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Taqi K, Lee J, Hurton S, Stockley C, Mack L, Rivard J, Temple W, Bouchard-Fortier A. Long-Term Outcomes following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:3657-3668. [PMID: 39057141 PMCID: PMC11275434 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a major treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (CPC). The aim was to determine the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC for CPC and factors associated with long-term survival (LTS). METHODS consecutive CPC patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC at a HIPEC center between 2007 and 2021 were included. Actual survival was calculated, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with OS, DFS and LTS. RESULTS there were 125 patients with CPC who underwent primary CRS-HIPEC, with mean age of 54.5 years. Median follow-up was 31 months. Average intraoperative PCI was 11, and complete cytoreduction (CC-0) was achieved in 96.8%. Median OS was 41.6 months (6-196). The 2-year and 5-year OS were 68% and 24.8%, respectively, and the 2-year DFS was 28.8%. Factors associated with worse OS included pre-HIPEC systemic therapy, synchronous extraperitoneal metastasis, and PCI ≥ 20 (p < 0.05). Progression prior to CRS-HIPEC was associated with worse DFS (p < 0.05). Lower PCI, fewer complications, lower recurrence and longer DFS were associated with LTS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CRS and HIPEC improve OS in CPC patients but they have high disease recurrence. Outcomes depend on preoperative therapy response, extraperitoneal metastasis, and peritoneal disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadhim Taqi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jay Lee
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Scott Hurton
- Division of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Cecily Stockley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lloyd Mack
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Justin Rivard
- Division of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Walley Temple
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Antoine Bouchard-Fortier
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Banipal GS, Stimec BV, Andersen SN, Edwin B, Nesgaard JM, Šaltytė Benth J, Ignjatovic D. Are Metastatic Central Lymph Nodes (D3 volume) in right-sided Colon Cancer a Sign of Systemic Disease? A sub-group Analysis of an Ongoing Multicenter Trial. Ann Surg 2024; 279:648-656. [PMID: 37753647 PMCID: PMC10922660 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess outcomes of patients with right-sided colon cancer with metastases in the D3 volume after personalized surgery. BACKGROUND Patients with central lymph node metastasis (D3-PNG) are considered to have a systemic disease with a poor prognosis. A 3-dimensional definition of the dissection volume allows the removal of all central nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS D3-PNG includes consecutive patients from an ongoing clinical trial. Patients were stratified into residual disease negative (D3-RDN) and residual disease positive (D3-RDP) groups. D3-RDN was further stratified into 4 periods to identify a learning curve. A personalized D3 volume (defined through arterial origins and venous confluences) was removed " en bloc" through medial-to-lateral dissection, and the D3 volume of the specimen was analyzed separately. RESULTS D3-PNG contained 42 (26 females, 63.1 SD 9.9 y) patients, D3-RDN:29 (17 females, 63.4 SD 10.1 y), and D3-RDP:13 (9 females, 62.2 SD 9.7 y). The mean overall survival (OS) days were D3-PNG:1230, D3-RDN:1610, and D3-RDP:460. The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was D3-PNG:1023, D3-RDN:1461, and D3-RDP:74 days. The probability of OS/DFS were D3-PNG:52.1%/50.2%, D3-RDN:72.9%/73.1%, D3-RDP: 7.7%/0%. There is a significant change in OS/DFS in the D3-RDN from 2011-2013 to 2020-2022 (both P =0.046) and from 2014-2016 to 2020-2022 ( P =0.028 and P =0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that surgery can achieve survival in most patients with central lymph node metastases by removing a personalized and anatomically defined D3 volume. The extent of mesenterectomy and the quality of surgery are paramount since a learning curve has demonstrated significantly improved survival over time despite the low number of patients. These results imply a place for the centralization of this patient group where feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Banipal
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bojan Vladimir Stimec
- Anatomy Sector, Teaching Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Solveig Norheim Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Bjorn Edwin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Interventional Centre and Department of HPB Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University, Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Marius Nesgaard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Jurate Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Dejan Ignjatovic
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jamialahmadi H, Nazari SE, TanzadehPanah H, Saburi E, Asgharzadeh F, Khojasteh-Leylakoohi F, Alaei M, Mirahmadi M, Babaei F, Asghari SZ, Mansouri S, Khalili-Tanha G, Maftooh M, Fiuji H, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Targeting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) using Pirfenidone, a potential repurposing therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14357. [PMID: 37658230 PMCID: PMC10474052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulating factors within the tumor microenvironment, for example, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), may limit the response to chemo and immunotherapy protocols in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current study, the therapeutic potential of targeting the TGF-β pathway using Pirfenidone (PFD), a TGF-β inhibitor, either alone or in combination with five fluorouracil (5-FU) has been explored in preclinical models of CRC. The anti-proliferative and migratory effects of PFD were assessed by MTT and wound-healing assays respectively. Xenograft models were used to study the anti-tumor activity, histopathological, and side effects analysis. Targeting of TGF-β resulted in suppression of cell proliferation and migration, associated with modulation of survivin and MMP9/E-cadherin. Moreover, the PFD inhibited TGF-β induced tumor progression, fibrosis, and inflammatory response through perturbation of collagen and E-cadherin. Targeting the TGF-β pathway using PFD may increase the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU and reduce tumor development, providing a new therapeutic approach to CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jamialahmadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid TanzadehPanah
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khojasteh-Leylakoohi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Alaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Asghari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeide Mansouri
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Zeng K, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhang W, Xing Y, Zhou C. Inhibition of CDK1 Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Regulating ACSL4-mediated Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301088. [PMID: 37428466 PMCID: PMC10477855 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC); however, frequent drug resistance limits its therapeutic efficacy in patients. Here, this work identifies cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical contributor to oxaliplatin resistance via in vitro and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screening. CDK1 is highly expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant cells and tissues due to the loss of N6-methyladenosine modification. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of CDK1 restore the susceptibility of CRC cells to oxaliplatin in vitro and in cell/patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, CDK1 directly binds to and phosphorylates Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 (ACSL4) at S447, followed by recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 and polyubiquitination of ACSL4 at K388, K498, and K690, which leads to ACSL4 protein degradation. Reduced ACSL4 subsequently blocks the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of oxidative cell death. Moreover, treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor nullifies the enhancement of CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin by CDK1 blockade in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the findings indicate that CDK1 confers oxaliplatin resistance to cells by suppressing ferroptosis. Therefore, administration of a CDK1 inhibitor may be an attractive strategy to treat patients with oxaliplatin-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Zeng
- Precision Medical Research Institutethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710000China
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Zifei Zhang
- IIT Project Management Officethe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yue Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
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5
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Zheng Z, Wu M, Li H, Xu W, Yang M, Pan K, Ni Y, Jiang T, Zheng H, Jin X, Zhang Y, Ding L, Fu J. Downregulation of AC092894.1 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer via the USP3/AR/RASGRP3 axis. BMC Med 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 37013584 PMCID: PMC10071743 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin resistance is a complex process and has been one of the most disadvantageous factors and indeed a confrontation in the procedure of colorectal cancer. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel molecules for the treatment of chemoresistance, but the specific molecular mechanisms mediated by them are poorly understood. METHODS The lncRNAs associated with oxaliplatin resistance were screened by microarray. lncRNA effects on oxaliplatin chemoresistance were then verified by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Finally, the potential mechanism of AC092894.1 was explored by RNA pull-down, RIP, and Co-IP experiments. RESULTS AC092894.1 representation has been demonstrated to be drastically downregulated throughout oxaliplatin-induced drug-resistant CRC cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that AC092894.1 functions to reverse chemoresistance. Studies on the mechanism suggested that AC092894.1 served as a scaffold molecule that mediated the de-ubiquitination of AR through USP3, thereby increasing the transcription of RASGRP3. Finally, sustained activation of the MAPK signaling pathway induced apoptosis in CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study identified AC092894.1 as a suppressor of CRC chemoresistance and revealed the idea that targeting the AC092894.1/USP3/AR/RASGRP3 signaling axis is a novel option for the treatment of oxaliplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Kailing Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Yuqi Ni
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Hongjuan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Xiayun Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Linchao Ding
- Department of Scientific Research, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China.
