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Mohammed OA, Alghamdi M, Adam MIE, BinAfif WF, Alfaifi J, Alamri MMS, Alqarni AA, Alhalafi AH, Bahashwan E, AlQahtani AAJ, Ayed A, Hassan RH, Abdel-Reheim MA, Abdel Mageed SS, Rezigalla AA, Doghish AS. miRNAs dysregulation in ankylosing spondylitis: A review of implications for disease mechanisms, and diagnostic markers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131814. [PMID: 38677679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes, including non-coding RNA, histone modifications, and DNA methylation, play a vital role in connecting the environment to the development of a disorder, especially when there is a favorable genetic background. Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic type of spinal arthritis that highlights the significance of epigenetics in diseases related to autoimmunity and inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in both normal and aberrant pathological and physiological gene expression. This study focuses on the pathophysiological pathways to clarify the role of miRNAs in AS. We have conducted a thorough investigation of the involvement of miRNAs in several processes, including inflammation, the production of new bone, T-cell activity, and the regulation of pathways such as BMP, Wnt, and TGFβ signaling. Undoubtedly, miRNAs play a crucial role in enhancing our comprehension of the pathophysiology of AS, and their promise as a therapeutic strategy is quickly expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushabab Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud I E Adam
- Department of Medical Education and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Fuad BinAfif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Mohammad S Alamri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Alqarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hassan Alhalafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Bahashwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ayed
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania H Hassan
- Dermatology Clinic, Abbasseya Psychiatric Hospital, Abbasseya, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Assad Ali Rezigalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Meng F, Zhu P, Ren X, Wang L, Ding D, Yan J, Zhang Y, Yang SY, Ning B. Cardamonin inhibits osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and alleviates subchondral osteosclerosis in osteoarthritic mice. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38520666 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, and subchondral osteosclerosis is an important pathological change that occurs in its late stages. Cardamonin (CD) is a natural flavonoid isolated from Alpinia katsumadai that has anti-inflammatory activity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of CD in regulating OA subchondral osteosclerosis at in vivo and in vitro settings. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA model, low-dose and high-dose CD treated ACLT-OA model groups. Histological assessment and immunohistochemical examinations for chondrocyte metabolism-related markers metalloproteinase-13, ADAMTS-4, Col II, and Sox-9 were performed. Microcomputed tomography was used to assess the sclerosis indicators in subchondral bone. Further, MC3T3-E1 (a mouse calvarial preosteoblast cell line) cells were treated with various concentrations of CD to reveal the influence and potential molecular pathways of CD in osteogenic differentiations. Animal studies suggested that CD alleviated the pathological changes in OA mice such as maintaining integrity and increasing the thickness of hyaline cartilage, decreasing the thickness of calcified cartilage, decreasing the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score, regulating articular cartilage metabolism, and inhibiting subchondral osteosclerosis. In vitro investigation indicated that CD inhibited alkaline phosphatase expression and production of calcium nodules during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, CD inhibited the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related indicators and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. In conclusion, CD inhibits osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and alleviating subchondral osteosclerosis in a mouse model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanding Meng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengchong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Faculty of Preclinical Medicine, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangbo Yan
- The 3rd Orthopedic Ward, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shang-You Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Deng Y, Phillips K, Feng ZP, Smith PN, Li RW. Aseptic loosening around total joint replacement in humans is regulated by miR-1246 and miR-6089 via the Wnt signalling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:94. [PMID: 38287447 PMCID: PMC10823634 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total joint replacement for osteoarthritis is one of the most successful surgical procedures in modern medicine. However, aseptic loosening continues to be a leading cause of revision arthroplasty. The diagnosis of aseptic loosening remains a challenge as patients are often asymptomatic until the late stages. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been demonstrated to be a useful diagnostic tool and has been successfully used in the diagnosis of other diseases. We aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNA in the plasma of patients with aseptic loosening. METHODS Adult patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic loosening and age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. Samples of bone, tissue and blood were collected, and RNA sequencing was performed in 24 patients with aseptic loosening and 26 controls. Differentially expressed miRNA in plasma was matched to differentially expressed mRNA in periprosthetic bone and tissue. Western blot was used to validate protein expression. RESULTS Seven miRNA was differentially expressed in the plasma of patients with osteolysis (logFC >|2|, adj-P < 0.05). Three thousand six hundred and eighty mRNA genes in bone and 427 mRNA genes in tissue samples of osteolysis patients were differentially expressed (logFC >|2|, adj-P < 0.05). Gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis revealed two miRNA (miR-1246 and miR-6089) had multiple gene targets in the Wnt signalling pathway in the local bone and tissues which regulate bone metabolism. CONCLUSION These results suggest that aseptic loosening may be regulated by miR-1246 and miR-6089 via the Wnt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kate Phillips
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Vimalraj S, Sekaran S. RUNX Family as a Promising Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target in Bone Cancers: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanism(s) behind Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3247. [PMID: 37370857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor runt-related protein (RUNX) family is the major transcription factor responsible for the formation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which are involved in bone formation. Accumulating evidence implicates the RUNX family for its role in tumor biology and cancer progression. The RUNX family has been linked to osteosarcoma via its regulation of many tumorigenicity-related factors. In the regulatory network of cancers, with numerous upstream signaling pathways and its potential target molecules downstream, RUNX is a vital molecule. Hence, a pressing need exists to understand the precise process underpinning the occurrence and prognosis of several malignant tumors. Until recently, RUNX has been regarded as one of the therapeutic targets for bone cancer. Therefore, in this review, we have provided insights into various molecular mechanisms behind the tumorigenic role of RUNX in various important cancers. RUNX is anticipated to grow into a novel therapeutic target with the in-depth study of RUNX family-related regulatory processes, aid in the creation of new medications, and enhance clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhao D, Sun L, Zheng W, Hu J, Zhou B, Wang O, Jiang Y, Xia W, Xing X, Li M. Novel mutation in LRP5 gene cause rare osteosclerosis: cases studies and literature review. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:683-692. [PMID: 36971833 PMCID: PMC10133070 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo study the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene mutations on bone, and to open up our view of LRP5 and Wnt pathways on bone mass regulation. Three patients with increased bone mineral density or thickened bone cortex were included, who were 30-year-old, 22-year-old and 50-year-old men, respectively. The latter two patients were son and father of a same family. The characteristics of bone X-rays were evaluated in detail. Bone turnover markers were detected, such as procollagen type 1 amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen carboxyl terminal peptide (β-CTX). