer screening uptake among women living in a semi-urban setting in Nepal. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03808064.
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Arslan HN, Oruc MA. Results from a cervical cancer screening program in Samsun, Turkey. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 35927723 PMCID: PMC9354280 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. This study aimed to share the results of the national cervical cancer screening program performed in primary health care institutions in Samsun between 2015 and 2019. Methods Women aged 30–65 years who were screened for cervical cancer in screening centers of Samsun between January 01, 2015, and December 31, 2019, were included in this descriptive study. The data were obtained from the automation program of the “National Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Laboratory Application” used by the Provincial Directorate of Health Cancer Unit through filtering the completion time of the tests, and all results were evaluated without sampling. Thus, data were presented using descriptive statistics. Results The mean age of 89,302 women included in the cervical cancer screening program was 45.9 ± 9.0 years. Of the samples obtained from the participants, 1.0% were determined as insufficient material, 94.1% as HPV-negative, and 4.9% as HPV-positive. The most common HPV genotypes were 16, 51, 31, and 52. Of the 4337 HPV-positive women, 74.7% of the pap smear results were negative (including infection, 36.5%), and the most common premalignant lesions were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 7.1% and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 6.9%. HPV 16/18 was also observed in 31.7% of HPV-positive women. Seven hundred ninety-five women were referred to a specialist physician for further examination and treatment within the scope of the screening algorithm. Conclusion Detecting HPV-positivity by reaching more women within the national cervical cancer screening program’s scope is vital in fighting against this disease. The effectiveness of cancer screening programs should be increased by ensuring community participation through awareness activities.
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Muhaidat N, Alshrouf MA, Alshajrawi RN, Miqdadi ZR, Amro R, Rabab’ah AO, Qatawneh SA, Albandi AM, Fram K. Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Refugees in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071343. [PMID: 35885869 PMCID: PMC9322376 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is mainly linked to infection with a high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), with 85% of deaths occurring in developing countries. Refugees are less likely to be aware of screening methods and to have routine gynecological examinations. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving a total of 359 women aged 19–64 living in the Jerash camp in Jordan. Data were collected using a carefully developed and validated questionnaire. Results: A total of 359 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 38.99 ± 10.53. Participants demonstrated fair knowledge of CC risk factors (4.77 ± 2.85 out of 11). Among the participants, 73.5% had heard of the cervical smear test; however, only 12.8% had actually undergone the test, with a mean total number of smear tests performed of 1.48 ± 0.79 and the mean age at the time of the first test was 32.5 ± 7.89. Conclusions: Refugee women have a fair level of knowledge of CC risk factors but are unmotivated to have a Pap smear test to screen for CC. Efforts should be made to raise awareness about the issue and promote testing for underrepresented women in refugee camps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Muhaidat
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +962-79-838-5775 (N.M.); +962-78-686-0770 (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad A. Alshrouf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +962-79-838-5775 (N.M.); +962-78-686-0770 (M.A.A.)
| | - Roaa N. Alshajrawi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Zeina R. Miqdadi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Raghad Amro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak 61710, Jordan; (R.A.); (S.A.Q.)
| | | | - Serena A. Qatawneh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak 61710, Jordan; (R.A.); (S.A.Q.)
| | - Alaa M. Albandi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Kamil Fram
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.N.A.); (Z.R.M.); (A.M.A.); (K.F.)
