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Lu L, Xiong Y, Zhou J, Wang G, Mi B, Liu G. The Therapeutic Roles of Cinnamaldehyde against Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9177108. [PMID: 36254234 PMCID: PMC9569207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9177108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increase year by year, which pose a great threat on social economy and human health worldwide. Due to limited therapeutic benefits and associated adverse effects of current medications, there is an urgent need to uncover novel agents with favorable safety and efficacy. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a bioactive phytochemical isolated from the stem bark of Chinese herbal medicine Cinnamon and has been suggested to possess curative roles against the development of CVDs. This integrated review intends to summarize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features of CA and discuss the recent advances in underlying mechanisms and potential targets responsible for anti-CVD properties of CA. The CA-related cardiovascular protective mechanisms could be attributed to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism, regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, suppression of cardiac fibrosis, and platelet aggregation and promotion of vasodilation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, CA is likely to inhibit CVD progression via affecting other possible processes including autophagy and ER stress regulation, gut microbiota and immune homeostasis, ion metabolism, ncRNA expression, and TRPA1 activation. Collectively, experiments reported previously highlight the therapeutic effects of CA and clinical trials are advocated to offer scientific basis for the compound future applied in clinical practice for CVD prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Shang C, Lin H, Fang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qu Y, Xiang M, Shen Z, Xin L, Lu Y, Gao J, Cui X. Beneficial effects of cinnamon and its extracts in the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:12194-12220. [PMID: 34752593 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes are the leading causes of death worldwide, which underlines the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Cinnamon has been an eminent component of spice and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Numerous lines of findings have elucidated that cinnamon has beneficial effects against CVDs in various ways, including endothelium protection, regulation of immune response, lowering blood lipids, antioxidative properties, anti-inflammatory properties, suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and mobilization, repression of platelet activity and thrombosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, emerging evidence has established that cinnamon improves diabetes, a crucial risk factor for CVDs, by enhancing insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion; regulating the enzyme activity involved in glucose; regulating glucose metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle; ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation to protect islet cells; and improving diabetes complications. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which cinnamon regulates CVDs and diabetes in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical application of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongchen Lin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuqin Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula Guizhi Li-Zhong Tang as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives for Preventing Pneumonia in Piglets through Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Protection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4978783. [PMID: 34539798 PMCID: PMC8443349 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4978783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Weanling piglets often develop respiratory diseases such as pneumonia because they encounter substantial environmental stress. This study investigated an alternative herbal feed additive, Guizhi Li-Zhong Tang (GLZ), for preventing pneumonia in weanling piglets. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that GLZ has high antioxidant capacity and low cytotoxicity toward Kupffer cells. In addition, GLZ treatment can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in Kupffer cells. A total of 94 4-week-old piglets were randomly divided into three groups, which received sham treatment, 0.2% Tilmicosin antibiotic (TAB) treatment, or 0.2% GLZ treatment. Piglets receiving the GLZ treatment had a higher survival rate and higher immunoglobulin G levels but lower allergy-related eosinophil levels and cough incidence than did piglets receiving the sham or 0.2% TAB treatments. Through immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, we discovered that piglets receiving the 0.2% GLZ treatment had significantly higher expression of antioxidant-related SOD2 and lower expression of oxidative-stress-related 3-NT (p < 0.01), inflammation-related TNF-α (p < 0.01) and NF-κB (p < 0.05), and apoptosis-related caspase-3 (p < 0.01) in lung tissue than did piglets receiving the sham or 0.2% TAB treatment. Therefore, GLZ treatment is promising as an alternative to antibiotic medicine for weanling piglets because of its protective antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects in lung tissue.
