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Cui G, Huang Y, Feng W, Yao Y, Zhou H, Li X, Gong H, Liu J, Luo Y, Sun Y, Zhang M, Luo Y, Zhang T. Colon cancer-associated transcript-1 enhances glucose metabolism and colon cancer cell activity in a high-glucose environment in vitro and in vivo. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1164-1185. [PMID: 33456991 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aims to investigate the effect of colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT-1) on colon cancer cells' activity and metabolism under different glucose environments in vitro and in vivo. Methods The levels of proliferation, migration, glucose, lactic acid, glucose metabolism-related enzymes, apoptosis genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins, and PI3K/Akt/C-MYC pathway in CCAT-1-silenced SW620 cells cultured with different glucose levels were tested. Twenty BALB/C nude mice with hyperglycemia or normal blood sugar were transplanted with CCAT-1-silenced SW620 cells, blood glucose levels, lactic acid, insulin, and volume of transplanted tumor cells, the expression of EMT marker proteins, and PI3K/Akt/C-MYC pathway was detected. Results The levels of proliferation, migration, glucose, lactic acid, LDH-A, PKM2, and HK2 decreased, apoptosis increased in SW620 cells cultured with low glucose or silenced CCAT-1 (P<0.05); levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 significantly increased, and levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, and p-Akt decreased in CCAT-1-silenced SW620 cells cultured with high glucose (P<0.05). Hyperglycemic nude mice transplanted with CCAT-1-silenced colon cancer cells showed decreased tumor volume, blood glucose, lactic acid, insulin, P-AKT, and P-C-MYC than EV group (P<0.05). Conclusions CCAT-1 can enhance glucose metabolism and proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by upregulating the expression of glycolysis enzymes, inhibiting apoptosis, activating the Akt/C-MYC pathway, and promoting EMT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenming Feng
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xining Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- School of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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2
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Fujiwara-Tani R, Sasaki T, Fujii K, Luo Y, Mori T, Kishi S, Mori S, Matsushima-Otsuka S, Nishiguchi Y, Goto K, Kawahara I, Kondoh M, Sho M, Kuniyasu H. Diabetes mellitus is associated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer through production of biglycan-rich cancer stroma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2982-2994. [PMID: 32821344 PMCID: PMC7415403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), in diabetic patients have been reported. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the presence of diabetes mellitus (blood hemoglobin A1C was 6.5% or higher at the time of diagnosis of CRC) and the progression and liver metastasis of CRC. Histopathological findings in the primary lesions, which were preferential to diabetes-complicated CRC (DM-CRC) and the liver metastasis, were also investigated. Of the 473 CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection, 148 (31%) had diabetes. In DM-CRC cases, the stage was more advanced, with more cases in stage IV or postoperative disease recurrence. Histopathological findings correlated with liver metastasis in DM-CRC, including budding grade, perineural invasion, and myxomatous tumor stroma, and all were highly correlated with the stage. Additionally, myxomatous stroma showed the strongest correlation with liver metastasis in multivariate analysis. Myxomatous stroma in stage III cases correlated with liver recurrence. The myxomatous stroma was abundant in biglycan protein and contained numerous CD90-positive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In human colon cancer cell line HT29, biglycan expression was induced by high sugar concentration, fatty acids, and insulin, and its contact co-culture with MSCs resulted in enhanced stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. Thus, DM-CRC has higher malignant phenotypes compared to non-DM-CRC, and the involvement of diabetes-induced biglycan may act as a pathogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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3
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Magnitude of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Western Perspective. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:497-505. [PMID: 31516266 PMCID: PMC6728535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is continuing to rise worldwide, and it is estimated that this disquieting trend will continue for another 10-15 years before prevalence begins to decrease. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. As obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle-related diseases continue to rise, the spectrum of NAFLD, e.g., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver-related morbidity, and mortality, will increase in parallel. Its widespread prevalence and associated economic burden have drawn significant attention, and a multitude of pharmaceutical companies are participating in active research trying to find a "cure". Unfortunately, as of now, no targeted treatment exists to treat this condition, and therefore, emphasis has been on its prevention. The current review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD in Western countries. It is important to understand the magnitude of NAFLD and its risk factors in Western countries where the prevalence of NAFLD has now reached epidemic proportions to identify the best strategy to prevent and possibly control this epidemic.