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and proximal femur of the patients. The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to detect pathogenic gene mutations, which were further verified by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, the gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of reported patients with LRP5 gain-of-function mutations were summarized by reviewing the literature. The main characteristics of the first patient were headache, facial paralysis, high BMD (lumbar vertebrae 1–4: 1.877 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.8; total hip: 1.705 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.7), slightly increased P1NP (87.0 ng/mL) and β-CTX (0.761 ng/mL) level, and with thickened bone cortex, especially the cranial vault. The latter two patients showed enlargement of the mandible and enlarged osseous prominence of the tours palatinus. X-rays showed that the bone cortex of skull and long bones were thickened. The bone turnover markers and BMD were normal. All three cases carried novel missense mutations in LRP5 gene, which were mutation in exon 3 (c.586 T > G, p.Trp196Gly) of the first patient, and mutation in exon 20 (c.4240C > A, p.Arg1414Ser) of the latter two patients. Combined with the reported literature, a total of 19 gain-of-function mutations in LRP5 were detected in 113 patients from 33 families. Hotspot mutations included c.724G > A, c.512G > T and c.758C > T. Furthermore, mutations in the exon 3 of LRP5 may cause severe phenotypes. LRP5 gain-of-function mutations can lead to rare autosomal dominant osteosclerosis type Ι (ADO Ι), which was characterized by increased bone mass and thickened bone cortex. In-depth research on the Wnt pathway will be benefit for discovering important mechanisms of bone mass regulation.
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Common Regulators of Lipid Metabolism and Bone Marrow Adiposity in Postmenopausal Women. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of metabolic disorders are associated with a decrease in estradiol (E2) during natural or surgical menopause. Postmenopausal women are prone to excessive fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue due to the loss of E2 via abnormalities in lipid metabolism and serum lipid levels. In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, genes related to energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, such as those encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), are downregulated, leading to increased fat synthesis and lipid metabolite accumulation. The same genes regulate lipid metabolism abnormalities in the bone marrow. In this review, abnormalities in lipid metabolism caused by E2 deficiency were investigated, with a focus on genes able to simultaneously regulate not only skeletal muscle and adipose tissue but also bone metabolism (e.g., genes encoding PGC-1α and ERRα). In addition, the mechanisms through which mesenchymal stem cells lead to adipocyte differentiation in the bone marrow as well as metabolic processes related to bone marrow adiposity, bone loss, and osteoporosis were evaluated, focusing on the loss of E2 and lipid metabolic alterations. The work reviewed here suggests that genes underlying lipid metabolism and bone marrow adiposity are candidate therapeutic targets for bone loss and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Wang X, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang L. Arm race between Rift Valley fever virus and host. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1084230. [PMID: 36618346 PMCID: PMC9813963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an emerging arbovirus within the Phenuiviridae family of Bunyavirales that has potential to cause severe diseases in both humans and livestock. It increases the incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants and leads to clinical manifestations like encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in humans. Upon virus invasion, the innate immune system from the cell or the organism is activated to produce interferon (IFN) and prevent virus proliferation. Meanwhile, RVFV initiates countermeasures to limit antiviral responses at transcriptional and protein levels. RVFV nonstructural proteins (NSs) are the key virulent factors that not only perform immune evasion but also impact the cell replication cycle and has cytopathic effects. In this review, we summarize the innate immunity host cells employ depending on IFN signal transduction pathways, as well as the immune evasion mechanisms developed by RVFV primarily with the inhibitory activity of NSs protein. Clarifying the arms race between host innate immunity and RVFV immune evasion provides new avenues for drug target screening and offers possible solutions to current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
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GAO X, SHEN S, NIU Q, MIAO W, HAN Y, HAO Z, AN N, YANG Y, ZHANG Y, ZHANG H, STOREY KB, CHANG H. Differential bone metabolism and protein expression in mice fed a high-fat diet versus Daurian ground squirrels following natural pre-hibernation fattening. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:1042-1056. [PMID: 36518056 PMCID: PMC9758712 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects on bone metabolism and morphology of pathological obesity induced by excessive fat intake in a non-hibernator (mice) versus healthy obesity due to pre-hibernation fattening in a hibernator (ground squirrels). Kunming mice were fed a high-fat diet to provide a model of pathological obesity (OB group). Daurian ground squirrels fattened naturally in their pre-hibernation season (PRE group) were used as a healthy obesity model. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and three-point bending tests were used to determine the microstructure and mechanical properties of bone. Western blots were used to analyze protein expression levels related to bone metabolism (Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), cathepsin K, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), patched protein homolog 1 (Ptch1), phosphorylated β-catenin (P-β-catenin), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)). Compared with controls, there was no obvious bone loss in the OB mice, and the stiffness of the femur was increased significantly. Compared with summer active squirrels, bone formation was enhanced but the mechanical properties did not change in the PRE group squirrels. In OB mice, western blots showed significantly increased expression levels of all proteins except RunX2, OPG, and Ptch1. PRE ground squirrels showed significantly increased expression of most proteins except OCN and Ptch1, which decreased significantly, and P-β-catenin and OPG, which did not change. In conclusion, for non-hibernating mice, moderate obesity had a certain protective effect on bones, demonstrating two-way regulation, increasing both bone loss and bone formation. For pre-hibernating ground squirrels, the healthy obesity acquired before hibernation had a positive effect on the microstructure of bones, and also enhanced the expression levels of proteins related to bone formation, bone resorption, and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli GAO
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an710069, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Shenyang SHEN
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Qiaohua NIU
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Weilan MIAO
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Yuting HAN
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Ziwei HAO
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Ning AN
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Yingyu YANG
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Han ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Kenneth B. STOREY
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hui CHANG
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an710069, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an710069, China,Hui CHANG,
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Liang B, Burley G, Lin S, Shi YC. Osteoporosis pathogenesis and treatment: existing and emerging avenues. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:72. [PMID: 36058940 PMCID: PMC9441049 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOsteoporotic fractures lead to increased disability and mortality in the elderly population. With the rapid increase in the aging population around the globe, more effective treatments for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are urgently required. The underlying molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis are believed to be due to the increased activity of osteoclasts, decreased activity of osteoblasts, or both, which leads to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process with accelerated bone resorption and attenuated bone formation. Currently, the available clinical treatments for osteoporosis have mostly focused on factors influencing bone remodeling; however, they have their own limitations and side effects. Recently, cytokine immunotherapy, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy have become new approaches for the treatment of various diseases. This article reviews the latest research on bone remodeling mechanisms, as well as how this underpins current and potential novel treatments for osteoporosis.