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Shrestha AD, Andersen JG, Gyawali B, Shrestha A, Shrestha S, Neupane D, Ghimire S, Campbell C, Kallestrup P. Cervical cancer screening utilization, and associated factors, in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2022; 210:16-25. [PMID: 35863158 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically appraise the existing published literature on cervical cancer screening utilization, and associated barriers and facilitators, in Nepal. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and, Google Scholar were systematically searched using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. All quantitative and qualitative studies reporting cervical cancer screening (using the Pap smear test or visual inspection with acetic acid or human papillomavirus test) utilization, barriers, and facilitators for screening were identified. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate Nepal's pooled cervical cancer screening utilization proportion. RESULTS The search yielded 97 records, of which 17 studies were included. Fifteen studies were quantitative and two were qualitative. Of the 17 studies, six were hospital-based and six were community-based. The pooled cervical cancer screening utilization proportion (using Pap smear test) among Nepalese women was 17% from the studies in the hospital settings, and 16% in the community. Six studies reported barriers to cervical cancer screening, of which four reported embarrassments related to the gynecological examination and a low level of knowledge on cervical cancer. Three (of four) studies reported health personnel, and two studies reported screening services-related facilitators for cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSION Our review reported that cervical cancer screening utilization (16%) is more than four times lower than the national target (70%) in Nepal. Multiple barriers such as low levels of knowledge and embarrassment are associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Health personnel's gender, counseling, and privacy of screening services were commonly reported facilitators. These findings could help to inform future research, and policy efforts to increase cervical cancer screening utilization in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Shrestha
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal.
| | - J G Andersen
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - B Gyawali
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Shrestha
- Department of Public Health and Community Programs, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Implementation Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Shrestha
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D Neupane
- COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Ghimire
- Nepal Cancer Care Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - C Campbell
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - P Kallestrup
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Omoyeni O, Tsoka-Gwegweni J. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among rural women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:188. [PMID: 36212930 PMCID: PMC9508371 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.188.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION cervical cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the developing world. Despite the national cervical cancer screening programme, findings show low levels of knowledge and practices of cervical cancer screening among rural women in South Africa (SA). The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among rural women in KwaZulu-Natal, SA. METHODS an observational cross-sectional study was performed. The study was conducted at three rural clinics. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 283 women, aged 18-65 years. Data were collected using a standardised structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS findings showed a high level of awareness of cervical cancer (93.3%, n=264) and the Pap smear test (95.1%, n=269). Knowledge of cervical cancer-associated factors, symptoms, screening methods and treatment was poor (28.0%, n=79). An overwhelming majority (81.8%, n=231) displayed a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening. The practice of cervical cancer screening was fairly good (66.8%, n=189). The results showed that socio-demographics were not statistically significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSION despite the inadequate knowledge of women, attitudes towards cervical cancer and screening were generally positive. Health care practitioners are encouraged to focus not only on creating awareness but also on improving knowledge so as women will not only undergo screening but appreciate the importance of cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Omoyeni
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Joyce Tsoka-Gwegweni
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa,,Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa,Corresponding author: Joyce Tsoka-Gwegweni, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Zhang M, Sit JWH, Chan DNS, Akingbade O, Chan CWH. Educational Interventions to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116874. [PMID: 35682457 PMCID: PMC9180749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The urban-rural gap in cervical cancer screening uptake is a significant public health consideration. Educational interventions are commonly adopted to promote cervical cancer screening among females in rural areas; however, the characteristics and effectiveness of these educational interventions remain unclear. In this review, we aimed to identify the characteristics of educational interventions used in rural populations and to evaluate the effects of these interventions on cervical cancer screening-related outcomes. Seven English databases were searched in January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies were used for quality appraisal. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted in instances where a meta-analysis was inappropriate. Three RCTs and seven quasi-experimental studies conducted in six countries were included. A social cognitive theory-based framework, the community setting, group sessions, healthcare professional-led approaches, and culture-tailored materials were implemented in the educational interventions for cervical cancer screening. The educational content mainly included basic information on cervical cancer screening, psychological issues, barriers and strategies to overcome them, and locally available resources. Educational interventions increased the knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer screening in the rural population. However, the studies only evaluated the short-term effects of these educational interventions, with the cervical screening behavior only being assessed in one instance for each participant. Educational interventions promote cervical cancer screening among females in rural areas. Theory-driven, community-involved, group-based, and healthcare professional-led approaches should be prioritized in the application of educational interventions in rural populations. Both the short- and long-term, influences of educational interventions on the cervical cancer screening behavior of females in rural areas need to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Janet W H Sit
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dorothy Ngo Sheung Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Oluwadamilare Akingbade
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Carmen W H Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Indonesian urban communities regarding HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266139. [PMID: 35552546 PMCID: PMC9098048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies explored Indonesian understanding of cervical cancer (CC) and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. We aimed to investigate the association between knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and socio-demographical influences related to HPV, CC, and vaccination among Indonesian urban citizens. Methods We conducted an online survey during March 2020-August 2021 using the Snowball sampling technique. The socio-demographic characteristic and KAP responses were collected via Google Forms from 400 respondents in Jakarta. The knowledge and attitudes were divided into HPV and CC (aspect 1) and HPV vaccination (aspect 2). Correlation between KAP scores was performed using Spearman’s test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine KAP predictors. Results Indonesian urban citizens in Jakarta were found to have poor knowledge in individual aspects of the inquiry but moderate knowledge overall, good attitude in inquiry both in each aspect and overall, and unsatisfying practices. Overall, in the general population, men, and women respectively: 50.8%, 32.4%, and 53.6% had good knowledge; 82.0%, 75.2%, and 84.4% expressed positive attitude; and 30.3%, 15.2%, and 35.6% applied favorable practice regarding questions inquired. Knowledge was weakly correlated towards attitude (ρ = 0.385) but moderately correlated with practice (ρ = 0.485); attitude was moderately correlated with practice (ρ = 0.577), all results: p<0.001. Significant odds ratio (OR) for predictors to good knowledge were female sex (OR = 2.99), higher education (OR = 2.91), and higher mother’s education (OR = 2.15). Factors related to positive attitudes were higher mother’s education (OR = 4.13), younger age (OR = 1.86), and better results in the knowledge inquiries (OR = 2.96). Factors that suggested better practices were female sex (OR = 2.33), being employed (OR = 1.68), excellent knowledge scores (OR = 4.56), and positive attitudes expressions (OR = 8.05). Having done one vaccination dose and intention to receive vaccines were significantly influenced by good KAP. Conclusions KAP had inter-association to successful CC and HPV prevention programs, and socio-demographical characteristics are critical to influencing better KAP.
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Gebisa T, Bala ET, Deriba BS. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Attending Health Facilities in Central Ethiopia. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221076680. [PMID: 35315704 PMCID: PMC8943579 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221076680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, cervical cancer ranked as the second leading cause of female
cancer and also stands as the most common cancer among women aged from 15 to
44 years old. Hence, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and
practice toward cervical cancer screening among women attending health
facilities in central Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 study
participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered
questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EPI data 3.1 and
exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Binary and multivariate logistic
regressions were used to identify factors associated with knowledge,
attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening. Odds ratio (OR) with
95% CI and a P-value < .05 were used to declare
statistical significance. Results Half, 50.7% of study participants had good knowledge. Less than half, 46.1%
had a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening. Only 6.3% of women
have been screened for cervical cancer. Diploma and above education (AOR:
2.22, 95% CI: 1.32, 6.157), no idea about cervical cancer curable at an
early stage (AOR: 6.23, 95% CI: 6.23 (2.77, 15.13) were significantly
associated with knowledge of cervical cancer screening. Diploma and above
education (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.74) and multiple sexual partners (AOR:
0.18, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62) were factors associated with a negative attitude
toward cervical cancer screening. Positive attitude about cervical cancer
screening (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.20) was significantly associated with
the practice of being screened. Conclusions Cervical cancer screening knowledge and attitudes were moderate, but practice
was low. Educational status, considering cervical cancer is not curable at
an early stage and not having an idea about its curability at an early
stage, was significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer
screening. Sexual partner status and educational status showed significant
association with an attitude toward cervical cancer screening and having a
positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening were significantly