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4
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Mamdooh N, Kasabri V, Al‐Hiari Y, Almasri I, Al‐Alawi S, Bustanji Y. Evaluation of selected commercial pharmacotherapeutic drugs as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors and antiproliferative compounds. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:310-324. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mamdooh
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Jordan Amman Jordan
| | | | | | - Ihab Almasri
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry DepartmentAl‐Azhar University Gaza Palestinian Territory
| | | | - Yasser Bustanji
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Jordan Amman Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific ResearchUniversity of Jordan Amman Jordan
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5
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Li N, Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, McClain KM, Niehoff NM, Engel LS, Shaheen NJ, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, Wu AH, Gammon MD. A pooled analysis of dietary sugar/carbohydrate intake and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma incidence and survival in the USA. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1836-1846. [PMID: 29040685 PMCID: PMC5837717 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the past 40 years, esophageal/gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (EA/GCA) incidence increased in Westernized countries, but survival remained low. A parallel increase in sugar intake, which may facilitate carcinogenesis by promoting hyperglycaemia, led us to examine sugar/carbohydrate intake in association with EA/GCA incidence and survival. Methods We pooled 500 EA cases, 529 GCA cases and 2027 controls from two US population-based case-control studies with cases followed for vital status. Dietary intake, assessed by study-specific food frequency questionnaires, was harmonized and pooled to estimate 12 measures of sugar/carbohydrate intake. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were calculated using multinomial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. Results EA incidence was increased by 51-58% in association with sucrose (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.01-2.27), sweetened desserts/beverages (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.27) and the dietary glycaemic index (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13-2.21). Body mass index (BMI) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) modified these associations (Pmultiplicative-interaction ≤ 0.05). For associations with sucrose and sweetened desserts/beverages, respectively, the OR was elevated for BMI < 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.26-2.56 and ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03-2.06), but not BMI ≥ 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.76-1.44 and ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.62-1.16). The EA-glycaemic index association was elevated for BMI ≥ 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03-1.85), but not BMI < 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.62-1.24). The sucrose-EA association OR for GERD < weekly was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.16-2.14), but for GERD ≥ weekly was 1.01 (95% CI = 0.70-1.47). Sugar/carbohydrate measures were not associated with GCA incidence or EA/GCA survival. Conclusions If confirmed, limiting intake of sucrose (e.g. table sugar), sweetened desserts/beverages, and foods that contribute to a high glycaemic index, may be plausible EA risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Newhaven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Anna H Wu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Li N, Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, McClain KM, Niehoff NM, Engel LS, Shaheen NJ, Corley DA, Vaughan TL, Gammon MD. Dietary sugar/starches intake and Barrett's esophagus: a pooled analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:1007-1017. [PMID: 28864851 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the key precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a lethal cancer that has increased rapidly in westernized countries over the past four decades. Dietary sugar intake has also been increasing over time, and may be associated with these tumors by promoting hyperinsulinemia. The study goal was to examine multiple measures of sugar/starches intake in association with BE. This pooled analysis included 472 BE cases and 492 controls from two similarly conducted case-control studies in the United States. Dietary intake data, collected by study-specific food frequency questionnaires, were harmonized across studies by linking with the University of Minnesota Nutrient Database, and pooled based on study-specific quartiles. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, race, total energy intake, study indicator, body mass index, frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux, and fruit/vegetable intake. In both studies, intake of sucrose (cases vs. controls, g/day: 36.07 vs. 33.51; 36.80 vs. 35.06, respectively) and added sugar (46.15 vs. 41.01; 44.18 vs. 40.68, respectively) were higher in cases than controls. BE risk was increased 79% and 71%, respectively, for associations comparing the fourth to the first quartile of intake of sucrose (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.07-3.02, P trend = 0.01) and added sugar (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.05-2.80, P trend = 0.15). Intake of sweetened desserts/beverages was associated with 71% increase in BE risk (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07-2.73, P trend = 0.04). Limiting dietary intake of foods and beverages that are high in added sugar, especially refined table sugar, may reduce the risk of developing BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Jessica Leigh Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Susan Elizabeth Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Michele McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Nicole Michelle Niehoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Lawrence Stuart Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Nicholas James Shaheen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Allen Corley