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Akoumianakis I, Polkinghorne M, Antoniades C. Non-canonical WNT signalling in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:783-797. [PMID: 35697779 PMCID: PMC9191761 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WNT signalling comprises a diverse spectrum of receptor-mediated pathways activated by a large family of WNT ligands and influencing fundamental biological processes. WNT signalling includes the β-catenin canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathways, namely the planar cell polarity and the calcium-dependent pathways. Advances over the past decade have linked non-canonical WNT signalling with key mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype regulation. In addition, non-canonical WNT signalling is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Importantly, non-canonical WNT signalling activation has complex effects in adipose tissue in the context of obesity, thereby potentially linking metabolic and vascular diseases. Tissue-specific targeting of non-canonical WNT signalling might be associated with substantial risks of off-target tumorigenesis, challenging its therapeutic potential. However, novel technologies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant decoy receptors, tissue-specific gene silencing with small interfering RNAs and gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, might enable more efficient therapeutic targeting of WNT signalling in the cardiovascular system. In this Review, we summarize the components of non-canonical WNT signalling, their links with the main mechanisms of atherosclerosis, heart failure and arrhythmias, and the rationale for targeting individual components of non-canonical WNT signalling for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Murray Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Babu LK, Ghosh D. Looking at Mountains: Role of Sustained Hypoxia in Regulating Bone Mineral Homeostasis in Relation to Wnt Pathway and Estrogen. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-022-09283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Zhou J, Wang J, Qu M, Huang X, Yin L, Liao Y, Huang F, Ning P, Zhong P, Zeng Y. Effect of the Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment in a Rat Model of Senile Osteoporosis In Vivo. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:438-447. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Mengjian Qu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xiarong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linwei Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Fujin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Pengyun Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Peirui Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Yahua Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
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13
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Saranya I, Akshaya R, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Wnt signaling by non-coding RNAs during osteoblast differentiation. Differentiation 2022; 128:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Mohan S, Kesavan C. T-cell factor 7L2 is a novel regulator of osteoblast functions that acts in part by modulation of hypoxia signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E528-E539. [PMID: 35466691 PMCID: PMC9169825 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00035.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T-cell-like factor (TCF)7l2, a key effector of canonical Wnt signaling, is highly expressed in bone but nothing is known about its role in regulating osteoblast function. To test this, we generated mice with conditional disruption of Tcf7l2 gene in osteoblast lineages using Tcf7l2 floxed and Col1α2-Cre mice. Skeletal parameters were evaluated using heterozygous conditional knockdown (HCKD) mice since homozygous conditional knockout died during pregnancy or immediately after birth. At 5 wk of age, trabecular bone mass of long bones was reduced by 35% as measured by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Histology data showed a 42% reduction in femur trabecular bone mass caused by reduced bone formation. Knockdown of Tcf7l2 expression in osteoblasts decreased proliferation and differentiation by 20%-40%. Expression levels of genes (Hif1α, Vegf, and β-catenin) targeted by TCF7L2 were decreased by 50% in Tcf7l2-deficient osteoblasts and bones of HCKD mice. We found that the Hif1α gene promoter contained multiple putative TCF7L2 motifs and stabilization of HIF1α protein levels rescued expression of TCF7L2 target genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Tcf7l2-deficient osteoblasts. Furthermore, Tcf7l2 overexpression increased proliferation in the presence of canonical Wnt3a that was not affected by β-catenin inhibitor providing evidence for a noncanonical signaling in mediating TCF7L2 effects. Tcf7l2 expression was increased in response to mechanical strain (MS) in vitro and in vivo, and disruption of Tcf7l2 expression in osteoblasts reduced MS-induced ALP activity by 35%. We conclude that Tcf7l2, a mechanoresponsive gene, is an important regulator of osteoblast function acting, in part, via hypoxia signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TCF7L2 is expressed by bone but it was not known whether TCF7L2 expression influenced bone development. By using a mouse model with conditional disruption of Tcf7l2 in osteoblast lineage cells, we have demonstrated for the first time, that TCF7L2 plays an important role in regulating osteoblasts via a noncanonical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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15
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Li L, Li A, Zhu L, Gan L, Zuo L. Roxadustat promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by stabilizing HIF-1α and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:286. [PMID: 35597989 PMCID: PMC9124388 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a very common skeletal disorder that increases the risk of fractures. However, the treatment of osteoporosis is challenging. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in bone metabolism. Roxadustat is a novel HIF stabilizer, and its effects on bone metabolism remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of roxadustat on osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. Methods In vitro, primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were treated with roxadustat. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix mineralization were assessed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers were detected. The effects of roxadustat on the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were evaluated. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation was assessed again after HIF-1α expression knockdown or inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo, roxadustat was administered orally to OVX rats for 12 weeks. Then, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed. The protein expression levels of the osteogenic markers HIF-1α and β-catenin in bone tissue were detected. Results In vitro, roxadustat significantly increased ALP staining intensity, enhanced matrix mineralization and upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers at the mRNA and protein levels in osteoblasts compared with the control group. Roxadustat activated the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. HIF-1α knockdown or Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition significantly attenuated roxadustat-promoted osteoblast differentiation. In vivo, roxadustat administration improved bone microarchitecture deterioration and alleviated bone loss in OVX rats by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Roxadustat upregulated the protein expression levels of the osteogenic markers, HIF-1α and β-catenin in the bone tissue of OVX rats. Conclusion Roxadustat promoted osteoblast differentiation and prevented bone loss in OVX rats. The use of roxadustat may be a new promising strategy to treat osteoporosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03162-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Afang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Liangying Gan
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Dittmann KH, Mayer C, Stephan H, Mieth C, Bonin M, Lechmann B, Rodemann HP. Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene- and protein expression profiles. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35499653 PMCID: PMC9061914 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing. Methods Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. Results We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA-expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). Conclusions In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9.
