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Li R, Han Q, Li X, Liu X, Jiao W. Natural Product-Derived Phytochemicals for Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2371. [PMID: 38792236 PMCID: PMC11124286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) viruses are prone to antigenic mutations and are more variable than other influenza viruses. Therefore, they have caused continuous harm to human public health since the pandemic in 2009 and in recent times. Influenza A (H1N1) can be prevented and treated in various ways, such as direct inhibition of the virus and regulation of human immunity. Among antiviral drugs, the use of natural products in treating influenza has a long history, and natural medicine has been widely considered the focus of development programs for new, safe anti-influenza drugs. In this paper, we focus on influenza A (H1N1) and summarize the natural product-derived phytochemicals for influenza A virus (H1N1) prevention and treatment, including marine natural products, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, polysaccharides, and derivatives of natural products for prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus. We further discuss the toxicity and antiviral mechanism against influenza A (H1N1) as well as the druggability of natural products. We hope that this review will facilitate the study of the role of natural products against influenza A (H1N1) activity and provide a promising alternative for further anti-influenza A drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qianru Han
- Foreign Language Education Department, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China;
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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2
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Etibor TA, O’Riain A, Alenquer M, Diwo C, Vale-Costa S, Amorim MJ. Challenges in Imaging Analyses of Biomolecular Condensates in Cells Infected with Influenza A Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15253. [PMID: 37894933 PMCID: PMC10607852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are crucial compartments within cells, relying on their material properties for function. They form and persist through weak, transient interactions, often undetectable by classical biochemical approaches. Hence, microscopy-based techniques have been the most reliable methods to detail the molecular mechanisms controlling their formation, material properties, and alterations, including dissolution or phase transitions due to cellular manipulation and disease, and to search for novel therapeutic strategies targeting biomolecular condensates. However, technical challenges in microscopy-based analysis persist. This paper discusses imaging, data acquisition, and analytical methodologies' advantages, challenges, and limitations in determining biophysical parameters explaining biomolecular condensate formation, dissolution, and phase transitions. In addition, we mention how machine learning is increasingly important for efficient image analysis, teaching programs what a condensate should resemble, aiding in the correlation and interpretation of information from diverse data sources. Influenza A virus forms liquid viral inclusions in the infected cell cytosol that serve as model biomolecular condensates for this study. Our previous work showcased the possibility of hardening these liquid inclusions, potentially leading to novel antiviral strategies. This was established using a framework involving live cell imaging to measure dynamics, internal rearrangement capacity, coalescence, and relaxation time. Additionally, we integrated thermodynamic characteristics by analysing fixed images through Z-projections. The aforementioned paper laid the foundation for this subsequent technical paper, which explores how different modalities in data acquisition and processing impact the robustness of results to detect bona fide phase transitions by measuring thermodynamic traits in fixed cells. Using solely this approach would greatly simplify screening pipelines. For this, we tested how single focal plane images, Z-projections, or volumetric analyses of images stained with antibodies or live tagged proteins altered the quantification of thermodynamic measurements. Customizing methodologies for different biomolecular condensates through advanced bioimaging significantly contributes to biological research and potential therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Akhigbe Etibor
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Aidan O’Riain
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Marta Alenquer
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Católica Biomedical Research Centre (CBR), Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Diwo
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Sílvia Vale-Costa
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, R. Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.A.E.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (C.D.); (S.V.-C.)
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Católica Biomedical Research Centre (CBR), Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Yang Y, Zhao R, Wang Y, Song D, Jiang B, Guo X, Liu W, Long F, Song H, Hao R. Rapid and universal detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus using a reusable dual-channel optic fiber immunosensor. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5325-5335. [PMID: 35859097 PMCID: PMC9349508 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of rapid on-site detection technology capable of concurrently detecting SARS-Cov-2 and influenza A virus is urgent to effectively control the epidemic from these two types of important viruses. Accordingly, we developed a reusable dual-channel optical fiber immunosensor (DOFIS), which utilized the evanescent wave-sensing properties and tandem detection mode of the mobile phase, effectively accelerating the detection process such that it can be completed within 10 min. It could detect the nucleoprotein of multiple influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and H7N9), as well as the spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants, and could respond to 20 TCID50 /ml SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and 100 TCID50 /ml influenza A (A/PR/8/H1N1), presenting lower limit of detection and wider linear range than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection results on 26 clinical samples for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated its specificity (100%) and sensitivity (94%), much higher than the sensitivity of commercial colloidal gold test strip (35%). Particularly, DOFIS might be reused more than 80 times, showing not only cost-saving but also potential in real-time monitoring of the pathogenic viruses. Therefore, this newly-developed DOFIS platform is low cost, simple to operate, and has broad spectrum detection capabilities for SARS-CoV-2 mutations and multiple influenza A strains. It may prove suitable for deployment as a rapid on-site screening and surveillance technique for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Rongtao Zhao
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yule Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Dan Song
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xudong Guo
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Wanying Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Rongzhang Hao
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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4
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Chen H, Gao X, Zhao S, Bao C, Ming X, Qian Y, Zhou Y, Jung YS. Pirh2 restricts influenza A virus replication by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of its nucleoprotein. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22537. [PMID: 36070077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200473r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) rely on viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes to control transcription and replication. Each vRNP consists of one viral genomic RNA segment associated with multiple nucleoproteins (NP) and a trimeric IAV RNA polymerase complex. Previous studies showed that post-translational modifications of vRNP components, such as NP, by host factors would in turn affect the IAV life cycle or modulate host anti-viral response. In this study, we found host E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 interacted with NP and mediated short-chain ubiquitination of NP at lysine 351, which suppressed NP-PB2 interaction and vRNP formation. In addition, we showed that knockdown of Pirh2 promoted IAV replication, whereas overexpression of Pirh2 inhibited IAV replication. However, Pirh2-ΔRING lacking E3 ligase activity failed to inhibit IAV infection. Moreover, we showed that Pirh2 had no effect on the replication of a rescued virus, WSN-K351R, carrying lysine-to-arginine substitution at residue 351. Interestingly, by analyzing human and avian IAVs from 2011 to 2020 in influenza research databases, we found that 99.18% of 26 977 human IAVs encode lysine, but 95.3% of 9956 avian IAVs encode arginine at residue 351 of NP protein. Consistently, knockdown of Pirh2 failed to promote propagation of two avian-like influenza viruses, H9N2-W1 and H9N2-C1, which naturally encode arginine at residue 351 of NP. Taken together, we demonstrated that Pirh2 is a host factor restricting IAV infection by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of NP. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that residue 351 of NP targeted by Pirh2 may associate with the evasion of human anti-viral response against avian-like influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiying Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyi Bao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Wang WC, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Progress towards the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081684. [PMID: 36016306 PMCID: PMC9415875 DOI: 10.3390/v14081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are responsible for millions of cases globally and significantly threaten public health. Since pandemic and zoonotic influenza viruses have emerged in the last 20 years and some of the viruses have resulted in high mortality in humans, a universal influenza vaccine is needed to provide comprehensive protection against a wide range of influenza viruses. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide strain-specific protection and are less effective against mismatched strains. The rapid antigenic drift and shift in influenza viruses resulted in time-consuming surveillance and uncertainty in the vaccine protection efficacy. Most recent universal influenza vaccine studies target the conserved antigen domains of the viral surface glycoproteins and internal proteins to provide broader protection. Following the development of advanced vaccine technologies, several innovative strategies and vaccine platforms are being explored to generate robust cross-protective immunity. This review provides the latest progress in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.M.)