associated with the practice of cervical cancer screening. Health
professionals need to disseminate cervical cancer screening information and
offer cervical cancer treatment during health-care appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulu Gebisa
- Department of Public Health, Oromia Regional Health Bureau West Shewa Zonal Health Office, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Teferi Bala
- Department of Public Health, 361570Ambo University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Senbeta Deriba
- Department of Public Health, 576981Salale University College of Health Sciences, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Shrestha AD, Gyawali B, Shrestha A, Shrestha S, Neupane D, Ghimire S, Campbell C, Kallestrup P. Knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:73-81. [PMID: 34871200 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer continues to be a global public health concern and a leading cause of cancer deaths among Nepalese women. In spite of the availability of screening and treatment services in Nepal, the utilization of screening has been low. This study investigated knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in a semi-urban area of Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 729 women 30-60 years of age, between April and June 2019. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling, and a door-to-door home visit was conducted for data collection. A pretested interviewer-administered Nepali questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic variables, knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding cervical cancer screening. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 45.9 years (SD ±7.7); the majority were married (86.7%). Among the participants, 44.9% were ever screened for cervical cancer. However, only 10.4% of participants received timely repeated screening for cervical cancer. The median knowledge score achieved by participants was 2.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 1-4] on a scale of maximum score 36, the median attitude score was 31.0 (IQR 29-32) on a scale of 40 and the median preventive practice score was 3.0 (IQR 3-4) on a scale of five. CONCLUSION This study showed low knowledge and low utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal. We recommend a community-based educational intervention to educate and empower women to increase knowledge and utilization of cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod Dhoj Shrestha
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
- COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Per Kallestrup
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Niyonsenga G, Gishoma D, Sego R, Uwayezu MG, Nikuze B, Fitch M, Igiraneza PC. Connaissances, utilisation et obstacles liés au dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans des hôpitaux de district de Kigali, au Rwanda. Can Oncol Nurs J 2021; 31:275-284. [PMID: 34395830 DOI: 10.5737/23688076313275284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Contexte Dans le monde, le cancer du col utérin arrive au troisième rang des cancers les plus fréquents chez les femmes, mais il passe au deuxième rang en Afrique orientale, où se trouve le Rwanda. Le dépistage périodique est un moyen de prévention efficace. Malgré cela, en Afrique, on estime que le taux de dépistage de ce cancer se situe entre 10 et 70 %. Plusieurs facteurs entravent le dépistage, surtout en Afrique subsaharienne. Au Rwanda, on recense peu d'écrits sur l'utilisation des services de dépistage et les facteurs nuisant au dépistage du cancer du col utérin. Objectif Évaluer les connaissances sur le dépistage du cancer du col utérin qu'ont les femmes fréquentant les hôpitaux de district de Kigali (au Rwanda), recenser l'utilisation de ce service et déterminer les obstacles qui empêchent d'y recourir. Méthodologie Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée, et les données ont été collectées au moyen d'un questionnaire structuré. Des questions nominales de type « oui ou non » ont mis en lumière les connaissances des femmes sur le cancer du col utérin et l'utilisation des services de dépistage. Pour cerner les obstacles au dépistage, nous avons utilisé des questions de type « échelle de Likert ». Ces données ont ensuite fait l'objet d'une analyse statistique descriptive et déductive. La sélection des répondantes s'est faite par échantillonnage aléatoire systématique depuis la base de données des patientes fréquentant les services gynécologiques de trois hôpitaux de district de Kigali (Rwanda). Résultats Au total, 329 femmes ont répondu au sondage. La moitié d'entre elles (n = 165) connaissaient bien le dépistage du cancer du col utérin. Le pourcentage de dépistage se situe à 28,3 %. Nous avons décelé un lien entre l'utilisation du dépistage et une bonne connaissance du sujet (P = 0,000, r = -0,392) ainsi que certains facteurs démographiques (P = 0,000). Parmi les obstacles qui concourent à restreindre l'accès au dépistage, nous avons relevé des obstacles individuels (méconnaissance de l'existence des services de dépistage), géographiques (milieu rural) et liés au système de santé et aux prestataires de soins (campagnes de sensibilisation déficientes, attitudes négatives des prestataires de soins envers les patientes et longs délais d'attente). Conclusion Dans les hôpitaux de district étudiés de Kigali (Rwanda), on constate un faible pourcentage de dépistage du cancer du col utérin causé par plusieurs obstacles. Il est donc fortement recommandé d'engager une campagne d'information permanente sur ce cancer et son dépistage. Enfin, il est crucial que les prestataires de soins qualifiés encouragent les femmes à se soumettre au dépistage, et qu'ils s'efforcent de réduire les obstacles qui s'y rattachent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darius Gishoma
- École de sciences infirmières et pratique sagefemme, Université du Rwanda, Collège de médecine et de sciences de la santé, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Ruth Sego
- Collège des sciences infirmières Rory Meyers, Université de New York, New York, États-Unis et Faculté des sciences infirmières Bloomberg, Université de Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie Goretti Uwayezu
- École de sciences infirmières et pratique sage-femme, Université du Rwanda, Collège de médecine et de sciences de la santé, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Bellancille Nikuze