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17
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Estrogen receptor alpha and NFATc1 bind to a bone mineral density-associated SNP to repress WNT5B in osteoblasts. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:97-115. [PMID: 34906330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors and estrogen deficiency contribute to the development of osteoporosis. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2887571 is predicted from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to associate with osteoporosis but has had an unknown mechanism. Analysis of osteoblasts from 110 different individuals who underwent joint replacement revealed that the genotype of rs2887571 correlates with WNT5B expression. Analysis of our ChIP-sequencing data revealed that SNP rs2887571 overlaps with an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding site. Here we show that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses WNT5B expression and further demonstrate the mechanism of ERα binding at the enhancer containing rs2887571 to suppress WNT5B expression differentially in each genotype. ERα interacts with NFATc1, which is predicted to bind directly at rs2887571. CRISPR-Cas9 and ChIP-qPCR experiments confirm differential regulation of WNT5B between each allele. Homozygous GG has a higher binding affinity for ERα than homozygous AA and results in greater suppression of WNT5B expression. Functionally, WNT5B represses alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, decreasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, WNT5B increases interleukin-6 expression and suppresses E2-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblast differentiation. We show that WNT5B suppresses the differentiation of osteoblasts via receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2 (ROR1/2), which activates DVL2/3/RAC1/CDC42/JNK/SIN3A signaling and inhibits β-catenin activity. Together, our data provide mechanistic insight into how ERα and NFATc1 regulate the non-coding SNP rs2887571, as well as the function of WNT5B on osteoblasts, which could provide alternative therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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FGF19 protects against obesity-induced bone loss by promoting osteogenic differentiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112524. [PMID: 34906775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has become a potential therapeutic target for metabolic-related diseases. However, the effects of FGF19 on obesity-induced bone loss have not been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of FGF19 in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice and palmitic acid (PA)-treated osteoblasts and to further explore its underlying mechanisms. In vivo, we found that FGF19 alleviated the decreased bone mineral density (BMD) induced by HFD. Micro-CT analysis of femur samples and histological analysis indicated that FGF19 alleviated HFD-induced loss of bone trabeculae and damage to the bone trabecular structure. In vitro, the results suggested that FGF19 ameliorated the PA-induced decline in osteoblast proliferation, increased cell death and impaired cell morphology. Additionally, FGF19 protected against the decline in activation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and protein expression of Collagen-1, Runx-2, and osteopontin (OPN) induced by PA. Furthermore, FGF19 might enhance osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inhibit osteoclastogenesis by regulating the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) axis, thus attenuating the negative effect of PA in osteoblasts. In conclusion, our results suggested that FGF19 might promote osteogenic differentiation partially through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and alleviate obesity-induced bone loss.
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19
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Jang E, Ha J, Baek KH, Kang MI. Changes in Serum Dickkopf-1, RANK Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Bone Mineral Density after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treatment. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1211-1218. [PMID: 34875817 PMCID: PMC8743595 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) regulates bone formation by inhibiting canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling, and indirectly enhances osteoclastic activity by altering the expression ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) relative to osteoprotegerin (OPG). However, it is difficult to explain continued bone loss after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in terms of changes in only RANKL and OPG. Few studies have evaluated changes in DKK1 after allo-SCT. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 36 patients with hematologic malignancies who were scheduled for allo-SCT treatment. Serum DKK1, OPG, and RANKL levels were measured before (baseline), and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before (baseline) and 24 and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment. RESULTS After allo-SCT treatment, the DKK1 level decreased rapidly, returned to baseline during the first 4 weeks, and remained elevated for 48 weeks (P<0.0001 for changes observed over time). The serum RANKL/OPG ratio peaked at 4 weeks and then declined (P<0.001 for changes observed over time). BMD decreased relative to the baseline at all timepoints during the study period, and the lumbar spine in female patients had the largest decline (-11.3%±1.6% relative to the baseline at 48 weeks, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum DKK1 levels rapidly decreased at 1 week and then continued to increase for 48 weeks; bone mass decreased for 48 weeks following engraftment in patients treated with allo-SCT, suggesting that DKK1-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation plays a role in bone loss in patients undergoing allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Jang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Moo Il Kang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6006, Fax: +82-2-599-3589, E-mail:
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20
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Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Mojsilović SS, Santibanez JF. Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1696-1713. [PMID: 34909118 PMCID: PMC8641017 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a tightly regulated process that ensures proper repair and functionality after injury. The delicate balance between bone formation and resorption is governed by cytokines and signaling molecules released during the inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-17A, produced in the early phase of inflammation, influences the fate of osteoprogenitors. Due to their inherent capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to bone healing and regeneration. This review presents an overview of IL-17A signaling and the leading cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The main findings demonstrating IL-17A’s influence on osteoblastogenesis are described. To this end, divergent information exists about the capacity of IL-17A to regulate MSCs’ osteogenic fate, depending on the tissue context and target cell type, along with contradictory findings in the same cell types. Therefore, we summarize the data showing both the pro-osteogenic and anti-osteogenic roles of IL-17, which may help in the understanding of IL-17A function in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Sonja S Mojsilović
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Chile 8370993, Chile
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Garg P, Strigini M, Peurière L, Vico L, Iandolo D. The Skeletal Cellular and Molecular Underpinning of the Murine Hindlimb Unloading Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749464. [PMID: 34737712 PMCID: PMC8562483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone adaptation to spaceflight results in bone loss at weight bearing sites following the absence of the stimulus represented by ground force. The rodent hindlimb unloading model was designed to mimic the loss of mechanical loading experienced by astronauts in spaceflight to better understand the mechanisms causing this disuse-induced bone loss. The model has also been largely adopted to study disuse osteopenia and therefore to test drugs for its treatment. Loss of trabecular and cortical bone is observed in long bones of hindlimbs in tail-suspended rodents. Over the years, osteocytes have been shown to play a key role in sensing mechanical stress/stimulus via the ECM-integrin-cytoskeletal axis and to respond to it by regulating different cytokines such as SOST and RANKL. Colder experimental environments (~20-22°C) below thermoneutral temperatures (~28-32°C) exacerbate bone loss. Hence, it is important to consider the role of environmental temperatures on the experimental outcomes. We provide insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that have been shown to play a role in the hindlimb unloading and recommendations to minimize the effects of conditions that we refer to as confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Garg