- Division of Research and San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Marilie Denise Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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7
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Zhao M, Liao D, Zhao J. Diabetes-induced mechanophysiological changes in the small intestine and colon. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:249-269. [PMID: 28694926 PMCID: PMC5483424 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) tract including intestine and colon are common in the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM induced intestinal and colonic structural and biomechanical remodeling in animals and humans. The remodeling is closely related to motor-sensory abnormalities of the intestine and colon which are associated with the symptoms frequently encountered in patients with DM such as diarrhea and constipation. In this review, firstly we review DM-induced histomorphological and biomechanical remodeling of intestine and colon. Secondly we review motor-sensory dysfunction and how they relate to intestinal and colonic abnormalities. Finally the clinical consequences of DM-induced changes in the intestine and colon including diarrhea, constipation, gut microbiota change and colon cancer are discussed. The final goal is to increase the understanding of DM-induced changes in the gut and the subsequent clinical consequences in order to provide the clinicians with a better understanding of the GI disorders in diabetic patients and facilitates treatments tailored to these patients.
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8
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Yao KJ, Jabbour S, Parekh N, Lin Y, Moss RA. Increasing mortality in the United States from cholangiocarcinoma: an analysis of the National Center for Health Statistics Database. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:117. [PMID: 27655244 PMCID: PMC5031355 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While mortality in the United States has decreased for most cancers, mortality from combined hepatocellular liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has increased and ranked 1st in annual percent increase among cancer sites. Because reported statistics combine ICC with other liver cancers, mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain unknown. This study is to determine CCA mortality trends and variation based on national data. Methods This nation-wide study was based on the underlying cause of death data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) between 1999 and 2014. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) system was used to obtain data. ICC and extra-hepatic CCA (ECC) were defined by ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Age-adjusted mortality rate was standardized to the US population in 2000. Results There were more than 7000 CCA deaths each year in the US after 2013. CCA mortality for those aged 25+ increased 36 % between 1999 and 2014, from 2.2 per 100,000 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.1–2.3) to 3.0 per 100,000 (95 % CI, 2.9–3.1). Mortality rates were lower among females compared with males (risk ratio [RR] 0.78, 95 % CI 0.77–0.79). Asians had the highest mortality. Between 2004 and 2014, the increase in CCA mortality was highest among African Americans (45 %) followed by Asians (22 %), and whites (20 %). Conclusion Based on the most recent national data, CCA mortality rates have increased substantially in the past decade. Among different race/ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest increase in CCA mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0527-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelan J Yao
- West Windsor Plainsboro High School South, Plainsboro, NJ, 08550, USA
| | - Salma Jabbour
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- College of Global Public Health & Population Health, Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Biometrics Division, The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Rebecca A Moss
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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9
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Hopkins JCA, Blazeby JM, Rogers CA, Welbourn R. The use of adjustable gastric bands for management of severe and complex obesity. Br Med Bull 2016; 118:64-72. [PMID: 27034443 PMCID: PMC5127420 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity levels in the UK have reached a sustained high and ∼4% of the population would be candidates for bariatric surgery based upon current UK NICE guidelines, which has important implications for Clinical Commissioning Groups. SOURCES OF DATA Summary data from Cochrane systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Currently, the only treatment that offers significant and durable weight loss for those with severe and complex obesity is surgery. Three operations account for 95% of all bariatric surgery in the UK, but the NHS offers surgery to only a small fraction of those who could benefit. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (gastric banding) has potentially the lowest risk and up-front costs of the three procedures. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Reliable Level 1 evidence of the relative effectiveness of the operations is lacking. GROWING POINTS As a point intervention, weight loss surgery together with the chronic disease management strategy for obesity can prevent significant future disease and mortality, and the NHS should embrace both. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Better RCT evidence is needed including clinical effectiveness and economic analysis to answer the important question 'which is the best of the three operations most frequently performed?' This review considers the current evidence for gastric banding for the treatment of severe and complex obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C A Hopkins