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China.
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Witmer HDD, Dhiman A, Turaga KK. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: Where do we stand? Cancer 2023; 129:495-502. [PMID: 36527271 PMCID: PMC10107206 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Patients with colorectal cancer that has spread to the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) benefit from surgery to remove all the cancer. The addition of certain types of intra-abdominal chemotherapy during surgery improves survival for select patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter D D Witmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ankit Dhiman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiran K Turaga
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cai T, Jiang J, Yao W, Hu Y, Kong S, Fan Q, Yan X, Li F, Shi Z. Pirfenidone inhibits stromal collagen deposition and improves intra-tumoral delivery and antitumor efficacy of Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114015. [PMID: 36395611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of cancer nanotherapeutics is greatly restricted by the dense collagen network in solid tumors. Pirfenidone (PFD) is a clinically approved oral antifibrotic agent widely used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate whether PFD can enhance the penetration and tumor delivery efficiency of Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), colorectal cancer xenograft mice were administered PFD, PLD, or combined regimens. As expected, high-dose PFD (H-PFD, 270 mg/kg/day) combined with PLD (H-PFD + PLD) exhibited a significantly higher tumor inhibition rate than PLD monotherapy (75.09% vs. 60.87%). Similarly, the intra-tumoral doxorubicin level was markedly elevated using H-PFD pretreatment, which induced over 34% elevation compared to PLD treatment alone (3.37 ± 0.41 vs. 2.51 ± 0.19 µg/mL). Additionally, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry results of the H-PFD + PLD group revealed an attenuation of collagen deposition in vivo, and the in vitro TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen protein expression were inhibited using PFD treatment. In contrast, although low-dose PFD (60 mg/kg/day) did not present superior benefits in promoting PLD penetration into tumors, it did downregulate collagen expression in vivo. This study provides a new strategy for PFD combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve the antitumor efficacy of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wendong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310005, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Sisi Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310005, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qiaomei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xingxing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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8
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Zheng N, Wen R, Zhou L, Meng Q, Zheng K, Li Z, Cao F, Zhang W. Multiregion single cell analysis reveals a novel subtype of cancer-associated fibroblasts located in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101570. [PMID: 36371957 PMCID: PMC9660844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in shaping tumor progression and determining the outcome of the therapeutic response. In this study, we aimed to generate a comprehensive cellular landscape of the colorectal cancer (CRC) TME. METHODS We generated a comprehensive single-cell atlas by collecting CRC cases that have been uploaded to the online database and conducting an in-depth secondary analysis. We then carried out spatial transcriptomic sequencing and multiple immunohistochemical analyses to verify the results of the single-cell analysis. Moreover, we applied our findings to the TCGA database and used tissue microarray (TMA) on CRC tissue specimens to validate clinical prognosis. FINDINGS We re-analyzed the transcriptomes of 23785 cells, revealing a pattern of cell heterogeneity in the tumor region, leading-edge region, and non-tumor region. A subtype of COL11A1+INHBA+ tumor-resident cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was identified, and marker genes, transcription factors, and tissue-specific expression differences were noted and suggested to have potential roles in promoting cancer. We further confirmed that COL11A1+INHBA+ tumor-resident CAFs are mainly located in the hypoxic TME and we propose that they interact with CD44+ CRC cells via INHBA. Elevation of INHBA in CRC is associated with a poor prognosis. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrated a single cell landscape of CRC in different regions and identified in hypoxic TME a special subtype of CAFs producing INHBA, which promotes CRC development and correlates with poor prognosis. This special subtype of CAFs is a candidate target for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongbo Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leqi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author.
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Wu Z, Ju Q. Non-Coding RNAs Implicated in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer: Roles, Mechanisms and Clinical Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:888276. [PMID: 35574420 PMCID: PMC9096125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The morbidity and mortality rates have been increasing all over the world. It is critical to elucidate the mechanism of CRC occurrence and development. However, tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cytokines, chemokines and other components that affect the progression of CRC and patients’ prognosis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) without protein-coding ability have been shown to engage in tumor microenvironment-mediated angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of ncRNAs regulating the microenvironment is very important to develop the therapeutic target of CRC and improve the survival time of patients. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and puts forward possible clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Ju
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Zhang L, Wu H, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Chu F, Zhang L. Induction of lncRNA NORAD accounts for hypoxia-induced chemoresistance and vasculogenic mimicry in colorectal cancer by sponging the miR-495-3p/ hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Bioengineered 2022; 13:950-962. [PMID: 34969360 PMCID: PMC8805945 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2015530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment represents the hallmark of solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC) and facilitates angiogenesis and chemoresistance, leading to poor prognosis. lncRNA NORAD acts as an oncogenic gene to orchestrate cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation and migration. Notably, an emerging study corroborates the elevation of NORAD during hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, its biological role in hypoxia-evoked CRC remains unclear. Herein, enhanced expression of NORAD and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was validated in CRC tissues. Furthermore, there was a positive association between NORAD and HIF-1α in CRC tissues. CRC cells exposed to hypoxia exhibited a stronger ability to form vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), concomitant with higher expression of NORAD. NORAD knockdown restrained hypoxia-induced VM formation and VM marker VE-cadherin expression. Moreover, knockdown of NORAD counteracted CRC cell resistance to 5-FU by decreasing cell viability and increasing cell apoptosis. Additionally, NORAD loss reduced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin expression. Intriguingly, HIF-1α overexpression reversed NORAD downregulation-mediated inhibition of VM formation and 5-FU resistance. There was a low expression of miR-495-3p in CRC tissues. Furthermore, NORAD could act as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-495-3p to regulate HIF-1α. Importantly, inhibition of miR-495-3p muted the efficacy of NORAD loss in hypoxia-induced EMT, VM, and chemoresistance. Thus, the current data highlight that NORAD knockdown may antagonize hypoxia-triggered CRC malignancy by suppressing VM formation and chemoresistance by sponging miR-495-3p/HIF-1α to regulate EMT, supporting a promising therapeutic target for refractory hypoxia in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Xiao
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Chu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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11
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Eigeliene N, Saarenheimo J, Wichmann V, Österlund P, Jekunen A. Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma with Long-Term Remission due to Modern Multimodality Treatment. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1475-1482. [PMID: 34899239 PMCID: PMC8613627 DOI: 10.1159/000519044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine, systemic treatment with chemotherapy in combination with targeted drugs, tailored according to RAS and BRAF status, has improved the survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but curative resection of metastases provides the only chance of cure. Here, we present a 40-year-old male with rectal adenocarcinoma and multiple bilateral synchronous liver metastases who has achieved long-term remission with multimodal treatment without resection of all metastatic lesions. This case emphasizes the need of repeated multidisciplinary team assessments and change of treatment intent if extraordinary responses are seen. The initial therapy consisted of short-course radiotherapy and surgery of the primary tumor followed by oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy and panitumumab with disease control intent. A complete radiologic response in >20 liver metastases in segments II–VIII was obtained. A biopsy-verified relapse of 3 liver metastases occurred at 9 months of treatment pause. Subsequently, major liver resection of 8 lesions was performed (4 with adenocarcinoma and 4 with cicatrix showing the challenge of disappearing lesions), followed by 6 months of adjuvant-like therapy. No relapse in MRI, PET, or CT has been noted since liver resection 6 years ago. Comprehensive genomic profiling of the primary tumor and liver metastases had similar driver mutations representing a low level of gene alteration and low diversity, possibly explaining the exceptional treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Eigeliene
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,University of Turku, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku, Finland
| | - Jatta Saarenheimo
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Viktor Wichmann
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,University of Turku, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Österlund
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology & Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Comprehensive, Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Jekunen
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,University of Turku, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku, Finland
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12
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Sharma A, Sharma A, Sharma V, Kumar S, Kumar A, Deo S, Pathy S, Shukla NK, Pramanik R, Raina V, Thulkar S, Kumar R, Mohanti BK. Long-Term Survivors of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 10:87-91. [PMID: 34568221 PMCID: PMC8460352 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is poor and goal of treatment is mainly palliative unless there is limited metastatic disease which is surgically resectable. Here, we report a case series of long-term survivors treated predominantly with chemotherapy.