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6
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Hsu JN, Chen JS, Lin SM, Hong JY, Chen YJ, Jeng US, Luo SY, Hou MH. Targeting the N-Terminus Domain of the Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Induces Abnormal Oligomerization via Allosteric Modulation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:871499. [PMID: 35517857 PMCID: PMC9061996 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.871499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics caused by coronaviruses (CoVs), namely the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2003), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (2012), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2019), have triggered a global public health emergency. Drug development against CoVs is inherently arduous. The nucleocapsid (N) protein forms an oligomer and facilitates binding with the viral RNA genome, which is critical in the life cycle of the virus. In the current study, we found a potential allosteric site (Site 1) using PARS, an online allosteric site predictor, in the CoV N-N-terminal RNA-binding domain (NTD) to modulate the N protein conformation. We identified 5-hydroxyindole as the lead via molecular docking to target Site 1. We designed and synthesized four 5-hydroxyindole derivatives, named P4-1 to P4-4, based on the pose of 5-hydroxyindole in the docking model complex. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data indicate that two 5-hydroxyindole compounds with higher hydrophobic R-groups mediate the binding between N-NTD and N-C-terminal dimerization domain (CTD) and elicit high-order oligomerization of the whole N protein. Furthermore, the crystal structures suggested that these two compounds act on this novel cavity and create a flat surface with higher hydrophobicity, which may mediate the interaction between N-NTD and N-CTD. Taken together, we discovered an allosteric binding pocket targeting small molecules that induces abnormal aggregation of the CoV N protein. These novel concepts will facilitate protein-protein interaction (PPI)-based drug design against various CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Hsu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Siao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Meng Lin
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yi Hong
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Yu D, Wang L, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Application of Computer-Aided Drug Design in Anti-Influenza A Virus Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094738. [PMID: 35563129 PMCID: PMC9105300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza A virus, which seriously threatens global human health and causes substantial economic losses every year. With the emergence of new viral strains, anti-influenza drugs remain the most effective treatment for influenza A. Research on traditional, innovative small-molecule drugs faces many challenges, while computer-aided drug design (CADD) offers opportunities for the rapid and effective development of innovative drugs. This literature review describes the general process of CADD, the viral proteins that play an essential role in the life cycle of the influenza A virus and can be used as therapeutic targets for anti-influenza drugs, and examples of drug screening of viral target proteins by applying the CADD approach. Finally, the main limitations of current CADD strategies in anti-influenza drug discovery and the field's future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ye Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8515-5249
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8
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Chua SCJH, Cui J, Engelberg D, Lim LHK. A Review and Meta-Analysis of Influenza Interactome Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869406. [PMID: 35531276 PMCID: PMC9069142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, the influenza virus causes 500,000 deaths worldwide. Influenza-associated mortality and morbidity is especially high among the elderly, children, and patients with chronic diseases. While there are antivirals available against influenza, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes, there is growing resistance against these drugs. Thus, there is a need for novel antivirals for resistant influenza strains. Host-directed therapies are a potential strategy for influenza as host processes are conserved and are less prone mutations as compared to virus-directed therapies. A literature search was performed for papers that performed viral–host interaction screens and the Reactome pathway database was used for the bioinformatics analysis. A total of 15 studies were curated and 1717 common interactors were uncovered among all these studies. KEGG analysis, Enrichr analysis, STRING interaction analysis was performed on these interactors. Therefore, we have identified novel host pathways that can be targeted for host-directed therapy against influenza in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Courtney Jun Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Engelberg
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Hsiu Kim Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Lina Hsiu Kim Lim,
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Hou L, Zhang Y, Ju H, Cherukupalli S, Jia R, Zhang J, Huang B, Loregian A, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1805-1824. [PMID: 35847499 PMCID: PMC9279641 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, affecting people globally and causing significant social and economic losses. Due to the inevitable limitations of vaccines and approved drugs, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-influenza drugs with different mechanisms. The viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) plays an essential role in the life cycle of influenza viruses, representing an attractive target for drug design. In recent years, the functional area of constituent proteins in vRNP are widely used as targets for drug discovery, especially the PA endonuclease active site, the RNA-binding site of PB1, the cap-binding site of PB2 and the nuclear export signal of NP protein. Encouragingly, the PA inhibitor baloxavir has been marketed in Japan and the United States, and several drug candidates have also entered clinical trials, such as favipiravir. This article reviews the compositions and functions of the influenza virus vRNP and the research progress on vRNP inhibitors, and discusses the representative drug discovery and optimization strategies pursued.