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Santana-Garrido Á, Reyes-Goya C, Fernández-Bobadilla C, Blanca AJ, André H, Mate A, Vázquez CM. NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress in the eyes of hypertensive rats. Mol Vis 2021; 27:161-178. [PMID: 33907371 PMCID: PMC8056463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by NADPH oxidase and inflammation are associated with arterial hypertension and eye diseases associated with high blood pressure, including glaucoma, retinopathies (e.g., age-related macular degeneration), and choroidopathies affecting ocular function; however, the mechanisms underlying these adverse outcomes remain undefined. The present study was designed to highlight the importance of oxidative stress in severe hypertension-related eye damage. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 7, unless otherwise specified for specific experiments) were administered an oral dose of 30 mg of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) per kilogram of bodyweight and day for 3 weeks; chronic administration with L-NAME is a validated experimental approach resulting in severe hypertension secondary to nitric oxide (NO) depletion and subsequent vasoconstriction in the systemic circulation. Upon treatment completion, histomorphometric studies, NADPH oxidase activity, and ROS production were measured in eyecup homogenates and paraffin-embedded sections from control and L-NAME-treated animals. In addition, immunohistofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed in the eye and the retina to evaluate the expression of i) NADPH oxidase main isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4) and subunits (p22phox and p47phox); ii) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as a marker of microglial activation in the retina; iii) antioxidant enzymes; and iv) endothelial constitutive (eNOS) and inflammation inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase isoforms, and nitrotyrosine as a versatile biomarker of oxidative stress. Results Increased activity of NADPH oxidase and superoxide anion production, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of this enzyme isoforms, was found in the retina and choroid of the hypertensive rats in comparison with the untreated controls. Histomorphometric analyses revealed a significant reduction in the thickness of the ganglion cell layer and the outer retinal layers in the hypertensive animals, which also showed a positive strong signal of GFAP in the retinal outer segment and plexiform layers. In addition, L-NAME-treated animals presented with upregulation of nitric oxide synthase (including inducible and endothelial isoforms) and abnormally elevated nitrotyrosine levels. Experiments on protein and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes revealed depletion of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the eyes of the hypertensive animals; however, glutathione reductase was significantly higher than in the normotensive controls. Conclusions The present study demonstrated structural changes in the retinas of the L-NAME-treated hypertensive animals and strengthens the importance of NADPH oxidase as a major ROS-generating enzyme system in the oxidative and inflammatory processes surrounding hypertensive eye diseases. These observations might contribute to unveiling pathogenic mechanisms responsible for developing ocular disturbances in the context of severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Bobadilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Blanca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
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Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Resveratrol delay the cataract formation against naphthalene-induced experimental cataract in the albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22420. [PMID: 31746523 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced toxicity plays a major role in ocular diseases such as retinal degeneration, age-related cataract (ARC) formation and macular dystrophy. In this study, we explored the possible role of resveratrol (RSV) at the different dose levels (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, ip) in an experimental model of naphthalene (1 g/kg/day, po)-induced age-related cataracts. Morphological changes in the eyes of the rats in two groups, the RSV and the ARC groups, were monitored weekly, and biochemical parameters in the lenses were assessed after completion of the experimental work. A comparison between the rats in the two groups showed that treatments at RSV doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day significantly retarded lenticular opacity, restored antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPX, GSH), Ca2+ ATPase function, and protein contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation in the lenses of the animals in the RSV group. The treatment with resveratrol at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day did not show any anti-cataractogenic effects. Based on the results of our investigation, we conclude that supplemental doses of resveratrol at 40 mg/kg/day effectively prevent cataract formation associated with the aging via increased soluble protein contents and Ca2+ homeostasis, apart from the antioxidant restoration. The results demonstrate that RSV treatment may be considered as a promising preventive or supplemental measure for delaying and/or preventing the formation of ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Soni P, Bodakhe SH. Protective effect of Coleus forskohlii leaf-extract compound on progression of cataract against Fructose-Induced experimental cataract in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:170-179. [PMID: 31547727 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1668404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine protective effects of Coleus forskohlii hydroalcoholic leaf-extract along with its fractions