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Maura Strigini
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Laura Peurière
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
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22
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Shaban NZ, Kenawy MY, Taha NA, Abd El-Latif MM, Ghareeb DA. Synthesized Nanorods Hydroxyapatite by Microwave-Assisted Technology for In Vitro Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195823. [PMID: 34640220 PMCID: PMC8510014 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research presents an optimal and inexpensive, without any additives, method for the synthesis and sintering of hydroxyapatite (HA) by microwave-assisted technology (MAT) furnace. The target sintering temperature of the furnace (1100 ℃) was held for one and two hours for conventional sintering. With regard to the microwave hybrid sintering, it was held at 100%MW for 20 and 30 min. FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDS, and TEM were assessed to determine HA phase composition, and structural as well as thermal decomposition behavior. The in vitro effects of sintered HA discs on cultured aged mice-isolated osteoblast cells and hydrocortisone-induced osteoclast cells were assessed by measuring ALP, osteocalcin, TRAP, calcium, and Alizarin red S staining. Moreover, their effects on cell differentiation (CD90 and CD 105 and PARR- ɣ) and death markers (GSK3b, MAPK, and β-catenin) were evaluated. The results demonstrate the production of ≈35 nm crystal-sized pure hydroxyapatite nanorod-like particles with a high degree of crystallinity and no impurities as required for biomedical application. HA increased osteogenesis (ALP, osteocalcin, and calcium) markers and decreased cell resorption markers. In addition, HA nanorods reversed the effect of cortisone on cell differentiation and death markers. In conclusion, microwave hybrid sintered HA is a potential nanomaterial for osteoporotic bone regeneration as HA reversed the cortisone adverse effect on osteoblast cell death through canonical and non-canonical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z. Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (N.Z.S.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Marwa Y. Kenawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (N.Z.S.); (D.A.G.)
- Fabrication Technology Researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nahla A. Taha
- Modeling and Simulation Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt;
| | - Mona M. Abd El-Latif
- Fabrication Technology Researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt;
| | - Doaa A. Ghareeb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (N.Z.S.); (D.A.G.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab 21934, Egypt
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23
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Cheng L, Li Y, Xia Q, Meng M, Ye Z, Tang Z, Feng H, Chen X, Chen H, Zeng X, Luo Y, Dong Q. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Bioengineered 2021; 12:7033-7045. [PMID: 34587869 PMCID: PMC8806549 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the EMD's capacity in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In vivo and in vitro, BMSCs were treated with EMD, scanning electron microscopy, and Alizarin Red staining were used to detect the changes in the osteogenic ability of BMSCs, and the proliferation ability of BMSCs was evaluated by CCK8. In addition, by adding xav939, a typical inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the regulatory function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was clarified. The results showed that EMD promote cell proliferation and 25 μg/ml EMD had the most significant effect. Cells inducing osteogenesis for 2 and 3 even 4 weeks, the cell staining is deeper in EMD treated group than that of the control (P < 0.05) by alizarin Red staining, suggesting more mineralization of BMSCs. In vivo implanting the titanium plate wrapped with 25 μg/ml EMD treated-BMSC film into nude mice for 8 weeks, more nodules were formed on the surface of the titanium plate than that the control (P < 0.05). HE showed that there is a little blue-violet immature bone-like tissue block. Besides, the expression of RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix, Osteocalcin (OCN), collagen I (COLI), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and β-catenin were inhibited in xav939 group (P < 0.05); Inversely, all were activated in EMD group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EMD promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. EMD's function on BMSCs might be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Gsuizhou Province, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - MaoHua Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoYang Ye
- Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengLong Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - HongChao Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - HeLin Chen
- Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zeng
- Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Gsuizhou Province, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodonticsand Oral Implantology, Stomatological hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, People's Republic of China
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Yuan Y, Guo M, Gu C, Yang Y. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma (review). Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:9932-9949. [PMID: 34650674 PMCID: PMC8507016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory hematological malignancy characterized by aberrant accumulation of plasma cells. Patients with MM are susceptible to becoming resistant to chemotherapy, eventually leading to relapse. Progression of MM is largely dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment. Stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment secrete Wnt ligands to activate Wnt signaling in MM, which is mediated through the transcription regulator β-catenin. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin pathway encourages osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, dysregulation of which is responsible for proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. As a result, direct inhibition or silencing of β-catenin or associated genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been proposed to be an effective therapeutic anti-MM strategy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in MM remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we summarized research advances on the specific genes and molecular biology process of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in tumorigenesis of MM, as well as the interaction with bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of drugs or small molecule inhibitors acting on Wnt/β-catenin pathway and targeting MM were introduced. This review intends to provide an overview of theoretical supports for novel Wnt/β-catenin pathway based treatment strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yuan
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Biological Mechanisms of Paeonoside in the Differentiation of Pre-Osteoblasts and the Formation of Mineralized Nodules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136899. [PMID: 34199016 PMCID: PMC8268717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa is a magnificent and long-lived woody plant that has traditionally been used to treat various diseases including inflammatory, neurological, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated the biological mechanisms of paeonoside (PASI) isolated from the dried roots of P. suffruticosa in pre-osteoblasts. Herein, we found that PASI has no cytotoxic effects on pre-osteoblasts. Migration assay showed that PASI promoted wound healing and transmigration in osteoblast differentiation. PASI increased early osteoblast differentiation and mineralized nodule formation. In addition, PASI enhanced the expression of Wnt3a and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and activated their downstream molecules, Smad1/5/8 and β-catenin, leading to increases in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, PASI-mediated osteoblast differentiation was attenuated by inhibiting the BMP2 and Wnt3a pathways, which was accompanied by reduction in the expression of RUNX2 in the nucleus. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that PASI enhances osteoblast differentiation and mineralized nodules by regulating RUNX2 expression through the BMP2 and Wnt3a pathways, suggesting a potential role for PASI targeting osteoblasts to treat bone diseases including osteoporosis and periodontitis.