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10
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Sarker A, Gu Z, Mao L, Ge Y, Hou D, Fang J, Wei Z, Wang Z. Influenza-existing drugs and treatment prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Inhibitory Potentiality of Secondary Metabolites Extracted from Marine Fungus Target on Avian Influenza Virus-A Subtype H5N8 (Neuraminidase) and H5N1 (Nucleoprotein): A Rational Virtual Screening. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 15:100231. [PMID: 35059528 PMCID: PMC8760399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly contagious avian influenza virus’ (AIV) subtypes, including H5N1 and H5N8 are considered as serious threats for poultry industry. Despite its severity, treatment and mitigation attempts are fall into baffling. Though a few approved anti-influenza medications are available, the M2 channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine, as well as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir are being less effective due to widespread drug resistance. To cope up with these circumstances, scientists have found nucleoprotein as a novice drug targeting site for H5N1. Hence, the current study used a rational screening method to find the best candidates for nucleoprotein inhibitors of H5N1 subtype and neuraminidase inhibitors for H5N8 subtype against pathogenic AIV. Finding the best candidates, molecular docking method and computational pharmacokinetics and pharmacology was developed to estimate the potential of the multi-targeting fungal-derived natural compounds for the development of drug. Chevalone E compound was found as the best inhibitor for both nucleoprotein and neuraminidase of H5N1 and H5N8 subtypes respectively, whereas, Brevione F and Brocazine-A for nucleoprotein with Penilactone-A and Aspergifuranone for neuraminidase. In case of drug prediction, the study recommends Estramustine and Iloprost against both nucleoprotein and neuraminidase. Besides these, Butorphanol, Desvenlafaxine, Zidovudine and Nadolol are the best drug candidates for nucleoprotein inhibitors, meanwhile, Sitaxentan, Ergoloid mesylate, Capecitabine and Fenoterol act as speculated candidates against neuraminidase.
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Kaur R, Batra J, Stuchlik O, Reed MS, Pohl J, Sambhara S, Lal SK. Heterogeneous Ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) Interacts with the Nucleoprotein of the Influenza a Virus and Impedes Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020199. [PMID: 35215793 PMCID: PMC8880450 DOI: 10.3390/v14020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), like other viruses, depends on the host cellular machinery for replication and production of progeny. The relationship between a virus and a host is complex, shaped by many spatial and temporal interactions between viral and host proteome, ultimately dictating disease outcome. Therefore, it is imperative to identify host-virus interactions as crucial determinants of disease pathogenies. Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) is an RNA binding protein involved in the life cycle of many DNA and RNA viruses; however, its role in IAV remains undiscovered. Here we report that human hnRNPA1 physically interacts with the nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV in mammalian cells at different time points of the viral replication cycle. Temporal distribution studies identify hnRNPA1 and NP co-localize in the same cellular milieu in both nucleus and mitochondria in NP-transfected and IAV-infected mammalian cells. Interestingly, hnRNPA1 influenced NP gene expression and affected viral replication. Most importantly, hnRNPA1 knockdown caused a significant increase in NP expression and enhanced viral replication (93.82%) in IAV infected A549 cells. Conversely, hnRNPA1 overexpression reduced NP expression at the mRNA and protein levels and impeded virus replication by (60.70%), suggesting antagonistic function. Taken together, results from this study demonstrate that cellular hnRNPA1 plays a protective role in the host hitherto unknown and may hold potential as an antiviral target to develop host-based therapeutics against IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- School of Science, Monash University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (R.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jyoti Batra
- School of Science, Monash University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (R.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (O.S.); (M.S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Matthew S. Reed
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (O.S.); (M.S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Pohl
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (O.S.); (M.S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (O.S.); (M.S.R.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (R.K.); (J.B.)
- Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.L.)
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Development and application of a novel triplex protein microarray method for rapid detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1113-1124. [PMID: 33576898 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) inflict immense damage on the global poultry industry annually. Serological diagnostic methods are fundamental for the effective control and prevention of outbreaks caused by these viruses. In this study, a novel triplex protein microarray assay was developed and validated for the rapid and simultaneous visualized detection of antibodies against AIV, NDV, and IBV in chicken sera. The AIV nuclear protein (NP), NDV phosphoprotein (P), and IBV nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) were produced in a prokaryotic expression system, purified, and immobilized onto an initiator integrated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (iPDMS) film as probes to detect antibodies against these viruses in chicken sera. After optimization of the reaction conditions, no cross-reactivity was detected with infectious bursal disease virus, avian leukosis virus subgroup J and chicken anemia virus antisera. The lowest detectable antibody titers in this assay corresponded to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of 24 and 21 for AIV and NDV, respectively, and to an IDEXX antibody titer of 103 for IBV, using the HI assay and IDEXX commercial ELISA kit as the reference methods. When156 serum samples were tested using the new assay, the HI test and the IBV IDEXX ELISA kit, the assay showed 96.8% (151/156), 97.4% (152/156) and 99.4% (155/156) diagnostic accuracy for detection of AIV, NDV and IBV antibody, respectively. The current study suggests that the newly developed triplex microarray is rapid, sensitive, and specific, providing a viable alternative assay for AIV, NDV, and IBV antibody screening in epidemiological investigations and vaccination evaluations.
