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Norphanphoun C, Hyde KD. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand. Pathogens 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 38133319 PMCID: PMC10747506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan's mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Norphanphoun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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2
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Qiao YH, Zhang CN, Li M, Li H, Mao YF, Chen FM. Species of the Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040489. [PMID: 37108943 PMCID: PMC10140928 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is widely planted in landscaping. In October 2021 and August 2022, leaf spot was observed on C. betulus in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. To identify the causal agent of anthracnose disease on C. betulus, 23 isolates were obtained from the symptomatic leaves. Based on ITS sequences and colony morphology, these isolates were divided into four Colletotrichum groups. Koch's postulates of four Colletotrichum species showed similar symptoms observed in the field. Combining the morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer (ApMat) gene, the calmodulin (CAL) gene, glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, Glutamine synthetase (GS) gene, and beta-tubulin 2 (TUB2) genes, the four Colletotrichum groups were identified as C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, C. aenigma, and C. siamense. This study is the first report of four Colletotrichum species causing leaf spot on European hornbeam in China, and it provides clear pathogen information for the further evaluation of the disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Qiao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen-Ning Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yun-Fei Mao
- Suzhou Forestry Station, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Feng-Mao Chen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
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Gu Q, Chu S, Huang Q, Chen A, Li L, Li R. Colletotrichum echinochloae: A Potential Bioherbicide Agent for Control of Barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:421. [PMID: 36771505 PMCID: PMC9919787 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) is one of the most troublesome weeds in transplanted and direct-seeded rice worldwide. To develop a strategy for the biocontrol of barnyardgrass, fungal isolates were recovered from barnyardgrass plants that exhibited signs of necrosis and wilt. An isolate B-48 with a high level of pathogenicity to barnyardgrass was identified after pathogenicity tests. From cultural and DNA sequence data, this strain was identified as Colletotrichum echinochloae. The inoculation of the barnyardgrass plant with C. echinochloae caused a significant reduction in fresh weight. The isolate B-48 was highly pathogenic to barnyardgrass at the three- to four-leaf stages. When inoculated at a concentration of 1 × 107 spores/mL, barnyardgrass could achieve a reduction in fresh weight of more than 50%. This strain was safe for rice and most plant species. The results of this study indicated that this strain could be a potential mycoherbicide for barnyardgrass control in paddy fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruhai Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18986092385
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Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Sorghum Anthracnose in Kenya and Screening of Sorghum Germplasm for Resistance to Anthracnose. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010100. [PMID: 36675921 PMCID: PMC9864066 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of sorghum with annual yield losses of up to 100%. Although the resistance to anthracnose has been identified elsewhere, the usefulness of the resistance loci differs depending on the pathogen species and pathotypes. Accurate species identification of the disease-causing fungal pathogens is essential for developing and implementing suitable management strategies. The use of host resistance is the most effective strategy of anthracnose management and therefore identification of sources for resistance against unique pathogen pathotypes is fundamental. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize Colletotrichum species associated with sorghum anthracnose and screen sorghum germplasm for resistance to anthracnose. Symptomatic sorghum leaf samples were collected from smallholder farmers in lower eastern Kenya and used for the isolation, identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species using morpho-cultural and phylogenetic analyses with the sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity tests of the seven fungal isolates showed that there were no significant differences in the pathogenicity on host plants. The fungal isolates were variable in cultural and morphological characters such as colony type and color, colony diameter, mycelia growth and hyaline. The phenotypic characters observed were useful in the identification of the genus Colletotrichum and not the species. Based on the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, Colletotrichum sublineola was revealed to be associated with anthracnose on sorghum. Germplasm screening for resistance to anthracnose showed differential reactions of sorghum genotypes to anthracnose under greenhouse and field conditions. The results revealed four resistant genotypes and ten susceptible genotypes against Colletotrichum sublineola. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in grain weight, grain yield, weight of 100 seeds and harvest index among the tested sorghum genotypes. The present study indicated that the Kenyan accessions could be an important source of resistance to anthracnose. The findings from this study provide a platform towards devising efficient disease control strategies and resistance breeding.
