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Jiang P, Liang B, Zhang Z, Fan B, Zeng L, Zhou Z, Mao Z, Xu Q, Yao W, Shen Q. New insights into nanosystems for non-small-cell lung cancer: diagnosis and treatment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19540-19564. [PMID: 37388143 PMCID: PMC10300523 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is caused by a malignant tumor that shows the fastest growth in both incidence and mortality and is also the greatest threat to human health and life. At present, both in terms of incidence and mortality, lung cancer is the first in male malignant tumors, and the second in female malignant tumors. In the past two decades, research and development of antitumor drugs worldwide have been booming, and a large number of innovative drugs have entered clinical trials and practice. In the era of precision medicine, the concept and strategy of cancer from diagnosis to treatment are experiencing unprecedented changes. The ability of tumor diagnosis and treatment has rapidly improved, the discovery rate and cure rate of early tumors have greatly improved, and the overall survival of patients has benefited significantly, with a tendency to transform to a chronic disease with tumor. The emergence of nanotechnology brings new horizons for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials with good biocompatibility have played an important role in tumor imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery, controlled drug release, etc. This article mainly reviews the advancements in lipid-based nanosystems, polymer-based nanosystems, and inorganic nanosystems in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Bing Fan
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhifang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Qinglin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
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Chaudhary S, Singh A, Kumar P, Kaushik M. Strategic targeting of non-small-cell lung cancer utilizing genetic material-based delivery platforms of nanotechnology. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22784. [PMID: 33826765 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several limitations of conventional cancer treatment such as non-specific targeting, solubility problems, and ineffective entry of chemotherapeutics into cancer cells can be overcome by using nanotechnology targeted drug delivery systems. Some combinations of biomolecules and nanoparticles have proven to be excellent therapeutics for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the last decades. Targeted gene delivery has shown in vivo as well as in vitro promising results with therapeutic efficacy. Gene therapy has shown enhanced transfection efficiency and better targeting potential on several NSCLC cell lines. Still, there are several challenges in nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy, which include stability of biomolecules and nanoparticles during delivery, managing their biodistribution, and reducing the possible cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles, which need to be solved before clinical trials. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of biomolecules and nanoparticle combination in gene therapy must be established to expand the application of nano-gene therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Li T, Piperdi B, Walsh WV, Kim M, Beckett LA, Gucalp R, Haigentz M, Bathini VG, Wen H, Zhou K, Pasquinelli PB, Gajavelli S, Sreedhara M, Xie X, Lara PN, Gandara DR, Perez-Soler R. Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Pharmacodynamic Separation of Pemetrexed and Intercalated Erlotinib Versus Pemetrexed Alone for Advanced Nonsquamous, Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:60-67. [PMID: 27919627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacodynamic separation of pemetrexed and erlotinib avoids negative cellular interactions and results in antitumor synergy in erlotinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, independent of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) genotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with platinum-treated metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned 1:2 to pemetrexed alone (500 mg/m2 provided intravenously on day 1) or pemetrexed followed by erlotinib (150 mg provided orally once daily on days 2-17) every 21 days. EGFR genotype was centrally confirmed by Sequenom multiplex oncogenotyping assay. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), which would be considered promising for future study if median PFS was ≥ 4.5 months. RESULTS Of 83 patients enrolled, 79 were randomized to either pemetrexed alone (n = 27) or in combination (n = 52). Fifty-nine (79%) of 75 eligible patients had tumors with confirmed EGFR genotype: 7 with activating mutations and 52 wild type. Median PFS was 4.7 and 2.9 months in the combination and pemetrexed-alone groups, respectively. In patients with EGFR wild-type tumors, median PFS was 5.3 and 3.5 months in the combination and pemetrexed-alone groups, respectively. Objective response rate (29% vs. 10%, P = .17), 6-month PFS (45% vs. 29%, P = .26), and 12-month PFS (23% vs. 10%, P = .28) were all higher in the combination arm. Rash (67% vs. 26%, P = .0007) and diarrhea (44% vs. 11%, P = .003) were significantly more common in the combination arm. CONCLUSION In patients with unselected or EGFR wild-type advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, pharmacodynamic separation of pemetrexed and intercalated erlotinib had promising antitumor activity without new safety concerns. The combination merits further evaluation as maintenance or second-line therapy against new standards in patients with EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA; Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA.