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Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Singh V, Tomar S, Kumar P. Computational guided identification of novel potent inhibitors of N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4084-4099. [PMID: 33251943 PMCID: PMC7754992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1852968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an exceptionally contagious disease that leads to global epidemics with elevated mortality and morbidity. There are currently no efficacious drugs targeting coronavirus disease 2019, therefore, it is an urgent requirement for the development of drugs to control this emerging disease. Owing to the importance of nucleocapsid protein, the present study focuses on targeting the N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to identify the potential compounds by computational approaches such as pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics. We found three molecules (ZINC000257324845, ZINC000005169973 and ZINC000009913056), which adopted a similar conformation as guanosine monophosphate (GMP) within the N-terminal domain active site and exhibiting high binding affinity (>−8.0 kcalmol−1). All the identified compounds were stabilized by hydrogen bonding with Arg107, Tyr111 and Arg149 of N-terminal domain. Additionally, the aromatic ring of lead molecules formed π interactions with Tyr109 of N-terminal domain. Molecular dynamics and Molecular mechanic/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area results revealed that N-terminal domain – ligand(s) complexes are less dynamic and more stable than N-terminal domain – GMP complex. As the identified compounds share the same corresponding pharmacophore properties, therefore, the present results may serve as a potential lead for the development of inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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15
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Antiviral Activities of Compounds Isolated from Pinus densiflora (Pine Tree) against the Influenza A Virus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050711. [PMID: 32375402 PMCID: PMC7278015 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus densiflora was screened in an ongoing project to discover anti-influenza candidates from natural products. An extensive phytochemical investigation provided 26 compounds, including two new megastigmane glycosides (1 and 2), 21 diterpenoids (3–23), and three flavonoids (24–26). The chemical structures were elucidated by a series of chemical reactions, including modified Mosher’s analysis and various spectroscopic measurements such as LC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The anti-influenza A activities of all isolates were screened by cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assays. Ten candidates were selected, and detailed mechanistic studies were performed by various assays, such as Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Compound 5 exerted its antiviral activity not by direct neutralizing virion surface proteins, such as HA, but by inhibiting the expression of viral mRNA. In contrast, compound 24 showed NA inhibitory activity in a noncompetitive manner with little effect on viral mRNA expression. Interestingly, both compounds 5 and 24 were shown to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results provide not only the chemical profiling of P. densiflora but also anti-influenza A candidates.
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16
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Liao Y, Ye Y, Li S, Zhuang Y, Chen L, Chen J, Cui Z, Huo L, Liu S, Song G. Synthesis and SARs of dopamine derivatives as potential inhibitors of influenza virus PA N endonuclease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112048. [PMID: 31954881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, influenza PAN endonuclease has become an attractive target for development of new drugs to treat influenza infections. Herein we report the discovery of new PAN endonuclease inhibitors derived from a chelating agent dopamine moiety. A series of dopamine amide derivatives and their conformationally constrained 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol-based analogs were elaborated and assayed against influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Most compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antiviral activities, generating a preliminary SARs. Among them, compounds 14 and 19 showed stronger anti-IAV activity compared with the reference Peramivir. Moreover, 14 and 19 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of PAN endonuclease based on both FRET assay and SPR assay. Docking studies were also performed to elucidate the binding mode of 14 and 19 with the PAN protein and to identify amino acids involved in their mechanism of action, which were well consistent with the biological data. This finding was beneficial to laying the foundation for the rational development of more effective PAN endonuclease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liao
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yilu Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yilian Zhuang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liye Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zining Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lijian Huo
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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17
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Cetina-Montejo L, Ayora-Talavera G, Borges-Argáez R. Zeylanone epoxide isolated from Diospyros anisandra stem bark inhibits influenza virus in vitro. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1543-1552. [PMID: 30905031 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, zanamivir and oseltamivir are in common use, and there are already reports of antiviral resistance. Several studies have shown the antiviral potential of a wide variety of plant-based natural compounds, among them those of the quinone type. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of naphthoquinones isolated from the stem bark of Diospyros anisandra, and we selected zeylanone epoxide (ZEP) to study its effects on influenza A and B viruses. Our results indicated that ZEP inhibits the replication of influenza A and B viruses, at early and middle stages of the replication cycle. Confined nuclear localization of the viral NP indicated that ZEP affects its intracellular distribution and reduces viral yield. This is the first report on the antiviral properties and possible mechanism of action of ZEP in vitro, showing its broad-spectrum activity against influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisseth Cetina-Montejo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Número 130 x 32 y 34, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Departamento de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Nogüchi", Calle 96 s/n x Av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47 Paseo de Las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Número 130 x 32 y 34, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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18