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Belisário R, Robertson AE, Vaillancourt LJ. Maize Anthracnose Stalk Rot in the Genomic Era. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2281-2298. [PMID: 35291814 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2147-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose stalk rot (ASR) of maize results in millions of dollars in losses annually in the United States. ASR, together with anthracnose leaf blight and anthracnose top dieback, is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. Current ASR management recommendations emphasize host resistance and reduction of plant stressors (e.g., drought, heat, low fertility, or soil acidity). Stress reduction may be more difficult to achieve in the future due to more high-intensity production protocols and climate change. Moreover, cultural and chemical management practices may conflict with other important goals, including environmental sustainability and maximization of yield potential. Thus, future ASR management may rely more heavily on host resistance, for which there are relatively few highly effective sources. The last comprehensive review of C. graminicola and maize anthracnose was written over two decades ago. The genomic age has brought important new insights into mechanisms governing the host-pathogen interaction from the application of molecular and cytological technologies. This review provides a summary of our current model of maize anthracnose etiology, including how increased knowledge of molecular and cellular events could contribute to better ASR management. Improved understanding of C. graminicola taxonomy has confirmed that the fungus is specific to Zea mays, and that it colonizes living maize tissues via a critical biotrophic phase. Successful biotrophic establishment relies on an array of secreted protein effectors and secondary metabolites produced at different stages of infection and dispersed to multiple locations. These molecules could provide therapeutic targets for the next generation of transgenic or gene-edited ASR-resistant hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Belisário
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Alison E Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 1344 Advanced Teaching and Research Building, 2213 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Lisa J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
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Gupta C, Salgotra RK, Damm U, Rajeshkumar KC. Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing anthracnose of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bhaderwah-Rajmash from northern Himalayas, India. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:169. [PMID: 35845112 PMCID: PMC9279525 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With an annual loss of up to 100%, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most devastating diseases of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Due to few distinctive morphological characters, Colletotrichum species are frequently misidentified. In India, several Colletotrichum species have been reported as pathogens of Phaseolus species, but none had previously been validated by means of molecular tools. In this study, we studied Colletotrichum strains from common beans cv. Bhaderwah-Rajmash from the northern Himalayas of India based on both morphological and DNA sequence data of six loci, namely ITS, gapdh, chs-1, his3, act, tub2. The strains were identified as C. lindemuthianum that belongs to the C. orbiculare species complex. Representative C. lindemuthianum strains tested on Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bhaderwah-Rajmash were pathogenic and exhibited variation in symptomology and disease progression. By identifying the causal agent, we provided substantial information to develop the best control strategies for anthracnose of Phaseolus vulgaris from the northern Himalayas of India. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03216-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainika Gupta
- School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180009 India
| | - Romesh Kumar Salgotra
- School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180009 India
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - K. C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004 India
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Hyphal Fusions Enable Efficient Nutrient Distribution in Colletotrichum graminicola Conidiation and Symptom Development on Maize. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061146. [PMID: 35744664 PMCID: PMC9231406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyphal and germling fusion is a common phenomenon in ascomycetous fungi. Due to the formed hyphal network, this process enables a coordinated development as well as an interaction with plant hosts and efficient nutrient distribution. Recently, our laboratory work demonstrated a positive correlation between germling fusion and the formation of penetrating hyphopodia on maize leaves outgoing from Colletotrichum graminicola oval conidia. To investigate the probable interconnectivity of these processes, we generated a deletion mutant in Cgso, in which homologs are essential for cellular fusion in other fungal species. However, hyphopodia development was not affected, indicating that both processes are not directly connected. Instead, we were able to link the cellular fusion defect in ∆Cgso to a decreased formation of asexual fruiting bodies of C. graminicola on the leaves. The monitoring of a fluorescent-labelled autophagy marker, eGFP-CgAtg8, revealed a high autophagy activity in the hyphae surrounding the acervuli. These results support the hypothesis that the efficient nutrient transport of degraded cellular material by hyphal fusions enables proper acervuli maturation and, therefore, symptom development on the leaves.