Methods
This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients of mCRC. Records of metastatic colorectal cancer patients registered at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between the year 2005 and 2015 were retrieved and reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients who survived 5 years or more, treated mainly by chemotherapy, with either initial presentation as metastatic disease or those who progressed after initial surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. The details about the patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome were collected. The data were censored on September 30, 2020.
Results
Records of 370 mCRC patients were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with all the available details fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. Median age was 53 years (range, 22–74 years). Sixteen were women (51.6%). Twenty-four (77%) were newly diagnosed cases with initial presentation as metastatic disease. Commonest site of primary was on the left (21, 67.6%) followed by right side and transverse colon in 5 patients each. Liver was the most common site of metastasis (
n
= 18, 58.06%). In metastatic setting, the most common chemotherapy regimen used in the first line was CAPOX (
n
= 11, 35.48%). Only three patients could undergo metastatectomy. Monoclonal antibodies could be used only in 14 patients. Median overall survival (OS) of this cohort is 81.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.73–117.9).
Conclusion
A small but significant proportion of mCRC patients may achieve and maintain durable responses and long term survival with use of combination of chemotherapy with or without biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Svs Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushmita Pathy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N K Shukla
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Raina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Thulkar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B K Mohanti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Research updates on the clinical implication of long noncoding RNA in digestive system cancers and chemoresistance. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:423. [PMID: 34603923 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. They are also key players in various biological pathways. LncRNA was considered as 'translational noise' before 1980s. It has been reported that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in different cancers, either as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, more and more lncRNAs are recognized as potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. As competitive endogenous RNA, lncRNAs can interact with microRNA to alter the expression of target genes, which may have extensive clinical implications in cancers, including diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and chemoresistance. This review comprehensively summarizes the functions and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in digestive system cancers, especially as a potential tool to overcome chemoresistance.
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14
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Wu C, Liu X, Li B, Sun G, Peng C, Xiang D. miR‑451 suppresses the malignant characteristics of colorectal cancer via targeting SAMD4B. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:557. [PMID: 34109425 PMCID: PMC8188639 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and recurrence are major causes of poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the biological behavior of microRNA (miR)‑451 in CRC deserves further investigation. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was applied to measure the relative expression of miR‑451 in blood serum specimens from patients with CRC and CRC cells. In vitro, HCT116 cells were transfected with miR‑451 mimics, a miR‑451 inhibitor, or SAMD4B plasmids. Proliferation, migration and apoptosis were measured using CCK‑8, Transwell assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify targets of miR‑451 and western blotting performed to explore the internal mechanisms of miR‑451 regulation. In vivo, the effect of miR‑451 and SAMD4B plasmids on tumor growth was analyzed using a nude mouse xenograft model. Results indicated that serum miR‑451 expression was lower in patients with CRC compared with healthy controls. Patients with elevated expression of miR‑451 had longer survival times compared with those with low expression. Overexpression of miR‑451 inhibited proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy. SAMD4B was identified as a direct target of miR‑451 using miRNA target prediction programs and dual luciferase reporter assay validated the binding site of miR‑451 in the 3‑'UTR region of SAMD4B. Further studies confirmed that miR‑451 inhibited CRC progression via targeting SAMD4B. Results indicated that miR‑451 is essential for blocking tumor growth via targeting SAMD4B in vivo and in vitro. The miR‑451/SAMD4B axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Peng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
| | - Debing Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
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15
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Deng X, Kong F, Li S, Jiang H, Dong L, Xu X, Zhang X, Yuan H, Xu Y, Chu Y, Peng H, Guan M. A KLF4/PiHL/EZH2/HMGA2 regulatory axis and its function in promoting oxaliplatin-resistance of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:485. [PMID: 33986248 PMCID: PMC8119946 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a new class of regulatory molecules implicated in therapeutic resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) are poorly understood. In this study, lncRNA P53 inHibiting LncRNA (PiHL) was shown to be highly induced in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and tumor tissues. In vitro and in vivo models clarified PiHL’s role in conferring resistance to oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis. PiHL antagonized chemosensitivity through binding with EZH2, repressing location of EZH2 to HMGA2 promoter, and downregulating methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) level in HMGA2 promoter, thus activating HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, HMGA2 upregulation induced by PiHL promotes PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, which resulted in increased oxaliplatin resistance. We also found that transcription factor KLF4 was downregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant cells, and KLF4 negatively regulated PiHL expression by binding to PiHL promoter. In vivo models further demonstrated that treatment of oxaliplatin-resistant CRC with locked nucleic acids targeting PiHL restored oxaliplatin response. Collectively, this study established lncRNA PiHL as a chemoresistance promoter in CRC, and targeting PiHL/EZH2/HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signaling axis represents a novel choice in the investigation of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 222300, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Haoqin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liu Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yimin Chu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Haixia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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16
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Yang Y, Yan X, Li X, Ma Y, Goel A. Long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: Novel oncogenic mechanisms and promising clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:67-80. [PMID: 33577977 PMCID: PMC9715275 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the improvements in CRC diagnosis and treatment approaches, a considerable proportion of CRC patients still suffers from poor prognosis due to late disease detections and lack of personalized disease managements. Recent evidences have not only provided important molecular insights into their mechanistic behaviors but also indicated that identification of cancer-specific long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) could benefit earlier disease detections and improve treatment outcomes in patients suffering from CRC. LncRNAs have raised extensive attentions as they participate in various hallmarks of CRC. The mechanistic evidence gleaned in the recent decade clearly reveals that lncRNAs exert their oncogenic roles by regulating autophagy, epigenetic modifications, enhancing stem phenotype and modifying tumor microenvironment. In view of their pleiotropic functional roles in malignant progression, and their frequently dysregulated expression in CRC patients, they have great potential to be reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC. In the present review, we will focus on the oncogenic roles of lncRNAs and related mechanisms in CRC as well as discuss their clinical potential in the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction and therapeutic translation in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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17
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Klempner SJ, Ryan DP. HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal metastases. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:162-164. [PMID: 33476594 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Klempner
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Correlation of clinicopathological features and LGR5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 48:151587. [PMID: 32829068 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and treatment response, and LGR5 is currently the most robust and reliable CSC marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, LGR5 expression in CRC tumor budding (TB) is not well understood. We examined the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LGR5 in CRC TB. LGR5 expression was evaluated by RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique, using a tissue microarray consisting of 55 patient samples of TB in colon adenocarcinoma (CA) selected from the medical archives at our hospital. Patients were stratified into negative and positive LGR5 expression groups. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and histological grade were lower in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = .0407 and P = .0436, respectively). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the LGR5-positive group and the LGR5-negative group (log-rank test, P = .6931). LGR5 expression did not remain a predictor of prognosis in univariate analysis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.33-2.02, P = .6928). LGR5 expression may be affected by TILs, which have been demonstrated to be associated with worse prognosis in the budding area of CA and is an important potential marker of prognosis.