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Zheng W, Fan W, Zhang S, Jiao P, Shang Y, Cui L, Mahesutihan M, Li J, Wang D, Gao GF, Sun L, Liu W. Naproxen Exhibits Broad Anti-influenza Virus Activity in Mice by Impeding Viral Nucleoprotein Nuclear Export. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1875-1885.e5. [PMID: 31067470 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has previously been shown to exert antiviral activity against influenza A virus by inhibiting nucleoprotein (NP) binding to RNA. Here, we show that naproxen is a potential broad, multi-mechanistic anti-influenza virus therapeutic, as it inhibits influenza B virus replication both in vivo and in vitro. The anti-influenza B virus activity of naproxen is more efficient than that of the commonly used neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in mice. Furthermore, the NP of influenza B virus (BNP) has a higher binding affinity to naproxen than influenza A virus NP (ANP). Specifically, naproxen targets the NP at residues F209 (BNP) and Y148 (ANP). This interaction antagonizes the nuclear export of NP normally mediated by the host export protein CRM1. This study reveals a crucial mechanism of broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus activity of naproxen, suggesting that the existing drug naproxen may be used as an anti-influenza drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Liang Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Madina Mahesutihan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Shin WJ, Seong BL. Novel antiviral drug discovery strategies to tackle drug-resistant mutants of influenza virus strains. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 14:153-168. [PMID: 30585088 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1560261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains highlights the need for new antiviral therapeutics to combat future pandemic outbreaks as well as continuing seasonal cycles of influenza. Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms of current FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs and patterns of resistance to those drugs. It also discusses potential novel targets for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and recent progress in novel drug design to overcome drug resistance in influenza. Expert opinion: Using the available structural information about drug-binding pockets, research is currently underway to identify molecular interactions that can be exploited to generate new antiviral drugs. Despite continued efforts, antivirals targeting viral surface proteins like HA, NA, and M2, are all susceptible to developing resistance. Structural information on the internal viral polymerase complex (PB1, PB2, and PA) provides a new avenue for influenza drug discovery. Host factors, either at the initial step of viral infection or at the later step of nuclear trafficking of viral RNP complex, are being actively pursued to generate novel drugs with new modes of action, without resulting in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Baik L Seong
- b Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea.,c Vaccine Translational Research Center , Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea
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Dar'in D, Zarubaev V, Galochkina A, Gureev M, Krasavin M. Non-chelating p-phenylidene-linked bis-imidazoline analogs of known influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors: Synthesis and anti-influenza activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:526-532. [PMID: 30390440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemotype topologically similar to known influenza virus PA endonuclease inhibitors has been designed. It was aimed to reproduce the extended topology of the known metal-chelating ligands with a p-phenylidene-linked bis-imidazoline scaffold. It was envisioned that aromatic groups introduced to this scaffolds via metal-catalyzed N-arylation (Buchwald-Hartwig or Chan-Evans-Lam) would contribute to lipophilic binding to the target and one of the imidazoline nitrogen atoms would ensure non-chelating coordination to the prosthetic divalent metal ion. The compounds displayed appreciable anti-influenza activity in vitro and substantial concentration window from the general cytotoxicity range. Docking analysis of low-energy poses of the most active compound (as well as their comparison to the binding of an inactive compound) revealed that these compounds reproduced similar binding components to a known PA endonuclease inhibitor and displayed similar binding pose and desired monodentate metal coordination, as was initially envisioned. These findings warrant further investigation of the mechanism of action of the newly discovered series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Zarubaev
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Galochkina
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Gureev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
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Anti-influenza activity of diazaadamantanes combined with monoterpene moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4531-4535. [PMID: 28886889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of several diaza-adamantanes containing monoterpenoid moieties against a rimantadine-resistant strain of the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus was studied. Hetero-adamantanes containing monoterpene moieties at the aminal position of the heterocycle were found to exhibit lower activity compared to compounds with a diaza-adamantane fragment and a monoterpene moiety linked via an amino group at the 6-position of the hetero-adamantane ring. The highest selectivity index (a ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration to the 50% inhibitory concentration) out of 30 was observed for compound 8d, which contains a citronellal monoterpenoid moiety. Diaza-adamantane 8d was superior to its adamantane-containing analog 5 both in its anti-influenza activity and selectivity. Furthermore, 8d has more balanced physicochemical properties than 5, making the former a more promising drug candidate. Modelling these compounds against an influenza virus M2 ion channel predicted plausible binding modes to both the wild-type and the mutant (S31N).
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Zinc Finger-Containing Cellular Transcription Corepressor ZBTB25 Promotes Influenza Virus RNA Transcription and Is a Target for Zinc Ejector Drugs. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00842-17. [PMID: 28768860 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00842-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) replication relies on an intricate interaction between virus and host cells. How the cellular proteins are usurped for IAV replication remains largely obscure. The aim of this study was to search for novel and potential cellular factors that participate in IAV replication. ZBTB25, a transcription repressor of a variety of cellular genes, was identified by an RNA interference (RNAi) genomic library screen. Depletion of ZBTB25 significantly reduced IAV production. Conversely, overexpression of ZBTB25 enhanced it. ZBTB25 interacted with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein and modulated its transcription activity. In addition, ZBTB25 also functioned as a viral RNA (vRNA)-binding protein, binding preferentially to the U-rich sequence within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of vRNA. Both protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions involving ZBTB25 facilitated viral RNA transcription and replication. In addition, ZBTB25 suppressed interferon production, further enhancing viral replication. ZBTB25-associated functions required an intact zinc finger domain and posttranslational SUMO-1 modification of ZBTB25. Furthermore, treatment with disulfiram (a zinc ejector) of ZBTB25-overexpressing cells showed significantly reduced IAV production as a result of reduced RNA synthesis. Our findings indicate that IAV usurps ZBTB25 for IAV RNA synthesis and serves as a novel and potential therapeutic antiviral target.IMPORTANCE IAV-induced seasonal influenza causes severe illness and death in high-risk populations. However, IAV has developed resistance to current antiviral drugs due to its high mutation rate. Therefore, development of drugs targeting cellular factors required for IAV replication is an attractive alternative for IAV therapy. Here, we discovered a cellular protein, ZBTB25, that enhances viral RdRp activity by binding to both viral RdRp and viral RNA to stimulate viral RNA synthesis. A unique feature of ZBTB25 in the regulation of viral replication is its dual transcription functions, namely, promoting viral RNA transcription through binding to the U-rich region of vRNA and suppressing cellular interferon production. ZBTB25 contains a zinc finger domain that is required for RNA-inhibitory activity by chelating zinc ions. Disulfiram treatment disrupts the zinc finger functions, effectively repressing IAV replication. Based on our findings, we demonstrate that ZBTB25 regulates IAV RNA transcription and replication and serves as a promising antiviral target for IAV treatment.