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Colletotrichum litangense sp. nov., Isolated as an Endophyte of Hippuris vulgaris, an Aquatic Plant in Sichuan, China. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:161. [PMID: 35416528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An unknown endophytic fungus was isolated from the aquatic plant Hippuris vulgaris in Litang county, Sichuan province, China. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from combined ITS, Sod2, Apn2, and TUB2 sequences revealed that the endophyte is a new species belonging to the Colletotrichum graminicola species complex. Morphological characteristics showed that Colletotrichum litangense is characterized by its falcate, lunate to sublunate conidia, and ellipsoidal, ovoid, or lobed appressoria. Pathogenicity tests on several fruits showed that C. litangense could induce anthracnose lesions. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenicity analyses, we proposed the name Colletotrichum litangense for the new species.
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Alizadeh A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Nourmohammadi Nazarian R, Liu F, Zare R, Fotouhifar KB, Stukenbrock EH, Damm U. New species of Colletotrichum from wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants in Iran. Mycologia 2022; 114:89-113. [PMID: 35138985 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.2008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots on leaves of various wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants collected in three provinces of Iran and tentatively identified as belonging to the Graminicola species complex based on morphology. All strains were studied via a polyphasic approach combining colony characteristics, morphology and phylogeny inferred from multi-locus sequences, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial sequences of the β-tubulin (tub2), actin (act), manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2), DNA lyase 2 (apn2) genes, a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and the intergenic spacer between the apn2 gene and the mat1 idiomorph (apn2/mat1). Six species were distinguished, including three new species, namely C. caspicum, C. persicum, and C. sacchari, and three previously described species, C. cereale, C. nicholsonii and C. sublineola. Comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species. Furthermore, this study provided new insights into the distribution and host range of known species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 5375171379, Iran
| | - M Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | | | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - R Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - K B Fotouhifar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - E H Stukenbrock
- Environmental Genomics, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - U Damm
- Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
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Colletotrichum species associated with sugarcane red rot in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wan Y, Zou L, Zeng L, Tong H, Chen Y. A New Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1474-1481. [PMID: 33258436 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1912-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown blight, as the most damaging and common foliar disease of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in China, has been recently reported to be caused by different species of the genus Colletotrichum. During the years 2016 to 2017, tea plants in commercial tea cultivation areas of Chongqing City that reported significant incidences of brown blight disease were investigated and then analyzed using both morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that at least five species of Colletotrichum were identified, including four well-known species (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. camelliae, C. fioriniae, and C. karstii) and one novel species (C. chongqingense), indicating that there is remarkable species diversity in Colletotrichum spp. present as pathogens. Results of pathogenicity analyses confirmed that C. chongqingense was the causal agent of brown blight and different isolates differed in virulence. C. chongqingense, as a novel pathogen, has never been reported as being associated with brown blight disease in tea plants or anthracnose in other host plants anywhere in the world. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between Colletotrichum spp. and their host plant Camellia sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Wan
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lvjia Zou
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huarong Tong
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingjuan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Abstract
Twenty-seven Colletotrichum isolates associated with asymptomatic tissues of bamboo (Bambusoideae, Gramineae) were isolated from Anhui, Beijing, and Guangxi in China. Based on multilocus (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], chitin synthase [CHS], actin [ACT], beta-tubulin [TUB2]) phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, three species were distinguished, including two novel species, C. bambusicola and C. guangxiense, and one known species, C. metake, which is a first report for China. These species have hitherto only been discovered on Bambusoideae, indicating that they probably have host preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Tong Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Nurunnabi TR, Sarwar S, Sabrin F, Alam F, Nahar L, Sohrab H, Sarker SD, Rahman SMM, Billah M. Molecular identification and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Heritiera fomes (Buch. -Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endophytic fungi play a vital role in plant defense system by secreting various antimicrobial agents. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi of the mangrove plant Heritiera fomes (Buch. -Ham), plants were collected from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. The endophytic fungi were subsequently isolated and identified.