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Oh Y, Ahn CB, Marasinghe MPCK, Je JY. Insertion of gallic acid onto chitosan promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts from murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1410-1418. [PMID: 34022306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a naturally occurring biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, has found use as a food additive, nutraceuticals, and functional foods in recent years. In this study, gallic acid-g-chitosan (GAC) was prepared by the insertion of GA onto plain chitosan (PC) via free radical-mediated grafting and its osteogenic effects were investigated in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs). Structural characterization of PC and GAC was performed using 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The amount of GA successfully grafted onto PC was 111 mg GA/g GAC via the Folin-Ciocalteu's method. While PC and GAC promoted the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization, GAC increased these factors significantly more than PC, indicating that the grafting of GA onto chitosan increased its osteogenic potential. Mechanistic study revealed that GAC activated Wnt1 and Wnt3a mRNA and protein expression as well as increased the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus and upregulated the expression of β-catenin targeted genes including Runx2, osterix, type I collagen and cyclin D1. In addition, DKK-1, a Wnt antagonist, decreased GAC-mediated osteoblast differentiation in mBMMSCs through blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunok Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Healthcare, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - M P C K Marasinghe
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan H, Li M, Feng X, Zhu E, Wang B. miR-142a-5p promoted osteoblast differentiation via targeting nuclear factor IA. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1810-1821. [PMID: 32700780 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
miR-142a-5p plays critical roles in multiple biological processes and diseases, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, it remains to be explored if and how miR-142a-5p contributes to osteoblast differentiation. In this study, our results showed that miR-142a-5p was highly expressed in bone tissue of mice and increased during osteogenesis in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Supplementing miR-142a-5p activity using miR-142a-5p agomir promoted osteogenic differentiation in stromal cell line ST2 and preosteoblastic line MC3T3-E1. Conversely, miR-142a-5p antagomir, an inhibitor of endogenous miR-142a-5p, could reduce osteoblast differentiation in ST2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Nuclear factor IA (NFIA), a site-specific transcriptional factor, was demonstrated to be directly targeted by miR-142a-5p. Overexpression of NFIA inhibited miR-142a-5p-mediated osteoblast differentiation in ST2 cells. Furthermore, mechanism explorations revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling transcriptionally regulated the expression of miR-142a-5p during osteogenic differentiation. β-catenin binds to the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor binding motif within the promoter of miR-142 and positively regulates its transcriptional activity. Our findings suggested that miR-142a-5p promoted osteoblast differentiation via targeting NFIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Yao G, Qiao P, Li L, Wu S. Therapeutic potential of iron chelators on osteoporosis and their cellular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111380. [PMID: 33601146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element in the metabolism of almost all living organisms. Iron overload can disrupt bone homeostasis by significant inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, consequently leading to osteoporosis. Iron accumulation is also involved in the osteoporosis induced by multiple factors, such as estrogen deficiency, ionizing radiation, and mechanical unloading. Iron chelators are first developed for treating iron overloaded disorders. However, growing evidence suggests that iron chelators can be potentially used for the treatment of bone loss. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic effects of iron chelators on bone loss. Iron chelators have therapeutic effects not only on iron overload induced osteoporosis, but also on osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency, ionizing radiation, and mechanical unloading, and in Alzheimer's disease-associated osteoporotic deficits. Iron chelators differently affect the cellular behaviors of bone cells. For osteoblast lineage cells (bone mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts), iron chelation stimulates osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, iron chelation significantly inhibits osteoclast differentiation. These different responses may be associated with the different needs of iron during differentiation. Fibroblast growth factor 23, angiogenesis, and antioxidant capability are also involved in the osteoprotective effects of iron chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Penghai Qiao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuguang Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Lauterlein JJL, Hermann P, Konrad T, Wolf P, Nilsson P, Sánchez RG, Ferrannini E, Balkau B, Højlund K, Frost M. Serum sclerostin and glucose homeostasis: No association in healthy men. Cross-sectional and prospective data from the EGIR-RISC study. Bone 2021; 143:115681. [PMID: 33035729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone formation, has emerged as a potential negative regulator of glucose homeostasis. We aimed to investigate if serum sclerostin associates with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, prediabetes or metabolic syndrome in healthy men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum sclerostin was measured in basal and insulin-stimulated samples from 526 men without diabetes from the RISC cohort study. An OGTT was performed at baseline and after 3 years. An IVGTT and a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp were performed at baseline. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the oral glucose sensitivity index (OGIS) and the M-value relative to insulin levels. Beta cell function was assessed by the acute and total insulin secretion (ISRtot) and by beta cell glucose sensitivity. RESULTS Serum sclerostin levels correlated positively with age but were similar in individuals with (n = 69) and without (n = 457) prediabetes or the metabolic syndrome. Serum sclerostin was associated with measures of neither insulin sensitivity nor beta cell function at baseline in age-adjusted analyses including all participants. However, baseline serum sclerostin correlated inversely with OGIS at follow-up in men without prediabetes (B: -0.29 (-0.57, -0.01) p = 0.045), and inversely with beta cell glucose sensitivity in men with prediabetes (B: -13.3 (-26.3, -0.2) p = 0.046). Associations between serum sclerostin and 3-year changes in measures of glucose homeostasis were not observed. Acute hyperinsulinemia suppressed serum sclerostin (p = 0.02), and this reduction correlated with OGIS and ISRtot. CONCLUSIONS Overall, serum sclerostin was not associated with prediabetes, insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in healthy men. The inverse relationship between serum sclerostin and insulin sensitivity at follow-up was weak and likely not of clinical relevance. The ability of insulin to reduce sclerostin, possibly promoting bone formation, needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pernille Hermann
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Konrad