against fructose-induced cataract rat model. The Coleus forskolii leaf extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and fractions were collected. A major high yielding fraction of the leaf extract, designated as fraction B6 was pharmacologically evaluated in Sprague Dawley albino rats at three doses 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg respectively. Compound B2; isolated from B6 fraction, identified as 'gallic acid' was also pharmacologically evaluated at three different doses. Cataract was induced by concurrent administration of fructose solution (10% w/v, per oral, dissolved in drinking water) for eight consecutive weeks. Mean arterial pressure, blood glucose level and lenticular opacity were determined. At the end of eight weeks, C. forskohlii leaf extract fraction and gallic acid reduced mean arterial pressure and glucose level in a dose dependent manner. In addition, C. forskohlii led to significant restoration of lens antioxidants enzyme level and reduced cataract formation in rats. These results showed the concentration dependent protective effect by C. forskohlii leaf extract against cataract formation due to restoration of oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Soni
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya , Bilaspur , India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya , Bilaspur , India
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Effects of a novel isoflavonoid from the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris against fructose-induced experimental cataract. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:374-382. [PMID: 31227424 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the anticataract activity of a novel isoflavonoid, isolated from stem bark of Alstonia scholaris, against fructose-induced experimental cataract. METHODS The bioactivity of fractions extracted from A. scholaris, an isolated isoflavonoid (ASII) was screened using in vitro (goat lens) and in vivo (albino rats) experimental cataract models. For the in vivo evaluation, albino rats (12-15 weeks old) were divided into five groups (n = 6). Group I (normal) received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose solution (10 mL/[kg·d], p.o.). Group II (control) received 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water. Groups III-V received ASII at three different doses, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/(kg·d), concurrently with 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Treatment was given daily for 8 consecutive weeks. During the protocol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level and lenticular opacity were monitored at 2-week intervals. Pathophysiological markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) in eye lenses were examined at the end of the 8-week treatment period. RESULTS The results of in vitro study showed that A. scholaris extract and the active fraction (A3) reduced the lenticular opacity as compared to toxic control group. The in vivo study showed that 8-week administration of ASII (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/[kg·d], p.o.) led to significant reduction in blood pressure and blood glucose level and retarded the initiation and evolution of cataractogenesis, compared to the fructose-induced cataract model control. Additionally, ASII treatment led to significant improvement in lens antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) and decreased lens malondialdehyde, compared to the control group (group II). CONCLUSION Results revealed that administration of ASII played a crucial role in the reduction of cataract formation in diabetic and hypertensive models.
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Savion N, Dahamshi S, Morein M, Kotev-Emeth S. S-Allylmercapro- N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Oxidation-Induced Lens Opacification and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Death In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010025. [PMID: 30654434 PMCID: PMC6357052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of S-Allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine (ASSNAC) to protect human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (line ARPE-19) and porcine lenses from oxidative stress was studied. Confluent ARPE-19 cultures were incubated with ASSNAC or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) followed by exposure to oxidants and glutathione level and cell survival were determined. Porcine lenses were incubated with ASSNAC and then exposed to H2O2 followed by lens opacity measurement and determination of glutathione (reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)) in isolated lens adhering epithelial cells (lens capsule) and fiber cells consisting the lens cortex and nucleus (lens core). In ARPE-19 cultures, ASSNAC (0.2 mM; 24 h) increased glutathione level by 2–2.5-fold with significantly higher increase in GSH compared to NAC treated cultures. Similarly, ex-vivo exposure of lenses to ASSNAC (1 mM) significantly reduced the GSSG level and prevented H2O2 (0.5 mM)-induced lens opacification. These results demonstrate that ASSNAC up-regulates glutathione level in RPE cells and protects them from oxidative stress-induced cell death as well as protects lenses from oxidative stress-induced opacity. Further validation of these results in animal models may suggest a potential use for ASSNAC as a protective therapy in retinal degenerative diseases as well as in attenuation of oxidative stress-induced lens opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphtali Savion
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 61390, Israel.
| | - Samia Dahamshi
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 61390, Israel.
| | - Milana Morein
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 61390, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Kotev-Emeth
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 61390, Israel.