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19
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Raoof M, Jutric Z, Haye S, Ituarte PHG, Zhao B, Singh G, Melstrom L, Warner SG, Clary B, Fong Y. Systematic failure to operate on colorectal cancer liver metastases in California. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6256-6267. [PMID: 32687265 PMCID: PMC7476837 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite evidence that liver resection improves survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) and may be potentially curative, there are no population‐level data examining utilization and predictors of liver resection in the United States. Methods This is a population‐based cross‐sectional study. We abstracted data on patients with synchronous CRCLM using California Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2012 and linked the records to the Office of Statewide Health Planning Inpatient Database. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to map liver resection rates to California counties. Patient‐ and hospital‐level predictors were determined using mixed‐effects logistic regression. Results Of the 24 828 patients diagnosed with stage‐IV colorectal cancer, 16 382 (70%) had synchronous CRCLM. Overall liver resection rate for synchronous CRCLM was 10% (county resection rates ranging from 0% to 33%) with no improvement over time. There was no correlation between county incidence of synchronous CRCLM and rate of resection (R2 = .0005). On multivariable analysis, sociodemographic and treatment‐initiating‐facility characteristics were independently associated with receipt of liver resection after controlling for patient disease‐ and comorbidity‐related factors. For instance, odds of liver resection decreased in patients with black race (OR 0.75 vs white) and Medicaid insurance (OR 0.62 vs private/PPO); but increased with initial treatment at NCI hospital (OR 1.69 vs Non‐NCI hospital), or a high volume (10 + cases/year) (OR 1.40 vs low volume) liver surgery hospital. Conclusion In this population‐based study, only 10% of patients with liver metastases underwent liver resection. Furthermore, the study identifies wide variations and significant population‐level disparities in the utilization of liver resection for CRCLM in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zeljka Jutric
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sidra Haye
- Department of Economics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip H G Ituarte
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Beiqun Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laleh Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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20
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Qi FF, Yang Y, Zhang H, Chen H. Long non-coding RNAs: Key regulators in oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110329. [PMID: 32502843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world with high relapse and mortality rates. Although oxaliplatin (OXA), a platinum-based anticancer drug, is widely used in CRC treatment, the resulting chemoresistance dramatically attenuates the drug efficacy and increases the failure rate of this therapy. Thus, the study on OXA-induced chemoresistance is extremely urgent. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that lncRNAs play irreplaceable roles in drug resistance. However, we only have a limited knowledge of the lncRNAs that are closely related to oxaliplatin resistance in CRC. In present study, we identify and characterize these lncRNAs, including their functions, underlying mechanisms and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yunyao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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21
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The emergence of long-term survivors in recurrent and metastatic squamous cell head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 31:160-168. [PMID: 30844888 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The systemic therapies available in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to date are palliative-intent treatments in most cases. However, a small subgroup of patients derives unconventional benefit and become long-term survivors, achieving cure in some cases. This review focusses on this group of patients, discusses recent literature and suggests plausible molecular hypothesis. RECENT FINDINGS Human papillomavirus-related disease is known to confer a better prognosis in metastatic patients, probably because of its greater sensitivity to systemic therapies. This group of patients seems to have a greater immune activation, which could partly explain this fact. Moreover, the use of antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapies in the metastatic setting has doubled the prevalence of long-term survivors. One of the most plausible explanations is the immune-modulatory effect of cetuximab mediated by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.These facts, along with the recent encouraging results of checkpoint inhibitors in this disease, give hope that these therapies will not only improve survival but also increase the prevalence of long-term survivors. SUMMARY Long-term survivors merit our utmost attention as an in-depth study of these patients could help us to better understand the tumour biology and allow us to develop robust biomarkers and effective targeted therapies, which could in turn lead to a true paradigm shift.