- Institute for Metabolic Research, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Clinical Epidemiology, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Merlotti D, Cosso R, Eller-Vainicher C, Vescini F, Chiodini I, Gennari L, Falchetti A. Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010435. [PMID: 33406758 PMCID: PMC7796307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Liu M, Qin J, Cong J, Yang Y. Chlorogenic Acids Inhibit Adipogenesis: Implications of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:2215274. [PMID: 34845409 PMCID: PMC8627359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2215274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous in vitro study, we found that chlorogenic acid (CGA) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Accumulative genetic evidence supports that canonical Wnt signaling is a key modulator on adipogenesis. Methods. In this study, 3T3-L1 cells were induced adipogenic differentiation and then treated with CGA. We investigate the effect of CGA in inhibiting adipogenesis and evaluate its role in modulating Wnt10b (wingless integration1 10b), β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) involved in the Wnt (wingless integration1)/β-catenin signaling pathway. Results. The result showed that after CGA treatment, lipid accumulation and TG level decreased significantly in 3T3-L1 cells, indicating that CGA could inhibit adipogenesis. In addition, CGA repressed the induction of adipocyte differentiation biomarkers as PPAR-γ, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and the secretion of GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner upregulated the expression of β-catenin and Wnt10b both in gene and protein levels. Moreover, CGA induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β and promoted the accumulation of free cytosolic β-catenin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion. Overall, these findings gave us the implications that CGA inhibits adipogenesis via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Qin
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jing Cong
- Academic Department, Giant Praise (HK) Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yubin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Oh Y, Ahn CB, Je JY. Blue Mussel-Derived Peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK Trigger Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling-Mediated Osteogenesis in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100510. [PMID: 33050263 PMCID: PMC7599581 DOI: 10.3390/md18100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived bioactive peptides have shown potential bone health promoting effects. Although various marine-derived bioactive peptides have potential nutraceutical or pharmaceutical properties, only a few of them are commercially available. This study presented an osteogenic mechanism of blue mussel-derived peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK as potential bone health promoting agents in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were stimulated using PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK as early and late markers of osteogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot and RT-qPCR results revealed that PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK increased osteoblast differentiation of hBMMSCs by activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins and mRNAs. Immunofluorescence images confirmed nuclear translocation of β-catenin in osteogenic differentiation. Treatment with the pharmacological inhibitor DKK-1 blocked PIISVYWK- and FSVVPSPK-induced ALP activity and mineralization, as well as mRNA expression of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hBMMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. These findings suggested that PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK promoted the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteogenesis of hBMMSCs. Blue mussel-derived PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK might help develop peptide-based therapeutic agents for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunok Oh
- Institute of Marine Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48613, Korea;
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-629-6871
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USLU S, ÖKTEM G, OLTULU F, DEMİR K, İRBAN A, BAŞDEMİR G, İNCE Ü, UYSAL A. Maternal uterin arter ligasyon modeli uygulanan fetal sıçanlarda kondrogenez ve osteogenezin Wnt/β-Catenin, S100 immünoekspresyon ve histomorfometri ile değerlendirilmesi. EGE TIP DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.697866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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35
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Yang B, Li S, Chen Z, Feng F, He L, Liu B, He T, Wang X, Chen R, Chen Z, Xie P, Rong L. Amyloid β peptide promotes bone formation by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. FASEB J 2020; 34:3583-3593. [PMID: 31944393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is involved in osteoporosis, but the effects of Aβ on osteoblast and bone formation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aβ on bone formation. METHODS An animal model of osteoporosis was established by ovariectomy in C57BL/6 mice. The mice received intraperitoneal injection of Aβ. The effect of Aβ on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells (hBMSCs) and differentiation of both pre-osteoblasts and pre-osteoclasts in a co-culture system were investigated. RESULTS In the animal study, intraperitoneal injection of Aβ for 8 weeks promoted early and late osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Aβ treatment significantly elevated osterix+ (osteoblastic) cells but decreased TRAP+ cells (osteoclasts) in the distal femur bone. In vitro study showed that Aβ treatment significantly enhanced matrix mineralization and osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osteocalcin). Aβ treatment activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hBMSCs. The effect of Aβ was blocked by DKK1 (a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor) treatment. In the co-culture system, Aβ treatment significantly increased the ALP activities of MC3T3-E1 cells (pre-osteoblasts) but reduced the TRAP+ RAW264.7 cells (pre-osteoclasts). Aβ treatment upregulated TCF1 and OPG proteins in MC3T3-E1 cells. Aβ treatment upregulated IκB-α but downregulated NFATc1protein in RAW264.7 cells. These effects were blocked by XAV-939 (a Wnt signaling antagonist), and then rescued by additional Wnt3a (a Wnt agonist). CONCLUSION Aβ treatment simultaneously promoted osteogenic differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and inhibited osteoclasts differentiation via the OPG/RANKL/RANK system, suggesting Aβ is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Yang
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei He
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqiang Chen
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peigen Xie
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Abstract
The 11 existing FDA-approved osteoporosis drug treatments include hormone replacement therapy, 2 SERMs (raloxifene and bazedoxifene), 5 inhibitors of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (4 bisphosphonates and anti-RANKL denosumab), 2 parathyroid hormone analogues (teriparatide and abaloparatide), and 1 WNT signaling enhancer (romosozumab). These therapies are effective and provide multiple options for patients and physicians. As the genomic revolution continues, potential novel targets for future drug development are identified. This review takes a wide perspective to describe potentially rewarding topics to explore, including knowledge of genes and pathways involved in bone cell metabolism, the utility of animal models, targeting drugs to bone, and ongoing advances in drug design and delivery.