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Kaur N, Gupta P, Saini V, Sherawat S, Gupta S, Dua A, Kumar V, Injeti E, Mittal A. Cinnamaldehyde regulates H 2 O 2 -induced skeletal muscle atrophy by ameliorating the proteolytic and antioxidant defense systems. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6194-6208. [PMID: 30317570 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy/wasting is associated with impaired protein metabolism in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbed redox status, and weakened antioxidant defense system are the major contributing factors toward atrophy. Regulation of protein metabolism by controlling ROS levels and its associated catabolic pathways may help in treating atrophy and related clinical conditions. Although cinnamaldehyde (CNA) enjoys the established status of antioxidant and its role in ROS management is reported, impact of CNA on skeletal muscle atrophy and related pathways is still unexplored. In the current study, the impact of CNA on C2C12 myotubes and the possible protection of cultured cells from H 2 O 2 -induced atrophy is examined. Myotubes were treated with H 2 O 2 in the presence and absence of CNA and the changes in the antioxidative, proteolytic systems, and mitochondrial functions were scored. Morphological analysis showed significant protective effects of CNA on length, diameter, and nuclei fusion index of myotubes. The evaluation of biochemical markers of atrophy; creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase along with the study of muscle-specific structural protein (i.e., myosin heavy chain-fast [MHCf] type) showed significant protection of proteins by CNA. CNA pretreatment not only checked the activation of proteolytic systems (ubiquitin-proteasome E3-ligases [MuRF1/Atrogin1]), autophagy [Beclin1/LC3B], cathepsin L, calpain, caspase), but also prevented any alteration in the activities of antioxidative defense enzymes (catalase, glutathione- S-transferase, glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase). The results suggest that CNA protects myotubes from H 2 O 2 -induced atrophy by inhibiting/resisting the amendments in proteolytic systems and maintains cellular redox-balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmaljeet Kaur
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Prachi Gupta
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sherawat
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Anita Dua
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. University, Ambala, India
| | - Elisha Injeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, Ohio
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Yadav A, Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Development of Cataract Formation in CdCl2-induced Hypertensive Animals. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1454-1464. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1501490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - Surendra H. Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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Nour OAA, Shehatou GSG, Rahim MA, El-Awady MS, Suddek GM. Cinnamaldehyde exerts vasculoprotective effects in hypercholestrolemic rabbits. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1203-1219. [PMID: 30058017 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a commonly consumed food flavor, against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced vascular damage in rabbits were evaluated. Male New Zealand rabbits (n = 24) were allocated to four groups at random: control, fed with standard rabbit chow; CIN, fed with standard diet and administered CIN; HCD, fed with 1% cholesterol-enriched diet; and HCD-CIN, fed with HCD and treated with CIN. CIN was orally given at a dose of (10 mg/kg/day) concomitantly with each diet type from day 1 until the termination of the experimental protocol (4 weeks). HCD elicited significant elevations in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively) compared with control rabbits. Moreover, aortic levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly lower, while aortic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly higher, in HCD-fed rabbits relative to control animals. CIN administration mitigated or completely reversed HCD-induced metabolic alterations, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation. Moreover, CIN ameliorated HCD-induced vascular functional and structural irregularities. Aortic rings from HCD-CIN group showed improved relaxation to acetylcholine compared to aortas from HCD group. Moreover, CIN decreased atherosclerotic lipid deposition and intima/media (I/M) ratio of HCD aortas. CIN-mediated effects might be related to its ability to attenuate the elevated aortic mRNA expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and MPO in HCD group. Interestingly, the vasculoprotective effects of CIN treatment in the current study do not seem to be mediated via Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, CIN may mitigate the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholestrolemic rabbits via cholesterol-lowering, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona Abdel Rahim
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Khan SB, Choudhary R, Vishwakarma PK, Singh A, Shree J, Bodakhe SH. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on progression of cataract formation in fructose-induced experimental cataract. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Berberine and cinnamaldehyde together prevent lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76385-76397. [PMID: 29100319 PMCID: PMC5652713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Starving tumor cells by restricting nutrient sources is a promising strategy for combating cancer. Because both berberine and cinnamaldehyde can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a sensor of cellular energy status), we investigated whether the combination of berberine and cinnamaldehyde could synergistically prevent lung carcinogenesis through tumor cell starvation. Urethane treatment induced lung carcinogenesis in mice, downregulated AMPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) while upregulating aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Together, berberine and cinnamaldehyde reduced mouse susceptibility to urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis, and reversed the urethane-induced AMPK, mTOR, AQP-1, and NF-κB expression patterns. In vitro, berberine and cinnamaldehyde together induced A549 cell apoptosis, prevented cell proliferation, autophagy, and wound healing, upregulated AMPK, and downregulated AQP-1. The effects of the combined treatment were reduced by rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor) or HgCL2 (an AQP inhibitor), but not Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor). The berberine/cinnamaldehyde combination also prevented A549 cell substance permeability and decreased intracellular ATP concentrations. These results suggest the combination of berberine and cinnamaldehyde limited both primary and adaptive nutrient acquisition by lung tumors via AMPK-reduced AQP-1 expression, which ultimately starved the tumor cells.