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22
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Allam RM, El-Halawany AM, Al-Abd AM. Chemo-sensitizing agents from natural origin for colorectal cancer: Pharmacodynamic and cellular pharmacokinetics approaches. DRUG RESISTANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES 2020:93-116. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819937-4.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Long Y, Wang D. Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Imidazole Through Activation of Apoptotic Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7597-7604. [PMID: 31597910 PMCID: PMC6798726 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of imidazole on colon cancer cell proliferation and understand the mechanism involved. Material/Methods MTT assay and flow cytometry using Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess cell proliferation and morphology, respectively. Changes in protein expression was determined by western blotting assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in DLD-1 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry using DCFH-DA (2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) stain. Results DLD-1 and HCT-116 cell viability was suppressed by imidazole in a concentration-based manner. At the concentration of 36 μM, imidazole reduced DLD-1 and HCT-116 cell viability to 22% and 28%, respectively. Treatment with imidazole led to chromatin material condensation, detaching of cells, and apoptotic nuclei. In imidazole treated cells, the G1/G0 phase cell proportion increased, whereas in the S and G2/M phases the cell proportion decreased. Imidazole treatment of DLD-1 cells markedly promoted activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. The level of cleaved PARP1 was also upregulated in DLD-1 cells with imidazole treatment. Treatment of DLD-1 cells with imidazole suppressed Bcl-2 and promoted Bax, p53, and cytc expression. The Akt activation was suppressed by imidazole treatment in DLD-1 cells. ROS generation in DLD-1 cells was enhanced markedly by treatment with imidazole. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that imidazole inhibited colon cancer cell viability through activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by increasing the generation of ROS, caspase activation, and apoptotic protein expression. Therefore, imidazole can act as a therapeutic molecule for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Long
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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24
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Deng X, Ruan H, Zhang X, Xu X, Zhu Y, Peng H, Zhang X, Kong F, Guan M. Long noncoding RNA CCAL transferred from fibroblasts by exosomes promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1700-1716. [PMID: 31381140 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Current efforts to eradicate CRC predominantly focused on targeting the proliferation of rapidly growing cancer epithelial cells. This is largely ineffective with resistance arising in most tumors after exposure to chemotherapy. Despite the long-standing recognition of the crosstalk between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, how CAFs may contribute to drug resistance in neighboring cancer cells is not well characterized. Here, we show that lncRNA CCAL (colorectal cancer-associated lncRNA) promotes oxaliplatin (Oxa) resistance of CRC cells. RNA-ISH shows higher CCAL expressed in the tumor stroma compared to cancer nests of CRC tissues. Functional studies reveal that CCAL is transferred from CAFs to the cancer cells via exosomes, where it suppresses CRC cell apoptosis, confers chemoresistance and activates β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CCAL interacts directly with mRNA stabilizing protein HuR (human antigen R) to increase β-catenin mRNA and protein levels. Our findings indicate that CCAL expressed by CAFs of the colorectal tumor stroma contributes to tumor chemoresistance and CCAL may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Oxa resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Schneider C, Arndt S, Zimmermann JL, Li Y, Karrer S, Bosserhoff AK. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment inhibits growth in colorectal cancer cells. Biol Chem 2019; 400:111-122. [PMID: 29908123 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasma oncology is a relatively new field of research. Recent developments have indicated that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology is an interesting new therapeutic approach to cancer treatment. In this study, p53 wildtype (LoVo) and human p53 mutated (HT29 and SW480) colorectal cancer cells were treated with the miniFlatPlaSter - a device particularly developed for the treatment of tumor cells - that uses the Surface Micro Discharge (SMD) technology for plasma production in air. The present study analyzed the effects of plasma on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and on normal colon tissue ex vivo. Plasma treatment had strong effects on colon cancer cells, such as inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell death and modulation of p21 expression. In contrast, CAP treatment of murine colon tissue ex vivo for up to 2 min did not show any toxic effect on normal colon cells compared to H2O2 positive control. In summary, these results suggest that the miniFlatPlaSter plasma device is able to kill colorectal cancer cells independent of their p53 mutation status. Thus, this device presents a promising new approach in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Arndt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Yangfang Li
- Terraplasma GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 8, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Kim E, Bay GH, Kim CA. Durable complete response in a patient with metastatic left-sided colon cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and panitumumab: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1302-1305. [PMID: 31360471 PMCID: PMC6637324 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are rare patients with metastatic colon cancer who experience dramatic and durable responses. Primary tumor location is a prognostic and potentially predictive factor and should be taken into consideration when deciding on the optimal first-line therapy to be used in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kim
- Department of Medicine, Saint‐Boniface HospitalUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Graham H. Bay
- Department of RadiologySaint‐Boniface HospitalWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Christina A. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Saint‐Boniface HospitalUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Section of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Department of MedicineSaint‐Boniface HospitalWinnipegManitobaCanada
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27
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Correlation of clinicopathological features and LGR5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:161-165. [PMID: 31100646 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and treatment response, and LGR5 is currently the most robust and reliable CSC marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, LGR5 expression in CRC tumor budding (TB) is not well understood. We examined the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LGR5 in CRC TB. LGR5 expression was evaluated by RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique, using a tissue microarray consisting of 55 patient samples of TB in colon adenocarcinoma (CA) selected from the medical archives at our hospital. Patients were stratified into negative and positive LGR5 expression groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration was weaker and histological grade was lower in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = 0.0407 and P = 0.0436, respectively). There was a significant difference in OS between the LGR5-positive group and LGR5-negative group (log-rank test, P = 0.0088). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that the LGR5-positive group (Overall survival (OS) = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.79, P = 0.0101) had better OS. LGR5 expression may be affected by inflammatory cell infiltration in the budding area of CA and is an important potential marker of prognosis.
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28
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Delgado-Ureña M, Ortega FG, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rodriguez-Martínez A, García-Puche JL, Ilyine H, Lorente JA, Exposito-Hernandez J, Garrido-Navas MC, Delgado-Ramirez M, Serrano MJ. Circulating tumor cells criteria (CyCAR) versus standard RECIST criteria for treatment response assessment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Transl Med 2018; 16:251. [PMID: 30189880 PMCID: PMC6127986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as indicators of treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) needs to be clarified. The objective of this study is to compare the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) with the Cytologic Criteria Assessing Response (CyCAR), based on the presence and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, as indicators of FOLFOX–bevacizumab treatment response. Methods 77 mCRC blood samples from FOLFOX–bevacizumab treated patients were analyzed to isolate CTCs before and after (12 and 24 weeks) treatment, using an immunomagnetic separation method. VEGFR expression was identified by double immunostaining. Results We observed a decrease of CTCs (42.8 vs. 18.2%) and VEGFR positivity (69.7% vs. 41.7%) after treatment. According to RECIST, 6.45% of the patients did not show any clinical benefit, whereas 93.55% patients showed a favorable response at 12 weeks. According to CyCAR, 29% had a non-favorable response and 71% patients did not. No significant differences were found between the response assessment by RECIST and CyCAR at 12 or 24 weeks. However, in the multivariate analysis, RECIST at 12 weeks and CyCAR at 24 weeks were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.58 and HR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.99 respectively). Conclusions CyCAR results were comparable to RECIST in evaluating the response in mCRC and can be used as an alternative when the limitation of RECIST requires additional response analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Delgado-Ureña
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco G Ortega
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Martínez
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain.,DestiNA Genomics Ltd, 7-11 Melville St, Edinburgh, EH3 7PE, UK.,Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBERESP, University of Jaen, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23072, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jose L García-Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Hugh Ilyine
- DestiNA Genomics Ltd, 7-11 Melville St, Edinburgh, EH3 7PE, UK
| | - Jose A Lorente
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Exposito-Hernandez
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Garrido-Navas
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Ramirez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBERESP, University of Jaen, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23072, Jaén, Spain
| | - M José Serrano
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain. .,Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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29
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Hypoxic tumor microenvironment activates GLI2 via HIF-1α and TGF-β2 to promote chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5990-E5999. [PMID: 29891662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801348115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer patients often relapse after chemotherapy, owing to the survival of stem or progenitor cells referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although tumor stromal factors are known to contribute to chemoresistance, it remains not fully understood how CSCs in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment escape the chemotherapy. Here, we report that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-secreted TGF-β2 converge to activate the expression of hedgehog transcription factor GLI2 in CSCs, resulting in increased stemness/dedifferentiation and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Genetic or small-molecule inhibitor-based ablation of HIF-1α/TGF-β2-mediated GLI2 signaling effectively reversed the chemoresistance caused by the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, high expression levels of HIF-1α/TGF-β2/GLI2 correlated robustly with the patient relapse following chemotherapy, highlighting a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Our study thus uncovers a molecular mechanism by which hypoxic colorectal tumor microenvironment promotes cancer cell stemness and resistance to chemotherapy and suggests a potentially targeted treatment approach to mitigating chemoresistance.