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton TA1 5DA, UK
| | - Jane M Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris A Rogers
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Welbourn
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton TA1 5DA, UK
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10
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Kabbach G, Assi HA, Bolotin G, Schuster M, Lee HJ, Tadros M. Hepatobiliary Tumors: Update on Diagnosis and Management. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2015; 3:169-81. [PMID: 26623263 PMCID: PMC4663198 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2015.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the liver and biliary tree, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, are the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide and the sixth leading cause of cancer related death among men in developed countries. Recent developments in biomarkers and imaging modalities have enhanced early detection and accurate diagnosis of these highly fatal malignancies. These advances include serological testing, micro-ribonucleic acids, fluorescence in situ hybridization, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and hepatobiliary-phase magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, there have been major developments in the surgical and nonsurgical management of these tumors, including expansion of the liver transplantation criteria, new locoregional treatments, and molecularly targeted therapies. In this article, we review various types of hepatobiliary tumors and discuss new developments in their diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Kabbach
- Department of internal medicine, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hussein A Assi
- Department of internal medicine, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - George Bolotin
- Department of radiology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Department of pathology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Micheal Tadros
- Department of internal medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Micheal Tadros, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC 48, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Tel: +1-518-262-5276, Fax: +1-518-262-6470, E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
Weight loss surgery is currently the only treatment that offers significant and sustained weight loss for those with severe and complex obesity. Obesity levels have reached a sustained high, whereby several percent of a country's population would qualify for surgery based upon current national guidelines. Worldwide, the provision of surgery is highly variable and to treat all the affected population, it would require at least a 100-fold increase in the provision of services. This has important cost and commissioning implications for health-care planners. Reliable level 1 evidence of the long-term effects of obesity surgery is still lacking, and the long-term complication profiles and re-operation rates unclear, which could have significant impact on health-care systems in the future. The chronic disease management of obesity in a population must be integrated with education and prevention and the brief intervention of weight loss surgery and the management of its sequelae, to prevent significant future morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Charles Hopkins
- University Surgery Unit, MP816 South Academic Block, University Hospitals Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard Welbourn
- Department of Bariatric and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK.
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12
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Gao FJ, Hebbar S, Gao XA, Alexander M, Pandey JP, Walla MD, Cotham WE, King SJ, Smith DS. GSK-3β Phosphorylation of Cytoplasmic Dynein Reduces Ndel1 Binding to Intermediate Chains and Alters Dynein Motility. Traffic 2015; 16:941-61. [PMID: 26010407 PMCID: PMC4543430 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) has been linked to regulation of kinesin‐dependent axonal transport in squid and flies, and to indirect regulation of cytoplasmic dynein. We have now found evidence for direct regulation of dynein by mammalian GSK‐3β in both neurons and non‐neuronal cells. GSK‐3β coprecipitates with and phosphorylates mammalian dynein. Phosphorylation of dynein intermediate chain (IC) reduces its interaction with Ndel1, a protein that contributes to dynein force generation. Two conserved residues, S87/T88 in IC‐1B and S88/T89 in IC‐2C, have been identified as GSK‐3 targets by both mass spectrometry and site‐directed mutagenesis. These sites are within an Ndel1‐binding domain, and mutation of both sites alters the interaction of IC's with Ndel1. Dynein motility is stimulated by (i) pharmacological and genetic inhibition of GSK‐3β, (ii) an insulin‐sensitizing agent (rosiglitazone) and (iii) manipulating an insulin response pathway that leads to GSK‐3β inactivation. Thus, our study connects a well‐characterized insulin‐signaling pathway directly to dynein stimulation via GSK‐3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng J Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Sachin Hebbar
- Bioinformatics Group, Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Xu A Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jai P Pandey
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael D Walla
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - William E Cotham
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Stephen J King
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32828, USA
| | - Deanna S Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Metformin use improves the survival of diabetic combined small-cell lung cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8101-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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