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Alekos NS, Moorer MC, Riddle RC. Dual Effects of Lipid Metabolism on Osteoblast Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:578194. [PMID: 33071983 PMCID: PMC7538543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic and metabolically active organ with the capacity to influence whole body metabolism. This newly recognized function has propagated interest in the connection between bone health and metabolic dysfunction. Osteoblasts, the specialized mesenchymal cells responsible for the production of bone matrix and mineralization, rely on multiple fuel sources. The utilization of glucose by osteoblasts has long been a focus of research, however, lipids and their derivatives, are increasingly recognized as a vital energy source. Osteoblasts possess the necessary receptors and catabolic enzymes for internalization and utilization of circulating lipids. Disruption of these processes can impair osteoblast function, resulting in skeletal deficits while simultaneously altering whole body lipid homeostasis. This article provides an overview of the metabolism of postprandial and stored lipids and the osteoblast's ability to acquire and utilize these molecules. We focus on the requirement for fatty acid oxidation and the pathways regulating this function as well as the negative impact of dyslipidemia on the osteoblast and skeletal health. These findings provide key insights into the nuances of lipid metabolism in influencing skeletal homeostasis which are critical to appreciate the extent of the osteoblast's role in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie S. Alekos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan C. Riddle
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Lindsey RC, Godwin C, Mohan S. Skeletal effects of nongenomic thyroid hormone receptor beta signaling. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:173-183. [PMID: 31252404 PMCID: PMC6685746 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) levels increase rapidly during the prepubertal growth period in mice, and this change is necessary for endochondral ossification of the epiphyses. This effect of TH on epiphyseal chondrocyte hypertrophy is mediated via TRβ1. In addition to its traditional genomic signaling role as a transcription factor, TRβ1 can also exert nongenomic effects by interacting with other signaling molecules such as PI3K. To investigate the role of nongenomic TRβ1 signaling in endochondral ossification, we evaluated the skeletal phenotype of TRβ147F mutant mice which exhibit a normal genomic response of TRβ1 to TH, but the nongenomic response through the PI3K pathway is impaired. Using microCT, we found that 13-week-old TRβ147F mice had significantly less trabecular bone mass at three sites. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that mineralizing surface to bone surface and BFR/BS were reduced in the mutant mice. Mechanistically, we found that activation of TRβ increased Alp and Osx expression in control but not TRβ147F osteoblasts. Since canonical β-catenin signaling has been implicated in mediating nongenomic TRβ-PI3K signaling, we evaluated the effect of TRβ1 activation on β-catenin target gene expression in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. We found that β-catenin target genes were increased, suggesting that nongenomic TRβ1-PI3K pathway modulation of β-catenin signaling may mediate TRβ1 effects on osteoblast differentiation. Together, these results suggest that TH acting through TRβ1 regulates endochondral ossification in part via nongenomic signaling in mice. Further investigation of this nongenomic mechanism of TRβ1 signaling could lead to novel therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Lindsey
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Catrina Godwin
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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39
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Interleukin-35 stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α activated osteoblasts differentiation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105810. [PMID: 31404890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is characterized by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated bone loss beginning early and persisting over time. The aim of this study was to explore the effects and signaling pathway of IL-35 on osteoblasts differentiation in MC3T3E1 cells and TNF-α activated MC3T3E1 cells. A microenvironment was established with low concentration and short-term treatment of TNF-α to mimic inflammatory activated osteoblasts of RA in vitro. The role of IL-35 on osteoblasts proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay. Extracellular matrix mineralization was measured by Alizarin red S staining. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in response to IL-35 were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoblasts was investigated. In basal and TNF-α activated osteoblasts, IL-35 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Basal and TNF-α activated ALP activity and mineralization in vitro was increased stimulated by IL-35. Furthermore, IL-35 increased the basal and TNF-α activated OPG expression and decreased basal and TNF-α activated RANKL expression. Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with Dickkopf (Dkk)-1 inhibited the osteogenic effects of IL-35. IL-35 stimulates basal and TNF-α activated osteoblasts differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus highlighting the IL-35 for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications for treating RA bone loss.
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Robinson LJ, Blair HC, Barnett JB, Soboloff J. The roles of Orai and Stim in bone health and disease. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:51-58. [PMID: 31201955 PMCID: PMC7181067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Orai and Stim proteins are the mediators of calcium release-activated calcium signaling and are important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and disease. This includes separate regulatory systems controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to form osteoblasts, which make bone, and differentiation and regulation of osteoclasts, which resorb bone. These systems will be described separately, and their integration and relation to other systems, including Orai and Stim in teeth, will be briefly discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States.
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15206, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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