- École de sciences infirmières et pratique sagefemme, Université du Rwanda, Collège de médecine et de sciences de la santé, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Margaret Fitch
- École de sciences infirmières et pratique sagefemme, Université du Rwanda, Collège de médecine et de sciences de la santé, Kigali, Rwanda
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Huang RL, Liu Q, Wang YX, Zou JY, Hu LF, Wang W, Huang YH, Wang YZ, Zeng B, Zeng X, Zeng Y. Awareness, attitude and barriers of colorectal cancer screening among high-risk populations in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045168. [PMID: 34253663 PMCID: PMC8276297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the awareness, attitude and barriers of colorectal cancer screening among high-risk populations in China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was employed. SETTING This study was conducted in nine hospitals in Hunan province, China. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with a high-risk for colorectal cancer were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge, attitude towards colorectal cancer screening, sociodemographic factors associated with screening knowledge and behaviour and barriers of colorectal cancer screening. RESULTS This study included 684 participants. The mean knowledge score was 11.86/24 (SD 4.84). But over 70% of them held a positive attitude towards screening. Only 13.3% had undergone colorectal cancer screening. Independent factors related to knowledge were education level of college or above, working as a white collar, higher income, having health insurance, having seen a doctor in the past year and with a high perceived risk (p<0.05). Factors independently associated with screening behaviour included personal history of colorectal disease, having seen a doctor in the past year, previous discussion of colorectal cancer screening, high perceived risk and better knowledge (p<0.05). Main reasons for not undergoing screening were no symptoms or discomfort (71.1%), never having thought of the disease or screening (67.4%) and no doctor advised me (29.8%). CONCLUSION In China, the majority of high-risk people had deficient knowledge and had never undergone colorectal cancer screening. But most of them held a positive attitude towards the benefits of colorectal cancer screening. This has promising implications to design targeted educational campaigns and establish screening programmes to improve colorectal cancer awareness and screening participation. Healthcare professionals should advise high-risk individuals to participate in screening and inform them about cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lin Huang
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Xin Wang
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zou
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Feng Hu
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Hengyang No.8 High School, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of International and Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Niyonsenga G, Gishoma D, Sego R, Uwayezu MG, Nikuze B, Fitch M, Igiraneza PC. Knowledge, utilization and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali - Rwanda. Can Oncol Nurs J 2021; 31:266-274. [PMID: 34395829 DOI: 10.5737/23688076313266274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer attacking women globally, and the second in Eastern Africa where Rwanda is located. Regular screening is an effective prevention approach for cervical cancer. Despite that, the screening rate for cervical cancer in Africa is estimated between 10% and 70%, with a number of barriers. This is especially the case in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, there is limited literature on the rate of use of screening services or the barriers to cervical screening. Objective To assess knowledge, utilization, and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Nominal 'yes' or 'no' questions were used to gather data on knowledge and utilisation of cervical cancer and its screening. Likert-type scale questions were used to identify different barriers to screening services. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from the database of women attending gynaecology services at three district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Results Three hundred and twenty-nine women responded to the survey. Half of the respondents (n = 165) had high knowledge level scores on cervical cancer screening. The cervical cancer screening rate was 28.3%. Utilization of screening was associated with knowledge (P = 0.000, r = -0.392) and selected demographic factors (P = 0.000). Individual barriers included poor knowledge on availability of screening services, community barriers included living in a rural area, and health provider and systems barriers included lack of awareness campaigns, negative attitudes of healthcare providers toward clients, and long waiting times; all barriers limit the access to screening services. Conclusion A low rate of cervical cancer screening was identified for women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali-Rwanda due to various barriers. On-going education on cervical cancer and its screening is highly recommended. It is important that trained health providers encourage their clients to have cervical cancer screening and work to reduce related barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darius Gishoma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Ruth Sego
- Rory Meyer's College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA and the Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie Goretti Uwayezu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Bellancille Nikuze
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Margaret Fitch
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