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30
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Downs-Canner S, Shuai Y, Ramalingam L, Pingpank JF, Holtzman MP, Zeh HJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Safety and efficacy of combined resection of colorectal peritoneal and liver metastases. J Surg Res 2017; 219:194-201. [PMID: 29078882 PMCID: PMC5663460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if a select subgroup of patients with combined liver and peritoneal colorectal metastases would derive oncologic benefit from surgical resection as a component of multimodality treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively compared 32 patients with combined colorectal peritoneal and liver metastases (CRLM) and 173 patients with peritoneal metastases only (CRPM) undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS-HIPEC). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox-regression models identified prognostic factors affecting survival. RESULTS Major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 3-5) occurred in 32% (CRLM) and 17% (CRPM) of patients (P = 0.08). After an estimated median follow-up from surgery of 57 mo, propensity score-adjusted median progression-free survival was 5.1 mo (CRLM) and 7.6 mo (CRPM), whereas median overall survival was 13 mo (CRLM) and 21 mo (CRPM). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis of the CRLM group identified number of liver metastases to be the only independent predictor of poor survival (hazard ratio: 2.3, P = 0.03), with a dramatic decrease in survival in patients with more than three liver metastases. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous resection of colorectal liver metastases at the time of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion for peritoneal metastases may be associated with worse survival, especially in patients with more than three liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongli Shuai
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Biostatistics Facility, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - Lekshmi Ramalingam
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - James F Pingpank
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - Matthew P Holtzman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - David L Bartlett
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvannia.
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31
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Cohen JD, Javed AA, Thoburn C, Wong F, Tie J, Gibbs P, Schmidt CM, Yip-Schneider MT, Allen PJ, Schattner M, Brand RE, Singhi AD, Petersen GM, Hong SM, Kim SC, Falconi M, Doglioni C, Weiss MJ, Ahuja N, He J, Makary MA, Maitra A, Hanash SM, Dal Molin M, Wang Y, Li L, Ptak J, Dobbyn L, Schaefer J, Silliman N, Popoli M, Goggins MG, Hruban RH, Wolfgang CL, Klein AP, Tomasetti C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Lennon AM. Combined circulating tumor DNA and protein biomarker-based liquid biopsy for the earlier detection of pancreatic cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10202-10207. [PMID: 28874546 PMCID: PMC5617273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704961114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The earlier diagnosis of cancer is one of the keys to reducing cancer deaths in the future. Here we describe our efforts to develop a noninvasive blood test for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We combined blood tests for KRAS gene mutations with carefully thresholded protein biomarkers to determine whether the combination of these markers was superior to any single marker. The cohort tested included 221 patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 182 control patients without known cancer. KRAS mutations were detected in the plasma of 66 patients (30%), and every mutation found in the plasma was identical to that subsequently found in the patient's primary tumor (100% concordance). The use of KRAS in conjunction with four thresholded protein biomarkers increased the sensitivity to 64%. Only one of the 182 plasma samples from the control cohort was positive for any of the DNA or protein biomarkers (99.5% specificity). This combinatorial approach may prove useful for the earlier detection of many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Cohen
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Christopher Thoburn
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Fay Wong
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3021, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3021, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - C Max Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Mark Schattner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Research Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Research Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew J Weiss
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Martin A Makary
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Samir M Hanash
- The Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Marco Dal Molin
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Janine Ptak
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Lisa Dobbyn
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Joy Schaefer
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Natalie Silliman
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Maria Popoli
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | | | - Alison P Klein
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Cristian Tomasetti
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- The Ludwig Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Anne Marie Lennon
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287;
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Illán A, Aires J, Quintana L. Long survival in a patient with metastatic colorrectal carcinoma: reality or utopia? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 109:667. [PMID: 28689428 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2017.4817/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 42-year-old male patient with mucinous-type metastatic colorectal carcinoma of eight years of evolution. He has received multiple lines of cytostatic treatment with acceptable tolerance and without significant impairment in his quality of life. At present, it is estimated that the overall survival of metastatic colon cancer in cytostatic treatment is around 24 months. However, a small subset of patients may present prolonged survivals of 5 to 10 years after diagnosis, revealing heterogeneity of tumor behavior and response to treatment. Our clinical case represents a long survivor patient despite the advanced stage of his oncological mucinous-colorrectal disease, endorsed in the scientific literature as having worse rates of objective response and less survival. There are different therapeutic approaches that can achieve a significant overall survival. It is essential in clinical practice to use all drugs available to achieve increase of progression-free survival and overall survival, with maintenance of an adequate quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Illán
- Oncología Médica, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres, España
| | - Jonathan Aires
- Oncología Médica, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres
| | - Laura Quintana
- Oncología Médica, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres
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Wu T, Chen W, Zhong Y, Hou X, Fang S, Liu CY, Wang G, Yu T, Huang YY, Ouyang X, Li HQX, Cui L, Yang Y. Nuclear Export of Ubiquitinated Proteins Determines the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer to Proteasome Inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:717-728. [PMID: 27903750 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib had significant therapeutic effects in multiple myeloma and mantel cell lymphoma, they exhibited minimal clinical activity as a monotherapy for solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. We found in this study that proteasome inhibition induced a remarkable nuclear exportation of ubiquitinated proteins. Inhibition of CRM1, the nuclear export carrier protein, hampered protein export and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic action of bortezomib on colon cancer cells containing wild-type p53, which underwent G2-M cell-cycle block and apoptosis. Further analysis indicated that tumor suppressor p53 was one of the proteins exported from nuclei upon proteasome inhibition, and in the presence of CRM1 inhibitor KPT330, nuclear p53, and expression of its target genes were increased markedly. Moreover, knockdown of p53 significantly reduced the synergistic cytotoxic action of bortezomib and KPT330 on p53+/+ HCT116 cells. In mice, KPT330 markedly augmented the antitumor action of bortezomib against HCT116 xenografts as well as patient-derived xenografts that harbored functional p53. These results indicate that nuclear p53 is a major mediator in the synergistic antitumor effect of bortezomib and KPT330, and provides a rationale for the use of proteasome inhibitor together with nuclear export blocker in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is conceivable that targeting nuclear exportation may serve as a novel strategy to overcome resistance and raise chemotherapeutic efficacy, especially for the drugs that activate the p53 system. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 717-28. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongwang Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaodan Hou
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Department of Physiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yili Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Non-thermal gas plasma-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2268-74. [PMID: 27573888 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common type of tumor among both men and women worldwide. Conventional remedies such as chemotherapies pose the risk of side‑effects, and in many cases cancer cells develop chemoresistance to these treatments. Non‑thermal gas plasma (NTGP) was recently identified as a potential tool for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential use of NTGP to control SNUC5 human colon carcinoma cells. We hypothesized that NTGP would generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells, resulting in induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ROS generation, expression of ER stress‑related proteins and mitochondrial calcium levels were analyzed. Our results confirmed that plasma‑generated ROS induce apoptosis in SNUC5 cells. Furthermore, we found that plasma exposure resulted in mitochondrial calcium accumulation and expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins such as glucose‑related protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R (PKR)‑like ER kinase (PERK), and inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). Elevated expression of spliced X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) further confirmed that ROS generated by NTGP induces apoptosis through the ER stress signaling pathway.