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Hu Y, Sneyd H, Dekant R, Wang J. Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein: A Highly Conserved Multi-Functional Viral Protein as a Hot Antiviral Drug Target. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2271-2285. [PMID: 28240183 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170224122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection is an ongoing unmet medical need. Each year, thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations are attributed to influenza virus infection, which poses a tremendous health and economic burden to the society. Aside from the annual influenza season, influenza viruses also lead to occasional influenza pandemics as a result of emerging or re-emerging influenza strains. Influenza viruses are RNA viruses that exist in quasispecies, meaning that they have a very diverse genetic background. Such a feature creates a grand challenge in devising therapeutic intervention strategies to inhibit influenza virus replication, as a single agent might not be able to inhibit all influenza virus strains. Both classes of currently approved anti-influenza drugs have limitations: the M2 channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine are no longer recommended for use in the U.S. due to predominant drug resistance, and resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is continuously on the rise. In pursuing the next generation of antiviral drugs with broad-spectrum activity and higher genetic barrier of drug resistance, the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) stands out as a high-profile drug target. This review summarizes recent developments in designing inhibitors targeting influenza NP and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hannah Sneyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Raphael Dekant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Chutiwitoonchai N, Mano T, Kakisaka M, Sato H, Kondoh Y, Osada H, Kotani O, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Aida Y. Inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export of influenza A nucleoprotein and nuclear export protein as a novel target for antiviral drug development. Virology 2017; 507:32-39. [PMID: 28399435 PMCID: PMC7111614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An anti-influenza compound, DP2392-E10 based on inhibition of the nuclear export function of the viral nucleoprotein-nuclear export signal 3 (NP-NES3) domain was successfully identified by our previous high-throughput screening system. Here, we demonstrated that DP2392-E10 exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting replication of a broad range of influenza A subtypes. In regard to the molecular mechanism, we revealed that DP2392-E10 inhibits nuclear export of both viral NP and nuclear export protein (NEP). More specifically, in vitro pull-down assays revealed that DP2392-E10 directly binds cellular CRM1, which mediates nuclear export of NP and NEP. In silico docking suggested that DP2392-E10 binds at a region close to the HEAT9 and HEAT10 domains of CRM1. Together, these results indicate that the CRM1-mediated nuclear export function of influenza virus represents a new potential target for antiviral drug development, and also provide a core structure for a novel class of inhibitors that target this function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafumi Mano
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michinori Kakisaka
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Disease Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Single nucleoprotein residue determines influenza A virus sensitivity to an intertypic suppression mechanism. Virology 2017; 506:99-109. [PMID: 28371631 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying intertypic interference between co-infecting influenza types A and B viruses (IAV and IBV) have been proposed. We have recently described one in which IBV's nucleoprotein (BNP) sequestered IAV's nucleoprotein (ANP) and suppressed IAV polymerase and growth. However, its anti-IAV capacity and limitations have not been fully explored. Here, we showed that BNP's inhibitory effect was more potent toward a wide array of avian IAVs, whereas human IAVs revealed moderate resistance. BNP sensitivity was largely determined by ANP's residue 343 at the NP oligomerization interface. An avian IAV polymerase carrying an NP-V343L mutation switched from being highly BNP-sensitive to moderately BNP-resistant, and vice versa for a human IAV polymerase carrying a reverse mutation. To highlight its capacity, we demonstrated that the polymerases of highly-pathogenic H5N1 and the pandemic 2009 (H1N1) strains are strongly inhibited by BNP. Our work provides insights into lineage-specific sensitivity to BNP-mediated intertypic interference.
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Ahmad A, Javed MR, Rao AQ, Husnain T. Designing and screening of universal drug from neem (Azadirachta indica) and standard drug chemicals against influenza virus nucleoprotein. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:519. [PMID: 27986088 PMCID: PMC5162082 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Different strains of influenza virus are affecting a large number of people worldwide. Many synthetic antiviral medicines are available for influenza virus in the market. But still there is a need for the development of universal drugs against these strains of influenza virus. Methods For this purpose conserved residues within the influenza virus nucleoprotein have been retrieved. The drugs, previously known to have antiviral properties, were screened to identify the best candidate universal drug against Influenza virus strains. Compounds from leaf extracts of neem, were also screened to identify the natural drugs without side effects. Result Molecular docking identified three potential compounds (Nimbaflavone, Rutin, and Hyperoside) having perfect binding with reported conserved residues (ASP302, SER50) of influenza virus nucleoprotein that is involved in the binding of drugs. Further analysis showed Hyperoside as a universal drug against various influenza strains. Some chemical drugs were also evaluated through screening against nucleoprotein. The results showed six drugs (OMS, CBX, LGH, Naproxen, BMS-883559, and BMS-885838) which were interacting with same conserved residues (ASP302, TYR52, SER50, GLY288, SER376, and ARG99) as were found in the case of neem phytochemicals. Hyperoside from neem leaf extract along with drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559 showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein. Conclusion The compound Hyperoside from neem leaf extract along with drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559 showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein. So these compounds have been identified for their potential against influenza strains to be utilized as a universal drug.
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Activities of JNJ63623872 and oseltamivir against influenza A H1N1pdm and H3N2 virus infections in mice. Antiviral Res 2016; 136:45-50. [PMID: 27771390 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
JNJ63623872 (formerly known as VX-787) is an inhibitor of influenza A virus polymerases through interaction with the viral PB2 subunit. This interaction blocks the cap-snatching activity of the virus that is essential for virus replication. Previously published work has documented antiviral activity of JNJ63623872 in cell culture and mouse infection studies. In this report, we extend the in vivo observations by comparing the efficacies of JNJ63623872 and oseltamivir in mice infected with influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) and A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) viruses. Animals received JNJ63623872 or oseltamivir orally twice daily for 10 days starting 2 h pre-infection. JNJ63623872 (2, 6, and 20 mg/kg/day) and oseltamivir (20 mg/kg/day) completely prevented death in the H1N1pdm virus infection. Weight loss at nadir was only 12% in mice receiving 2 mg/kg/day of JNJ63623872 compared to 23% and 32%, respectively, in oseltamivir-treated (20 mg/kg/day) and placebo groups. Lung hemorrhage scores, lung weights, and lung virus titers on day 6 were reduced in a dose-responsive manner by JNJ63623872 treatments, whereas oseltamivir treatments were not as effective. JNJ63623872 was less active against H3N2 virus infection, with more body weight loss occurring and only 30% survival at the 2-mg/kg/day dose. Lung scores, lung weights, and H3N2 viral titers in lungs of mice were reduced less by JNJ63623872 treatments compared to the H1N1pdm infection. Nevertheless, the 20-mg/kg/day dose of JNJ63623872 was more effective than oseltamivir (20 mg/kg/day) in improving body weight and reducing the severity of lung infection. JNJ63623872 appears to be an important new drug candidate to treat influenza A H1N1pdm and H3N2 virus infections.