| | - Bilal Piperdi
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - William V Walsh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Cancer Center of Excellence, Worcester, MA
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rasim Gucalp
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Missak Haigentz
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Venu G Bathini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Cancer Center of Excellence, Worcester, MA
| | - Huiyu Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Kaili Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Patricia B Pasquinelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Meera Sreedhara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Cancer Center of Excellence, Worcester, MA
| | - Xianhong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Primo N Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - David R Gandara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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4
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Yu H, Han Z, Wang Y, Xin H. The clonal evolution and therapeutic approaches of lung cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:63-71. [PMID: 24639115 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Cancer Research Foundation, the newly diagnosed annual lung cancer cases all over the world are alarmingly high at 12.5 %. It also shows the highest mortality rate among all the cancer types. Nearly 225,000 new lung cancer patients are reported annually in the USA. The lung cancer cells also have very fast growth rates. As a result of this rapid proliferation rate, the lung cancer cells are sensitive to the available therapeutics like the radiation, surgical, or chemo therapy. Notwithstanding all the advances in the field of tumor biology, the mortality rate with lung cancer has remained significantly high. Precise and early diagnosis of the disease can be an important step in the proper and successful setting up of the treatment modalities. There are no comprehensive reviews available that discusses all the basic and updated aspects of lung cancer. This review focuses on the basic aspects of lung cancer like the etiology, risk factors, and clonal evolution. Exposure to smoking comes up as a single major environmental cause of the disease. The classification of lung cancer has also been discussed in detail based on immunohistochemistry. The existing therapeutic approaches as well as the upcoming modern day interventions have been discussed with their pros and cons. Recent techniques like molecular profiling can prove to be highly beneficial if properly standardized. With such advancements in therapy in conjunction with the updated diagnostics, there is a real hope in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
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5
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Zeng L, Webster SV, Newton PM. The biology of protein kinase C. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:639-61. [PMID: 22453963 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a basic introduction to the biology of protein kinase C, one of the first calcium-dependent kinases to be discovered. We review the structure and function of protein kinase C, along with some of the substrates of individual isoforms. We then review strategies for inhibiting PKC in experimental systems and finally discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PKC. Each aspect is covered in summary, with links to detailed resources where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Zeng
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Win HY, Acevedo-Duncan M. Atypical protein kinase C phosphorylates IKKalphabeta in transformed non-malignant and malignant prostate cell survival. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:302-11. [PMID: 18571841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic pathways involving atypical protein kinase C-iota (aPKC-iota) have been targeted in various cancer cells such as lung cancer, brain and prostate due to PKCiota's antiapoptotic function, and role in cell proliferation and cell survival. In the current study, we examined the involvement of PKC-iota in the NF-kappaB pathway following treatment of prostate cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Results demonstrated that androgen-independent DU-145 prostate carcinoma is insensitive to TNFalpha while transformed non-tumorigenic prostate RWPE-1 cells showed a slight sensitivity to TNFalpha. However, androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cells are more sensitive to TNFalpha treatment and undergo apoptosis. Results demonstrated that in DU-145 cells, TNFalpha-induced PKC-iota in phosphorylation of IKKalphabeta. In RWPE-1 cells, PKC-zeta phosphorylates IKKalphabeta. Degradation of IkappaBalpha was observed in all three cell lines, allowing NF-kappaB/p65 translocation to the nucleus. Although, IKKalpha is weakly activated in LNCaP cells, the upstream kinase phosphorylation of IKKalphabeta via aPKCs was not observed. Hence, aPKCs may play a role in activation of NFkappaB pathway in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hla Y Win