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Shokri Jamnani A, Rezapour A, Moradi N, Langarizadeh M. Willingness to pay for and acceptance of cervical cancer prevention methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:81. [PMID: 34291005 PMCID: PMC8285557 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Willingness to pay (WTP) for and acceptance of cervical cancer prevention (CCP) methods have an important role in the control of this type of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the WTP and acceptance of CCP methods with the contingent valuation method (CVM). Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the required information was collected by searching relevant keywords in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and their Persian equivalent in the Scientific Information Database (SID) and Elmnet databases during January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2020. All studies that reported the WTP and CCP methods with the CVM in English or Persian were included. The reporting quality of studies was assessed by strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA: 2) software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The content analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis. Results: Finally, 28 articles (with 49610 people) were included in the study. Most of the participants were women (35.7%). The HPV vaccine was the most common method of prevention (75%). The overall acceptance rate was 64% and the overall positive WTP rate was 66%. The average WTP was US$30.44, which accounts for about 0.84% of GDP per capita. The most significant effective factors included income, age, education, high-risk sexual behaviors, and awareness of cervical cancer, belief in the risk of cervical cancer, and belief about the effectiveness of prevention methods. The cost was the most important reason for the unwillingness to pay and accept. Conclusion: Results show that the WTP and acceptance rate of CCP methods are relatively high. It is recommended to reduce the cost of prevention methods, especially the HPV vaccine, and to increase awareness and improve the attitude of people. Also, it is recommended to consider other methods of estimation of WTP and other cancers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Shokri Jamnani
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Langarizadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mubin N, Bin Abdul Baten R, Jahan S, Zohora FT, Chowdhury NM, Faruque GM. Cancer related knowledge, attitude, and practice among community health care providers and health assistants in rural Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33653315 PMCID: PMC7927368 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains one of the primary causes of death in Bangladesh. The success of cancer control in rural areas depends on the ability of the health care system and workforce to identify and manage cases properly at early stages. Community Health Workers (CHW) can play a vital role in this process. The present study aims to assess cancer related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) among 2 categories of CHWs - Community Health Care Providers (CHCP) and Health Assistants (HA) in rural Bangladesh. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire from July 2019 to June 2020. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to determine the sample. One Upazilla Health Complex (UHC) from each of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh were randomly chosen as study sites, from which 325 CHCPs and HAs were in the final sample. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine the association between KAP scores and demographic variables. RESULTS Our study shows that a modest number of respondents scored above average in the knowledge (54.15%), attitude (58.15%), and practice (65.54%) sections. Majority CHCPs (90.91%) and HAs (96.06%) did not receive govt. training on cancer. Only 20.71% HAs and 25.2% CHCPs knew about the availability of cancer treatment options in Bangladesh. Uncertainty about the availability of relevant treatments or vaccinations at public facilities was also high. Having cancer in the family, income, duration of employment and workplace locations were important predictors of cancer related KAP scores. CONCLUSION Healthcare workforce's knowledge gap and unfavorable attitude towards cancer may result in poor delivery of care at the rural level. For many people in rural areas, CHCPs and HAs are the first point of contact with the healthcare system and thus effective cancer control strategies must consider them as key stakeholders. Targeted training programs must be adopted to address the cancer related KAP gaps among CHCPs and HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazirum Mubin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naim Mahmud Chowdhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chhattogram International Dental College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Ghosh S, Mallya SD, Shetty RS, Pattanshetty SM, Pandey D, Kabekkodu SP, Satyamoorthy K, Kamath VG. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Cervical Cancer and its Screening Among Women from Tribal Population: a Community-Based Study from Southern India. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:88-93. [PMID: 32333376 PMCID: PMC7853713 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer continues to be a leading cancer among women in India. Despite availability of various screening techniques, majority of Indian women remain unscreened for cancer cervix. The increasing incidence could be attributed to the lack of awareness regarding cervical cancer screening and paucity of organized screening facilities in the country. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards cervical cancer screening among tribal women of coastal Karnataka, southern India. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1140 women aged 20-65 years from three tribes. Information on their KAP towards cervical cancer screening was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 10.1 years. Although 82.9% of the participants reported to have heard of cervical cancer, 51% were aware that the disease could be prevented, and only 2.3% knew that it can be detected at an early stage. Over 75% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. However, majority of them (99.9%) had a favourable attitude towards cervical cancer screening. None of them had undergone cervical cancer screening prior to the study. The knowledge scores were significantly associated with age group, marital status, education level, socioeconomic status and tribal community of the participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall knowledge regarding cervical cancer among the surveyed women was poor, though they exhibited a positive attitude. This calls for a sustained health education and screening program to create awareness and improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening among these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sneha D Mallya