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Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker inhibits the progression of cataract formation in cadmium chloride induced hypertensive albino rats. Life Sci 2016; 167:105-112. [PMID: 27744053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previously we found that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure substantially elevates hypertension and potentiates cataract formation. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker against cataractogenesis in the CdCl2-induced hypertensive animal model. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (150-180g) were randomly selected and assigned to four groups (n=6). Among the four groups, one group (normal) received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (10ml/kg/day, p.o.), another group (CdCl2 control) received CdCl2 (0.5mg/kg/day, i.p.), and remaining two groups received olmesartan at two doses level (2 and 4mg/kg/day, p.o.) concurrently with CdCl2 for six consecutive weeks. Blood pressure and cataract formation were examined biweekly, and pathophysiological parameters in serum and eye lenses were evaluated after six weeks of the experimental protocol. KEY FINDINGS The olmesartan treatment significantly restored the blood pressure, lenticular opacity, serum and lens antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reduced), and malondialdehyde level. Additionally, it significantly restored the proteins, ions (Na+, K+, and Ca2+), and ATPase pumps activity (Na+K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase) in the lens as compared to CdCl2 control group. SIGNIFICANCE The findings demonstrate that olmesartan potentially inhibits the risk of cataract formation in the hypertensive state via restoration of lenticular oxidative stress, ATPase function, and ionic contents in the eye lenses. The results suggest that angiotensin II receptor blockers play an important role to prevent cataract formation in several pathogenic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
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Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Magnesium taurate prevents cataractogenesis via restoration of lenticular oxidative damage and ATPase function in cadmium chloride-induced hypertensive experimental animals. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:836-844. [PMID: 27728893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we found that hypertension potentiates the risk the cataractogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of magnesium taurate (MgT) on hypertension and associated lenticular damages against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced hypertensive animals. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (150-180g) were assigned to five experimental groups (n=6). Among the five groups, normal group received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (10ml/kg/day, p.o.). Hypertension control group received CdCl2 (0.5mg/kg/day, i.p.). Tests and standard groups received MgT (3 and 6mg/kg/day, p.o.) and amlodipine (3mg/kg/day, p.o.) concurrently with CdCl2 respectively, for six consecutive weeks. Blood pressure, heart rate, and eyes were examined biweekly, and pathophysiological parameters in serum and eye lenses were evaluated after six weeks of the experimental protocol. The chronic administration of MgT concurrently with CdCl2 significantly restored the blood pressure, serum and lens antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH), MDA level, and ions (Na+, K+, and Ca2+). Additionally, MgT treatment led to significant increase in the lens proteins (total and soluble), Ca2+ ATPase, and Na+K+ ATPase activity as compared to hypertension control group. Ophthalmoscope observations indicated that MgT treatments delayed the progression of cataract against the hypertensive state. The study shows that MgT prevents the progression of cataractogenesis via restoration of blood pressure, lenticular oxidative damages, and lens ATPase functions in the hypertensive state. The results suggest that MgT supplement may play a beneficial role to manage hypertension and associated cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
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