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Stevaert A, Naesens L. The Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex: An Update on Its Structure, Functions, and Significance for Antiviral Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1127-1173. [PMID: 27569399 PMCID: PMC5108440 DOI: 10.1002/med.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemic outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and a huge cost. Since resistance to the existing anti‐influenza drugs is rising, innovative inhibitors with a different mode of action are urgently needed. The influenza polymerase complex is widely recognized as a key drug target, given its critical role in virus replication and high degree of conservation among influenza A (of human or zoonotic origin) and B viruses. We here review the major progress that has been made in recent years in unravelling the structure and functions of this protein complex, enabling structure‐aided drug design toward the core regions of the PA endonuclease, PB1 polymerase, or cap‐binding PB2 subunit. Alternatively, inhibitors may target a protein–protein interaction site, a cellular factor involved in viral RNA synthesis, the viral RNA itself, or the nucleoprotein component of the viral ribonucleoprotein. The latest advances made for these diverse pharmacological targets have yielded agents in advanced (i.e., favipiravir and VX‐787) or early clinical testing, besides several experimental inhibitors in various stages of development, which are all covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Chutiwitoonchai N, Aida Y. NXT1, a Novel Influenza A NP Binding Protein, Promotes the Nuclear Export of NP via a CRM1-Dependent Pathway. Viruses 2016; 8:E209. [PMID: 27483302 PMCID: PMC4997571 DOI: 10.3390/v8080209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a serious worldwide public health problem. After infection, viral genomic RNA is replicated in the nucleus and packed into viral ribonucleoprotein, which will then be exported to the cytoplasm via a cellular chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway for further assembly and budding. However, the nuclear export mechanism of influenza virus remains controversial. Here, we identify cellular nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like export protein 1 (NXT1) as a novel binding partner of nucleoprotein (NP) that stimulates NP-mediated nuclear export via the CRM1-dependent pathway. NXT1-knockdown cells exhibit decreased viral replication kinetics and nuclear accumulated viral RNA and NP. By contrast, NXT1 overexpression promotes nuclear export of NP in a CRM1-dependent manner. Pull-down assays suggest the formation of an NXT1, NP, and CRM1 complex, and demonstrate that NXT1 binds to the C-terminal region of NP. These findings reveal a distinct mechanism for nuclear export of the influenza virus and identify the NXT1/NP interaction as a potential target for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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30
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A high-throughput screening system targeting the nuclear export pathway via the third nuclear export signal of influenza A virus nucleoprotein. Virus Res 2016; 217:23-31. [PMID: 26948263 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of antiviral drugs, M2 channel inhibitors and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, are currently approved for the treatment of influenza; however, the development of resistance against these agents limits their efficacy. Therefore, the identification of new targets and the development of new antiviral drugs against influenza are urgently needed. The third nuclear export signal (NES3) of nucleoprotein (NP) is the most important for viral replication among seven NESs encoded by four viral proteins, NP, M1, NS1, and NS2. NP-NES3 is critical for the nuclear export of NP, and targeting NP-NES3 is therefore a promising strategy that may lead to the development of antiviral drugs. However, a high-throughput screening (HTS) system to identify inhibitors of NP nuclear export has not been established. Here, we developed a novel HTS system to evaluate the inhibitory effects of compounds on the nuclear export pathway mediated by NP-NES3 using a MDCK cell line stably expressing NP-NES3 fused to a green fluorescent protein from aequorea coerulescens (AcGFP-NP-NES3) and a cell imaging analyzer. This HTS system was used to screen a 9600-compound library, leading to the identification of several hit compounds with inhibitory activity against the nuclear export of AcGFP-NP-NES3. The present HTS system provides a useful strategy for the identification of inhibitors targeting the nuclear export of NP via its NES3 sequence.
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Söderholm S, Anastasina M, Islam MM, Tynell J, Poranen MM, Bamford DH, Stenman J, Julkunen I, Šaulienė I, De Brabander JK, Matikainen S, Nyman TA, Saelens X, Kainov D. Immuno-modulating properties of saliphenylhalamide, SNS-032, obatoclax, and gemcitabine. Antiviral Res 2015; 126:69-80. [PMID: 26738783 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) impact the public health and global economy by causing yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. Several anti-IAV drugs are available and many are in development. However, the question remains which of these antiviral agents may allow activation of immune responses and protect patients against co- and re-infections. To answer to this question, we analysed immuno-modulating properties of the antivirals saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe), SNS-032, obatoclax, and gemcitabine, and found that only gemcitabine did not impair immune responses in infected cells. It also allowed activation of innate immune responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon alpha (IFNα)-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, immuno-mediators produced by gemcitabine-treated IAV-infected macrophages were able to prime immune responses in non-infected cells. Thus, we identified an antiviral agent which might be beneficial for treatment of patients with severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (TTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Anastasina
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Janne Tynell
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dennis H Bamford
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Department of Environmental Research, Siauliai University, Siauliai, Lithuania
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denis Kainov
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Recent insights into the development of therapeutics against coronavirus diseases by targeting N protein. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:562-72. [PMID: 26691874 PMCID: PMC7108309 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins are appealing drug targets against coronavirus-induced diseases. A variety of compounds targeting the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein have been developed. Many of these compounds show potential antiviral activity.
The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the 21st century and the recent outbreak of Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) highlight the importance of coronaviruses (CoVs) as human pathogens, emphasizing the need for development of novel antiviral strategies to combat acute respiratory infections caused by CoVs. Recent studies suggest that nucleocapsid (N) proteins from coronaviruses and other viruses can be useful antiviral drug targets against viral infections. This review aims to provide readers with a concise survey of the structural features of coronavirus N proteins and how these features provide insights into structure-based development of therapeutics against coronaviruses. We will also present our latest results on MERS-CoV N protein and its potential as an antiviral drug target.
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Protein sequence conservation and stable molecular evolution reveals influenza virus nucleoprotein as a universal druggable target. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:200-10. [PMID: 26140959 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The high mutation rate in influenza virus genome and appearance of drug resistance calls for a constant effort to identify alternate drug targets and develop new antiviral strategies. The internal proteins of the virus can be exploited as a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Among these, the nucleoprotein (NP) is the most abundant protein that provides structural and functional support to the viral replication machinery. The current study aims at analysis of protein sequence polymorphism patterns, degree of molecular evolution and sequence conservation as a function of potential druggability of nucleoprotein. We analyzed a universal set of amino acid sequences, (n=22,000) and, in order to identify and correlate the functionally conserved, druggable regions across different parameters, classified them on the basis of host organism, strain type and continental region of sample isolation. The results indicated that around 95% of the sequence length was conserved, with at least 7 regions conserved across the protein among various classes. Moreover, the highly variable regions, though very limited in number, were found to be positively selected indicating, thereby, the high degree of protein stability against various hosts and spatio-temporal references. Furthermore, on mapping the conserved regions on the protein, 7 drug binding pockets in the functionally important regions of the protein were revealed. The results, therefore, collectively indicate that nucleoprotein is a highly conserved and stable viral protein that can potentially be exploited for development of broadly effective antiviral strategies.