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ranjitha S Shetty
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Centre for Indigenous Population, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sanjay M Pattanshetty
- Department of Health Policy, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Veena G Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Shrestha AD, Neupane D, Ghimire S, Campbell C, Kallestrup P. Community-based intervention for cervical cancer screening uptake in a semi-urban area of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal (COBIN-C): study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:94. [PMID: 33499911 PMCID: PMC7836185 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggest that health intervention designed to increase cervical cancer screening has been effective to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a home-based health education intervention for increasing cervical cancer screening uptake delivered by trained female community health volunteers (FCHVs), a category of community health worker in Nepal. Methods A community-based, open-label, two-armed, cluster-randomized trial [seven clusters (geographical wards) randomized for the intervention, and seven for the control arm]. The participants are recruited from a population-based survey with a sample size of 884. Based on population proportion size, 277 women will be recruited for the intervention group and 413 women recruited for the control group. A 12-month community-based health education intervention will be administered mobilizing the FCHVs, based on the Health Belief Model. The primary outcome measure of the study will be the difference in percentage of cervical cancer screening uptake between the two study arms. The primary outcomes will be modeled by using mixed-effect logistic regression analysis. Discussion COBIN-C is the first study investigating the effect of a community-based health education intervention by FCHVs on increasing cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Nepal. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a home-based, culturally sensitive program to increase cervical cancer screening coverage at the community level. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03808064. Registered on January 14, 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05049-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod Dhoj Shrestha
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal.
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Per Kallestrup
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Maharjan M, Thapa N, Panthi D, Maharjan N, Petrini MA, Jiong Y. Health beliefs and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:1084-1093. [PMID: 32918538 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The health beliefs and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in the mountainous and Terai region of Nepal were investigated and examined for the differences. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a purposive sample of 216 in mountainous and 294 in Terai. The interview tools were a socio-demographic scale, a Nepalese Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer followed by the Screening Test. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the screening rate was low for both regions with a significant difference in the benefit of screening and health motivation. Being older and having a positive family history of cervical cancer were shown to be predictors screening practice. Women from both groups preferred female doctors for screening. Culturally appropriate educational interventions focused on the benefits and obstacles of screening is needed to improve the beliefs of cervical cancer and screening and increase the screening rate. Nurses need to be aware of health beliefs regarding cervical cancer during cervical screening and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Maharjan
- HOPE School of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Niresh Thapa
- Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal
| | | | - Narayani Maharjan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yang Jiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Experiences of cervical cancer survivors in Chitwan, Nepal: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234834. [PMID: 33151965 PMCID: PMC7644025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries including Nepal. Though knowledge of cervical cancer is an important determinant of women’s participation in prevention and screening for cervical cancer, little is known about this topic in Nepal. This study explores the experiences of cervical cancer survivors and assesses the attitude of family and community towards it and stigma related to this disease in Bharatpur, Nepal. Methods The study design was qualitative methods involving two focus-group discussions. A total of 17 cervical cancer survivors, who have completed two years of cancer treatment were selected purposively from Chitwan. All qualitative data were transcribed and translated into English and were thematically analyzed. Results The majority of the participants had scant knowledge about cervical cancer, its causative agent, showed less cervical cancer screening, delayed healthcare-seeking behavior despite having persistent symptoms before the diagnosis. The main reasons identified for not uptaking the cervical screening methods were an embarrassment and having no symptoms at all. Most of them endured social stigma related to cervical cancer in the form of physical isolation and verbal abuse. Conclusions There is an urgent need for interventions to make women and the public aware of cervical cancer and launch effective health education campaigns, policies for cervical cancer prevention programs. This implementation can save the lives of hundreds of women and help them avoid going through all the negative experiences related to cervical cancer. More studies are required to gain the perspectives, knowledge, experiences, and attitudes of cervical cancer survivors to add to the research.