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, James A. Haley Veteran Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. VAR 151, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Hemmrich K, Kröncke KD, Suschek CV, Kolb-Bachofen V. What sense lies in antisense inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression? Nitric Oxide 2005; 12:183-99. [PMID: 15894496 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nitric oxide (NO) synthesized after activation by proinflammatory cytokines and/or bacterial products by an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is still contradictory. Expression of iNOS in inflammatory reactions is often found predominantly in cells of epithelial origin, and in these cases NO may serve as a protective agent limiting pathogen spreading, downregulating local inflammatory reactions by inducing production of Th2-like responses in a classical feedback circle, or limiting tissue damage during stress conditions. However, an abundant amount of data on chronic human disorders with predominant proinflammatory Th1-like reactions points to a destructive role of iNOS activity calling for a specific inhibition. Various methods to inhibit iNOS have been established to elucidate a protective versus a destructive role of NO during various stresses. In this review, we focus on antisense (AS)-mediated gene knock-down as a relatively new method to inhibit NO production and summarize the techniques applied and their successes. At least in theory, it provides a specific, rapid, and potentially high-throughput method for inhibiting gene expression and function. We here discuss the opportunities of iNOS-directed AS-ODN, and extensively deal with limitations and experimental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hemmrich
- Research Group Immunobiology, MED-Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Gebäude 23.12, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Vansteenkiste J, Canon JL, Riska H, Pirker R, Peterson P, John W, Mali P, Lahn M. Randomized phase II evaluation of aprinocarsen in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2005; 23:263-9. [PMID: 15868384 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-6736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aprinocarsen is a specific antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of protein kinase C-alpha. This study aimed to evaluate the response rate to combination therapy with aprinocarsen, gemcitabine and cisplatin, in chemonaive patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC. Secondary objectives included comparison of response rate, time to event efficacy parameters, and toxicities on the 2 treatment arms. Patients with stage IV, or stage IIIB disease (N3 and/or pleural/pericardial effusion), were randomized to either control or experimental arm. Patients on both arms received gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 3-week cycle. Additionally, on the experimental arm, aprinocarsen was administered as 2 mg/kg continuous iv infusion on days 1-14, every 21 days. A total of 18 enrolled patients were randomized on the 2 arms. Further enrollment was terminated in March 2003 as a result of a phase III trial suggesting that aprinocarsen did not have an added survival benefit when combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy in patients with NSCLC. Patients received a median of 4 cycles on control arm and 2.5 cycles on experimental arm. The response rate was 16.7% in the experimental arm and 44.4% in the control arm. Most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were hematologic, with a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia in the experimental arm (87.5% vs. 33.3%). Despite the 14-day continuous infusion schedule, infection rate was not increased in the experimental arm. The present study did not show any advantage, in response rate or secondary endpoints, with aprinocarsen; however, the toxicity was not unduly increased, and aprinocarsen regimen was safely administered.