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Mechanism of action for respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor RSV604. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:1080-7. [PMID: 25451060 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04119-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children and other high-risk populations. RSV nucleoprotein (N) is essential for virus assembly and replication as part of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. RSV604 was a putative N inhibitor in phase 2 clinical trials whose molecular mechanism of action (MoA) was not well understood. This study investigated the cell line-dependent potency of RSV604 and demonstrated its direct binding to the N protein in vitro, providing the first evidence of direct target engagement for this class of inhibitors reported to date. The affinity of RSV604 N binding was not affected by RSV604 resistance mutations in the N protein. RSV604 engaged in two different MoAs in HeLa cells, inhibiting both RSV RNA synthesis and the infectivity of released virus. The lack of inhibition of viral RNA synthesis in some cell lines explained the cell-type-dependent potency of the inhibitor. RSV604 did not inhibit viral RNA synthesis in the RSV subgenomic replicon cells or in the cell-free RNP assay, suggesting that it might act prior to viral replication complex formation. RSV604 did not alter N protein localization in the infected cells. Taken together, these results provide new insights leading to an understanding of the MoAs of RSV604 and other similar N inhibitors.
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35
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Davis AM, Chabolla BJ, Newcomb LL. Emerging antiviral resistant strains of influenza A and the potential therapeutic targets within the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex. Virol J 2014; 11:167. [PMID: 25228366 PMCID: PMC4180549 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antiviral resistant strains of influenza A virus are greatly limiting the therapies available to stop aggressive infections. Genome changes that confer resistance to the two classes of approved antivirals have been identified in circulating influenza A viruses. It is only a matter of time before the currently approved influenza A antivirals are rendered ineffective, emphasizing the need for additional influenza antiviral therapies. This review highlights the current state of antiviral resistance in circulating and highly pathogenic influenza A viruses and explores potential antiviral targets within the proteins of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex, drawing attention to the viral protein activities and interactions that play an indispensable role in the influenza life cycle. Investigation of small molecule inhibition, accelerated by the use of crystal structures of vRNP proteins, has provided important information about viral protein domains and interactions, and has revealed many promising antiviral drug candidates discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura L Newcomb
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
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36
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Turrell L, Lyall JW, Tiley LS, Fodor E, Vreede FT. The role and assembly mechanism of nucleoprotein in influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1591. [PMID: 23481399 PMCID: PMC4168216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoprotein of negative strand RNA viruses forms a major component of the ribonucleoprotein complex that is responsible for viral transcription and replication. However, the precise role of nucleoprotein in viral RNA transcription and replication is not clear. Here we show that nucleoprotein of influenza A virus is entirely dispensable for replication and transcription of short viral RNA-like templates in vivo, suggesting that nucleoprotein represents an elongation factor for the viral RNA polymerase. We also find that the recruitment of nucleoprotein to nascent ribonucleoprotein complexes during replication of full length viral genes is mediated through nucleoprotein-nucleoprotein homo-oligomerisation in a “tail loop-first” orientation and is independent of RNA binding. This work demonstrates that nucleoprotein does not regulate the initiation and termination of transcription and replication by the viral polymerase in vivo and provides new mechanistic insights into the assembly and regulation of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Turrell
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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37
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Shoji M, Takahashi E, Hatakeyama D, Iwai Y, Morita Y, Shirayama R, Echigo N, Kido H, Nakamura S, Mashino T, Okutani T, Kuzuhara T. Anti-influenza activity of c60 fullerene derivatives. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66337. [PMID: 23785493 PMCID: PMC3681905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza A virus, which originated in swine, caused a global pandemic in 2009, and the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus has also caused epidemics in Southeast Asia in recent years. Thus, the threat from influenza A remains a serious global health issue, and novel drugs that target these viruses are highly desirable. Influenza A RNA polymerase consists of the PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, and the N-terminal domain of the PA subunit demonstrates endonuclease activity. Fullerene (C60) is a unique carbon molecule that forms a sphere. To identify potential new anti-influenza compounds, we screened 12 fullerene derivatives using an in vitro PA endonuclease inhibition assay. We identified 8 fullerene derivatives that inhibited the endonuclease activity of the PA N-terminal domain or full-length PA protein in vitro. We also performed in silico docking simulation analysis of the C60 fullerene and PA endonuclease, which suggested that fullerenes can bind to the active pocket of PA endonuclease. In a cell culture system, we found that several fullerene derivatives inhibit influenza A viral infection and the expression of influenza A nucleoprotein and nonstructural protein 1. These results indicate that fullerene derivatives are possible candidates for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Morita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Riku Shirayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Echigo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okutani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Nucleozin targets cytoplasmic trafficking of viral ribonucleoprotein-Rab11 complexes in influenza A virus infection. J Virol 2013; 87:4694-703. [PMID: 23408618 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03123-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antivirals are needed to supplement existing control strategies for influenza A virus (IAV). A promising new class of drug, exemplified by the compound nucleozin, has recently been identified that targets the viral nucleoprotein (NP). These inhibitors are thought to act as "molecular staples" that stabilize interactions between NP monomers, promoting the formation of nonfunctional aggregates. Here we detail the inhibitory mechanism of nucleozin, finding that the drug has both early- and late-acting effects on the IAV life cycle. When present at the start of infection, it inhibited viral RNA and protein synthesis. However, when added at later time points, it still potently blocked the production of infectious progeny but without affecting viral macromolecular synthesis. Instead, nucleozin blocked the cytoplasmic trafficking of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) that had undergone nuclear export, promoting the formation of large perinuclear aggregates of RNPs along with cellular Rab11. This effect led to the production of much reduced amounts of often markedly smaller virus particles. We conclude that the primary target of nucleozin is the viral RNP, not NP, and this work also provides proof of the principle that IAV replication can be effectively inhibited by blocking cytoplasmic trafficking of the viral genome.
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