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Poudel K, Sumi N. Analyzing Awareness on Risk Factors, Barriers and Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Pairs of Nepali High School Students and Their Mothers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4382. [PMID: 31717567 PMCID: PMC6888144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Providing information on increased cancer risks associated with certain behaviors might encourage adolescents to initiate protective behaviors. This study firstly determined the knowledge of risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer. Secondly, it checked an association between mothers' screening practice and student's knowledge. A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted among 253 pairs of high school students and their mothers. Knowledge on cervical cancer was significantly lower among students and mothers. While cancer screening tests, maintenance of hygiene were considered as major preventive measures for cervical cancer, human papilloma vaccine was the least considered preventive measure. Students who were female, attended discussions on cancer and had a healthy diet had better awareness of cancer. Mothers of female students had better knowledge about cervical cancer than mothers of male students. Less perceived susceptibility and lack of knowledge were major obstacles among mothers, limiting cervical cancer screening to 15%. Although association between knowledge of students and screening practice of mothers was not clear, it was observed that cancer communication increased awareness of cervical cancer in both groups. Our findings showed a strong need for school-based cancer education program to address the issues of human papillomavirus vaccinations, cervical cancer risk and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Poudel
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Naomi Sumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness Among Married Bhutanese Refugee and Nepali Women in Eastern Nepal. J Community Health 2019; 45:516-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tran BX, Vo T, Dang AK, Nguyen QN, Nguyen CT, Hoang CL, Do KN, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Knowledge towards Cervical and Breast Cancers among Industrial Workers: Results from a Multisite Study in Northern Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4301. [PMID: 31694315 PMCID: PMC6862634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast and cervical cancer cases are rising among service and industrial women workers in Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 287 workers in three factories in Hanoi and Bac Ninh from July to September 2018 to describe the knowledge of these cancers among industrial workers in Northern Vietnam using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with knowledge of breast and cervical cancer were identified using generalized linear models (GLM). In our study, approximately one-third of participants believed breast cancer was caused by the lack of breastfeeding, exposure to pollution, and chemicals. Less than 50% knew about sexually transmitted infections that can cause cervical cancer or were aware of a vaccine for cervical cancer. Having one sexual partner within the last year was positively associated with having a higher score of knowledge for both diseases. Receiving a medical checkup within the last 12 months and seeking health information via the internet were related to greater breast cancer knowledge. Targeted education campaigns are needed to ensure proper knowledge and improve awareness of breast cancer and cervical cancer among industrial workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (Q.N.N.); (K.N.D.)
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Tracy Vo
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Anh Kim Dang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (A.K.D.); (C.T.N.)
| | - Quang Nhat Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (Q.N.N.); (K.N.D.)
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (A.K.D.); (C.T.N.)
- UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (A.K.D.); (C.T.N.)
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (C.L.H.); (R.C.M.H.)
| | - Khanh Nam Do
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (Q.N.N.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (C.L.H.); (R.C.M.H.)
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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