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Lucidi V, Hendlisz A, Van Laethem JL, Donckier V. Missing metastases as a model to challenge current therapeutic algorithms in colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3937-3944. [PMID: 27099436 PMCID: PMC4823243 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i15.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncosurgical approach to colorectal liver metastases, surgery remains considered as the only potentially curative option, while chemotherapy alone represents a strictly palliative treatment. However, missing metastases, defined as metastases disappearing after chemotherapy, represent a unique model to evaluate the curative potential of chemotherapy and to challenge current therapeutic algorithms. We reviewed recent series on missing colorectal liver metastases to evaluate incidence of this phenomenon, predictive factors and rates of cure defined by complete pathologic response in resected missing metastases and sustained clinical response when they were left unresected. According to the progresses in the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimen, the incidence of missing liver metastases regularly increases these last years. Main predictive factors are small tumor size, low marker level, duration of chemotherapy, and use of intra-arterial chemotherapy. Initial series showed low rates of complete pathologic response in resected missing metastases and high recurrence rates when unresected. However, recent reports describe complete pathologic responses and sustained clinical responses reaching 50%, suggesting that chemotherapy could be curative in some cases. Accordingly, in case of missing colorectal liver metastases, the classical recommendation to resect initial tumor sites might have become partially obsolete. Furthermore, the curative effect of chemotherapy in selected cases could lead to a change of paradigm in patients with unresectable liver-only metastases, using intensive first-line chemotherapy to intentionally induce missing metastases, followed by adjuvant surgery on remnant chemoresistant tumors and close surveillance of initial sites that have been left unresected.
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36
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Cercek A, Cusack JC, Ryan DP. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e208-11. [PMID: 25993175 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colon cancer remains a controversial issue. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is associated with worse survival and has led to an aggressive treatment that combines surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). This review will describe the rationale behind this treatment and the current controversy surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cercek
- From the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James C Cusack
- From the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David P Ryan
- From the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Miao X, Zhu K, Cui S, Meng Q, Sun J, Wang T. MicroRNA-425-5p regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells via regulation of Programmed Cell Death 10. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:360-9. [PMID: 26647742 PMCID: PMC4727563 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in cancer treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. MiR‐425‐5p has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few cancer types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect miR‐425‐5p expression levels between drug resistant and parental cancer cells. MiR‐425‐5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter‐Glo® assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of miR‐425‐5p. Xenograft mouse models were used to examine in vivo function of miR‐425‐5p. Our data showed that expression of miR‐425‐5p was significantly up‐regulated in HCT116‐R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of miR‐425‐5p reversed chemoresistance in HCT116‐R cells. Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) is the direct target of miR‐425‐5p which is required for the regulatory role of miR‐425‐5p in chemoresistance. MiR‐425‐5p inhibitor sensitized HCT116‐R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that miR‐425‐5p regulates chemoresistance of CRC cells by modulating PDCD10 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. MiR‐425‐5p may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingqian Hu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Miao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyu Zhu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songkui Cui
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jialin Sun
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chan CHF, Cusack JC, Ryan DP. A critical look at local-regional management of peritoneal metastasis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:153-8. [PMID: 25475577 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
For patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, the presence of peritoneal metastases is a poor prognostic feature. Despite the improvement in systemic therapy, long-term survival remains poor for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be associated with long-term survival in patients who have limited peritoneal disease, particularly those who can have complete cytoreduction. Whether the possible benefit of CRS and HIPEC is from the surgical resection of all disease or the combination of CRS and HIPEC remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H F Chan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Yawkey 7B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James C Cusack
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Yawkey 7B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Yawkey 7B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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39
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Wu T, Wang Z, Liu Y, Mei Z, Wang G, Liang Z, Cui A, Hu X, Cui L, Yang Y, Liu CY. Interleukin 22 protects colorectal cancer cells from chemotherapy by activating the STAT3 pathway and inducing autocrine expression of interleukin 8. Clin Immunol 2014; 154:116-26. [PMID: 25063444 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is the major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment failure. The cytokine IL-22, which is produced by T cells and NK cells, is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression in cancers. However, the role of IL-22 in chemoresistance has not been investigated. We found that IL-22 levels in tumor tissues and peripheral blood were associated with chemoresistance and indicate poor prognosis for patients who received FOLFOX chemotherapy. In CRC cells, IL-22 was able to attenuate the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of 5-FU and OXA by activating the STAT3 pathway and subsequently increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. In addition, IL-22 conferred resistance to 5-FU and OXA by inducing IL-8 autocrine expression through STAT3 activation. Our findings identify IL-22 as a novel chemoresistance cytokine and may be a useful prognostic biomarker for CRC patients receiving FOLFOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhongchuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhonglin Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ang Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yili Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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40
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Paul D, Gold M, Nouraddin N. Prolonged survival in metastatic colorectal cancer following chemotherapy. Clin Case Rep 2014; 2:219-23. [PMID: 25614815 PMCID: PMC4302629 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE The cost of treating metastatic colorectal cancer has increased significantly after the introduction of targeted antivascular therapies. We report the unusual case of a patient with colorectal cancer with several large liver metastases at diagnosis, who was cured after removal of the primary tumor and treatment with 5-FU/LV only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doru Paul
- Monter Cancer Center, North Shore LIJ Cancer Institute450 Lakeville Road, Lake Success, New York, 11042
| | - Menachem Gold
- Department of Radiology Medicine Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center 234 East 149 streetBronx, New York, 10451
| | - Nouraddin Nouraddin
- Department of Internal Medicine St. Mary Medical Center1500 S Lake Park Ave, Hobart, Indiana, 46342
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41
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To HIPEC or Not to HIPEC? That Is The Question. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Jones R, Stättner S, Sutton P, Dunne D, McWhirter D, Fenwick S, Malik H, Poston G. Controversies in the oncosurgical management of liver limited stage IV colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol 2014; 23:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhang L, Li L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li C. MC3 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line enriched cancer stem-like cells following chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1569-1575. [PMID: 24765178 PMCID: PMC3997737 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is common in human salivary glands. Surgery is the preferred treatment method for MEC and chemotherapy is often administered following surgery as an adjuvant cancer treatment; however, chemotherapy does not completely prevent tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence has indicated the existence of cancer stem-like (CSL)-cells in tumors. CSL-cells are important in the development, invasion and drug resistance of carcinomas. The present study aimed to investigate whether chemotherapy enriched the CSL-cells in the MEC cell line of MC3 using 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The MC3 cells were treated with 5-Fu, which enhanced the spherogenesis and vitality of the cells and upregulated the pluripotency gene, octamer-binding transcription factor 4. Side population analysis demonstrated that the proportion of CSL-cells also increased. These findings showed that compared with other types of cancer cells, chemotherapy was unable to effectively kill the CSL-cells resulting in an enriched CSL-cell subpopulation with a higher resistance to chemotherapy, which may have been key the recurrence of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louqiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Maruyama T, Murata S, Nakayama K, Sano N, Ogawa K, Nowatari T, Tamura T, Nozaki R, Fukunaga K, Ohkohchi N. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses liver metastasis of human colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:625-33. [PMID: 24337301 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of human tumors. The most common site of distant metastases in colorectal cancer is the liver. However, no previous studies have reported the ability of EGCG to suppress liver metastases of human colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential use of EGCG as chemotherapy targeting liver metastases of human colorectal cancer. To assess the effect of EGCG on human colorectal cancer cell lines, RKO and HCT116, cell viability, cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit-8, BrdU assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. Protein and gene expression were measured by western blot analysis and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. EGCG inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. EGCG dephosphorylated constitutively activated Akt and increased the activation of p38. EGCG also decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Additionally, the ability of EGCG to prevent the development of liver metastases of RKO tumors was evaluated in SCID mice. EGCG suppressed angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in liver metastases without associated body weight loss or hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, the liver metastatic area was significantly reduced by EGCG administration. Our findings indicate that EGCG may be useful in the treatment of liver metastases of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoki Sano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nowatari
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Reiji Nozaki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukunaga
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Is there a possibility of a cure in patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis amenable to complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy? Ann Surg 2013; 257:1065-71. [PMID: 23299520 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31827e9289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a randomized trial demonstrated a survival benefit of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) over systemic chemotherapy alone, the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer (CRPC) is still a matter of debate. The aims of this study were to evaluate long-term outcome after CRS and IPC and to identify the prognostic factors associated with a cure. METHODS Patients were considered cured if the disease-free survival interval lasted at least 5 years after the treatment of CRPC or its last recurrence. Patients who had died postoperatively, or from non-cancer-related deaths, or patients with a follow-up of less than 5 years since the last curative treatment were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS From 1995 to 2006, 107 patients (median age, 48 years; range, 19-67 years) underwent complete CRS, followed by IPC. Postoperative complications occurred in 50 patients (53%), including 4 postoperative deaths. After a median follow-up of 77 months (range, 60-144 months), 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 35% and 15%, respectively. Seventeen patients (16%) were considered cured after a disease-free interval of at least 5 years, of whom 14 never developed a recurrence. Cured patients had a significantly lower median peritoneal cancer index than noncured patients, respectively 4 (3-16) and 12 (2-36) (P = 0.0002). In multivariate analysis, a peritoneal cancer index of 10 or less was the only independent factor predicting cure. CONCLUSIONS The cure rate (16%) after complete CRS of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis, followed by IPC, in selected patients is close to that obtained after resection of colorectal liver metastases.