Results
Fifty-five endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, root, and bark of H. fomes (Buch. -Ham). Genomic DNA was extracted for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) by specific primers to multiply ITS region and sequences were determined. Nucleotide sequence data were submitted to the Genbank and accession number for each fungal strain was obtained. Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic extracts of eleven species from both fermentation and mycelium, respectively, were analyzed by microtiter plate-based antimicrobial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth against two Gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981 and Micrococcus luteus NCTC 7508, two Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli NCTC 12241 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12903, and a fungus Candida albicans ATCC 90028. All the endophytic fungal extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against more than one-tested pathogenic microbial strains. Overall, methanolic extracts showed greater activity than EtOAc extracts. Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Pestalotiopsis microspora, and Penicillium copticola were the most active endophytic fungal strains and exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the microorganisms under investigation and their MIC values ranged from 0.0024 to 5.0 mg/mL. Methanolic extracts of both P. camelliae-sinensis and P. microspora showed the highest antibacterial activity (MIC value of 0.0024 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa NCTC 12903.
Conclusion
This study showed that the isolated and identified endophytic fungi from H. fomes (Buch. -Ham) could be potential sources of antimicrobial agents.
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Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V, Palla B, Papp D, Bhunjun CS, Hurdeal VG, Senwanna C, Manawasinghe IS, Harischandra DL, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Chuankid B, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Zeng X, Liyanage KK, Liu N, Karunarathna A, Hapuarachchi KK, Luangharn T, Raspé O, Brahmanage R, Doilom M, Lee HB, Mei L, Jeewon R, Huanraluek N, Chaiwan N, Stadler M, Wang Y. One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020). FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
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Park MJ, Back CG, Park JH. Colletotrichum cymbidiicola Causing Anthracnose on Cymbidium Orchids in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:321-325. [PMID: 32952415 PMCID: PMC7476528 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1768626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Colletotrichum species was isolated from leaves of Cymbidium exhibiting symptoms of anthracnose. In this study, the isolates obtained were identified based on recent taxonomic approaches for the genus Colletotrichum. The identity of the causal pathogen was confirmed using morphological data and phylogenetic analysis of combined multi-gene dataset (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1, actin, histone3, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin). Pathogenicity testing revealed that the isolates were pathogenic to Cymbidium. Based on these results, the fungal pathogen occurring on Cymbidium orchids was identified as Colletotrichum cymbidiicola, which is a newly recorded species in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Park
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National
Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Back
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National
Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jong-Han Park
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National
Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju, Korea
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18
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Zhang W, Damm U, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Niu X, Lin J, Li Y. Anthracnose Disease of Carpetgrass ( Axonopus compressus) Caused by Colletotrichum hainanense sp. nov. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1744-1750. [PMID: 32290774 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2183-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) is a creeping, stoloniferous, perennial warm-season grass that is adapted to humid tropical and subtropical climates. Recently, outbreaks of anthracnose disease of A. compressus caused by an unidentified Colletotrichum sp. were observed in the Hainan and Guangdong provinces in southern China. In late winter and early spring, the disease incidence reached 100% in some badly infected lawns. Under high-moisture conditions, the crowns and oldest leaf sheaths of the majority of the plants became necrotic, which led to whole lawns turning reddish brown. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating uninfected A. compressus plants with a conidial suspension of the Colletotrichum sp. isolated from diseased Axonopus plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined internal transcribed spacer, Sod2, Apn2, and Apn2/Mat1 sequences revealed the pathogen to be a novel species of the Colletotrichum graminicola species complex. Microscopic examination showed that the species was also morphologically distinct from related Colletotrichum species. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenicity analyses, we propose the name Colletotrichum hainanense for this pathogen of A. compressus in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Pedro W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | | | - Xueli Niu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Jinmei Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
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19
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Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham) from the Sundarbans mangrove forest. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7223820 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi reside in the intercellular space of plant nourished by the plant. In return, they provide bioactive molecules which can play critical roles on plant defense system. Fifty six endophytes were isolated from the leaves, root, bark and fruits of Sonneratia apetala, a pioneer mangrove plant in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. A total of 56 isolates were obtained and 12 different species within 8 genera were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts of these 12 different species were analyzed by resazurin assay and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. The fungal extracts showed antimicrobial activities against more than one tested bacterium or fungus among 5 human pathogenic microbes, i.e. Escherichia coli NCTC 12241, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981, Micrococcus lutus NCTC 7508, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 7508 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Overall, methanolic extracts showed greater activity than that of ethyl acetate extracts. Of the isolates identified, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium equiseti were the most active isolates and showed activity against microorganisms under investigation. Methanolic extracts of C. gloeosporioides and A. niger showed the lowest MIC (0.0024 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa. The study indicates that endophytic fungi isolated from S. apetala species possess potential antimicrobial properties, which could be further investigated.