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Xu L, Yang D, Wang S, Tang W, Liu M, Davis M, Chen J, Rae JM, Lawrence T, Lippman ME. (−)-Gossypol enhances response to radiation therapy and results in tumor regression of human prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.197.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radioresistance markedly impairs the efficacy of tumor radiotherapy and involves antiapoptotic signal transduction pathways that prevent radiation-induced cell death. The majority of human prostate cancers overexpress the important antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL, which render tumors resistant to radiation therapy. (−)-Gossypol, a natural polyphenol product from cottonseed, has recently been identified as a potent small molecule inhibitor of both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In the current study, we investigated the antitumor activity of (−)-gossypol in prostate cancer and tested our hypothesis that (−)-gossypol may improve prostate cancer's response to radiation by potentiating radiation-induced apoptosis and thus making cancer cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation. Our data show that (−)-gossypol potently enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, which have a high level of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL proteins. Our in vivo studies using PC-3 xenograft models in nude mice show that orally given (−)-gossypol significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of X-ray irradiation, leading to tumor regression in the combination therapy. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end labeling staining showed that significantly more apoptotic cells were induced in the tumors treated with (−)-gossypol plus radiation than either treatment alone. Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining indicates that (−)-gossypol plus radiation significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis. Our results show that the natural polyphenol inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, (−)-gossypol, can radiosensitize prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo without augmenting toxicity. (−)-Gossypol may improve the outcome of current prostate cancer radiotherapy and represents a promising novel anticancer regime for molecular targeted therapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Dajun Yang
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Wenhua Tang
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Meilan Liu
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Mary Davis
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jianyong Chen
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - James M. Rae
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
| | - Theodore Lawrence
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marc E. Lippman
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and
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Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K, Toge T. Preclinical evaluation of antisense bcl-2 as a chemosensitizer for patients with gastric carcinoma. Cancer 2004; 101:2177-86. [PMID: 15476281 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because bcl-2 is a critical factor for anticancer drug-induced apoptosis, the authors conducted a preclinical evaluation of antisense (AS) bcl-2 as an enhancer of the chemotherapeutic effect in the treatment of patietns with gastric carcinoma. METHODS AS bcl-2 was used with 18-mer phosphorothiated oligonucleotides in the MKN-45 gastric carcinoma cell line. Drug sensitivity in vitro was evaluated using the methyl-thiazoldiphenyl tetrazolium assay, and antitumor effects in vivo were evaluated using the nude mouse xenograft. Apoptosis was determined with the terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay. AS bcl-2 in vitro was treated with lipofectin, whereas it was administered intraperitoneally for 6 consecutive days twice every 2 weeks in vivo. Anticancer drugs were administered intraperitoneally four times per week. RESULTS bcl-2 was down-regulated to 60% of its initial value after treatment with 1.0 muM AS bcl-2 compared with the controls of random and mismatched oligonucleotides. Drug sensitivity to doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel (TXL) was increased 3-4-fold when used in combination with AS bcl-2, which was determined with 50% inhibitory concentration values, compared with the control group. Increased drug sensitivity was associated with apoptosis, which increased in Bax and poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase and decreased in phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). The antitumor effect of cisplatin and TXL in vivo was enhanced significantly in combination with AS bcl-2. Down-regulation of bcl-2 was observed on Day 4 after the treatment with AS bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with AS bcl-2 and anticancer drugs, including cisplatin and TXL, may be a new strategy for enhancing chemotherapeutic effects in the treatment of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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11
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Lahn M, Köhler G, Sundell K, Su C, Li S, Paterson BM, Bumol TF. Protein kinase C alpha expression in breast and ovarian cancer. Oncology 2004; 67:1-10. [PMID: 15459489 DOI: 10.1159/000080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years research has focused on the development of specific, targeted drugs to treat cancer. One approach has been to block intracellular signaling proteins, such as protein kinase C alpha (PKC-alpha). To help support the rationale for clinical studies of a PKC-alpha-targeted therapy in breast and ovarian cancers, we reviewed publications studying PKC-alpha expression in these tumors. Since these investigations were mostly performed in cell lines, we supplemented this review with some preliminary findings from studies examining PKC-alpha expression in tumor tissue biopsies obtained from patients with breast and ovarian cancer. Based on the reviewed publications using representative cell lines and our preliminary findings on tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer, we infer that PKC-alpha levels may especially be increased in breast cancer patients with low or negative estrogen receptor (ER) levels. Thus, clinical studies determining efficacy of selective or specific inhibitors of PKC-alpha should include determination of ER status in order to help answer whether blocking PKC-alpha in patients with low or absent ER can result in clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lahn
- Divison of Oncology Product Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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12
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Lahn M, Sundell K, Gleave M, Ladan F, Su C, Li S, Ma D, Paterson BM, Bumol TF. Protein kinase C-α in prostate cancer. BJU Int 2004; 93:1076-81. [PMID: 15142167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lahn
- Divison of Oncology Product Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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