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46
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Blackham AU, Swett K, Levine EA, Shen P. Surgical management of colorectal cancer metastases to the liver: multimodality approach and a single institutional experience. COLORECTAL CANCER 2013; 2:73-88. [PMID: 25110522 DOI: 10.2217/crc.12.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver has undergone major changes. Once considered terminal and incurable, the prognosis of patients with colorectal hepatic metastases has seen dramatic improvements using modern multimodality therapy and now long-term survival and even cure are possible in some patients. Despite the advances seen in systemic therapy, hepatic resection offers the longest survival potential and remains the only curative option. Based on long-term outcomes and the improved safety of hepatic resection using modern operative techniques and critical care support, an aggressive locoregional approach to colorectal hepatic metastasis has become the standard of care. This article focuses on the management of colorectal hepatic metastases and highlights the importance of multimodality therapy. We also report our 18-year experience treating patients with hepatic resection for colorectal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron U Blackham
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katrina Swett
- Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Perry Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Outcome of strict patient selection for surgical treatment of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56:43-50. [PMID: 23222279 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0b013e3182739f5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is currently the only potentially curative treatment for hepatic or pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. However, the benefit of surgery and the criteria for the inclusion of patients developing hepatic and pulmonary metastases are not well defined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the outcome for patients who undergo surgery for both hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer, to present a set of preoperative criteria for use in patient selection, and to analyze potential prognostic factors related to survival. DESIGN This was an observational study with retrospective analysis of data collected with a prospective protocol. SETTINGS This investigation was conducted at a tertiary centre. PATIENTS Between January 1996 and January 2010, of 319 patients who underwent surgery for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, 44 also had resection of pulmonary metastases. A set of strict selection criteria established by a panel of liver surgeons, chest surgeons, oncologists, and radiologists was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate analyses were performed to evaluate potential prognostic factors for survival, including variables related to patient, primary tumour, hepatic, and pulmonary metastases and chemotherapy. RESULTS The 44 patients received a total of 53 pulmonary resections: 36 patients had 1, 7 patients had 2, and 1 patient had 3 resections. There was no postoperative mortality and the morbidity rate after pulmonary resection was 1.8%. No patient was lost to follow-up. Overall survival was 93% at 1 year, 81% at 3 years, and 64% at 5 years. Factors related to poor prognosis in the univariate analysis were presence of more than 1 pulmonary metastasis (p = 0.04), invasion of the surgical margin (p = 0.006), and administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.01 for hepatic metastases and p = 0.02 for pulmonary metastases). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its observational nature and the relatively small number of patients. CONCLUSION In patients with hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer selected according to strict inclusion criteria, surgical treatment performed in a specialized center is a safe option that offers prolonged survival.
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Sugarbaker PH, Ryan DP. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy to treat peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer: standard of care or an experimental approach? Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:e362-9. [PMID: 22846841 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a common presentation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and the overall survival is poor. In most patients, the disease remains limited to the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, investigators have applied cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy as the standard approach for selected patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer. Overall, very promising long-term survival has been shown in a subset of patients with a limited extent of peritoneal disease before treatment. Whether randomised, controlled trials are needed to definitively show the magnitude of benefit, if any, of this approach is an important question. This Debate outlines the arguments on each side of this issue.
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Franko J, Shi Q, Goldman CD, Pockaj BA, Nelson GD, Goldberg RM, Pitot HC, Grothey A, Alberts SR, Sargent DJ. Treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis with systemic chemotherapy: a pooled analysis of north central cancer treatment group phase III trials N9741 and N9841. J Clin Oncol 2011; 30:263-7. [PMID: 22162570 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.37.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Symptoms and complications of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) differ by metastatic sites. There is a paucity of prospective survival data for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis colorectal cancer (pcCRC). We characterized outcomes of patients with pcCRC enrolled onto two prospective randomized trials of chemotherapy and contrasted that with other manifestations of mCRC (non-pcCRC). METHODS A total of 2,095 patients enrolled onto two prospective randomized trials were evaluated for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the adjusted associations. RESULTS The characteristics of the pcCRC group (n = 364) were similar to those of the non-pcCRC patients in median age (63 v 61 years, P = .23), sex (57% males v 61%, P = .23), and performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1 94% v 96%, P = .06), but differed in frequency of liver (63% v 82%, P < .001) and lung metastases (27% v 34%, P = .01). Median OS (12.7 v 17.6 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.5; P < .001) and PFS (5.8 v 7.2 months, HR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3; P = .001) were shorter for pcCRC versus non-pcCRC. The unfavorable prognostic influence of pcCRC remained after adjusting for age, PS, liver metastases, and other factors (OS: HR = 1.3, P < .001; PFS: HR = 1.1, P = .02). Infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin was superior to irinotecan, leucovorin, and fluorouracil as a first-line treatment among pcCRC (HR for OS = 0.62, P = .005) and non-pcCRC patients (HR = 0.66, P < .001). CONCLUSION pcCRC is associated with a significantly shorter OS and PFS as compared with other manifestations of mCRC. Future trials for mCRC should consider stratifying on the basis of pcCRC status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Franko
- Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA.
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Tepper JE, O'Neil BH. Minimizing therapy and maximizing outcomes in rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:4604-6. [PMID: 22067395 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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