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20
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Nordzieke DE, Sanken A, Antelo L, Raschke A, Deising HB, Pöggeler S. Specialized infection strategies of falcate and oval conidia of Colletotrichum graminicola. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 133:103276. [PMID: 31550526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For many filamentous fungi with pathogenic lifestyles, the presence of distinct asexual conidia has been described. However, the role of these spore types remains mostly obscure. Colletotrichum graminicola is a hemibiotrophic filamentous fungus, causing anthracnose on maize plants with a high potential of epidemic disease spreading. C. graminicola generates two types of conidia. Falcate shaped conidia formed in necrotic lesions on maize tissues are able to generate appressoria with high efficiency and are considered key disease spreading propagules. The second conidia type, the smaller oval conidia, is formed in the vascular system of the infected plant, probably causing the distribution of the disease in planta. Barely any knowledge exists about how these conidia are able to exhibit their specific functions in the life cycle and pathogenicity of C. graminicola. Here, we show that germlings derived from both falcate and oval conidia differ in the secretion of a germination inhibitor and signals for germling fusion. Germination experiments combined with HPLC and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that germination of falcate conidia is regulated by the self-inhibitor mycosporine-glutamine, whereas this compound is absent from oval conidia cultures. Additionally, germlings derived from oval conidia undergo germling fusions at high frequencies and are able to induce such a fusion when co-incubated with falcate conidia. Falcate conidia germlings alone, however, were never observed to fuse. Plant infection experiments showed a positive correlation between germling fusions and efficient leaf infection by oval conidia. However, this correlation was not observed for infection by falcate conidia. Together, our findings reveal significant differences of two types of conidia derived from the same pathogenic fungus with distinct roles in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Nordzieke
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, DE-37081 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alina Sanken
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, DE-37081 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis Antelo
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 56, DE-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anja Raschke
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty for Natural Sciences III, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, DE-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty for Natural Sciences III, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, DE-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, DE-37081 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Ma X, Nontachaiyapoom S, Jayawardena RS, yde KD, Gentekaki E, Zhou S, Qian Y, Wen T, Kang J. Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Dendrobium spp. in China and Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 2018; 43:23-57. [PMID: 30568535 PMCID: PMC6290043 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.43.25081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Colletotrichum are commonly found in many plant hosts as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally saprobes. Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from three Dendrobium species - D.cariniferum, D.catenatum and D.harveyanum, as well as three unidentified species. The taxa were identified using morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, ACT and ß-tubulin sequence data. This is the first time to identify endophytic fungi from Dendrobium orchids using the above method. The known species, Colletotrichumboninense, C.camelliae-japonicae, C.fructicola, C.jiangxiense and C.orchidophilum were identified as fungal endophytes of Dendrobium spp., along with the new species, C.cariniferi, C.chiangraiense, C.doitungense, C.parallelophorum and C.watphraense, which are introduced in this paper. One strain is recorded as an unidentified species. Corn meal agar is recommended as a good sporulation medium for Colletotrichum species. This is the first report of fungal endophytes associated with Dendrobiumcariniferum and D.harveyanum. Colletotrichumcamelliae-japonicae, C.jiangxiense, and C.orchidophilum are new host records for Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. yde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou institute of animal husbandry and veterinary, Guiyang, Guizhou province, 550005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Qian
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingchi Wen
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Gupta S, Bhatt P, Chaturvedi P. Determination and quantification of asiaticoside in endophytic fungus from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:111. [PMID: 29980864 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a highly considered medicinal plant owing to its secondary metabolites asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. The asiaticoside, one of the most important constituents of the plant, is a triterpenoid saponin having memory enhancement property. Given its medicinal properties, we isolated and characterized endophytic fungi from this plant with the aim to screen these microorganisms for asiaticoside production. In total, we isolated 13 endophytic fungi from the leaves of the plant, out of which one of the isolates produced asiaticoside. This asiaticoside producing isolate was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by internal transcribed spacer-based rDNA sequencing. The presence of asiaticoside in ethyl acetate extract of C. gloeosporioides was confirmed by LC-MS. The production of asiaticoside measured in relation to incubation time and subculture generation revealed presence of 62.29 ± 3.36 µg/100 mL of asiaticoside by C. gloeosporioides on the 15th day in first subculture generation followed by a decrease in subsequent generations. A similar trend was also shown by yield and growth curve of C. gloeosporioides. The asiaticoside production and yield were found to be positively correlated. This paper reported the production of asiaticoside by an endophytic fungus C. gloeosporioides for the first time. The present findings definitely provide an impetus to the production of asiaticoside by utilizing the endophytic source. Chemical compound studied in this article: Asiaticoside (PubChemCID: 108062).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhpriya Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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23
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Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald J, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer Z, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde K, Jayawardena R, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart A, Rossman A, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas R, Tan Y, van der Linde E, Wingfield M, Wood A, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Stud Mycol 2017; 86:99-216. [PMID: 28663602 PMCID: PMC5486355 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - I. Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Camporesi
- A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy
- A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy
- Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Z.W. de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Dissanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - J. Edwards
- AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M. Shen
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E.J. van der Linde
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division – Mycology, P. Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - J.Q. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Higgins KL, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Arnold AE. Culturing and direct PCR suggest prevalent host generalism among diverse fungal endophytes of tropical forest grasses. Mycologia 2017; 103:247-60. [DOI: 10.3852/09-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas A. Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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25
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Rojas EI, Rehner SA, Samuels GJ, Van Bael SA, Herre EA, Cannon P, Chen R, Pang J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Peng YQ, Sha T. Colletotrichum gloeosporioidess.l. associated withTheobroma cacaoand other plants in Panamá: multilocus phylogenies distinguish host-associated pathogens from asymptomatic endophytes. Mycologia 2017; 102:1318-38. [DOI: 10.3852/09-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary J. Samuels
- USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | | | - Edward A. Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Republic of Panamá
| | - Paul Cannon
- CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratories, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xinshiabanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sha
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Buiate EAS, Xavier KV, Moore N, Torres MF, Farman ML, Schardl CL, Vaillancourt LJ. A comparative genomic analysis of putative pathogenicity genes in the host-specific sibling species Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum sublineola. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:67. [PMID: 28073340 PMCID: PMC5225507 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colletotrichum graminicola and C. sublineola cause anthracnose leaf and stalk diseases of maize and sorghum, respectively. In spite of their close evolutionary relationship, the two species are completely host-specific. Host specificity is often attributed to pathogen virulence factors, including specialized secondary metabolites (SSM), and small-secreted protein (SSP) effectors. Genes relevant to these categories were manually annotated in two co-occurring, contemporaneous strains of C. graminicola and C. sublineola. A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis was performed to address the evolutionary relationships among these and other divergent gene families in the two strains. Results Inoculation of maize with C. sublineola, or of sorghum with C. graminicola, resulted in rapid plant cell death at, or just after, the point of penetration. The two fungal genomes were very similar. More than 50% of the assemblies could be directly aligned, and more than 80% of the gene models were syntenous. More than 90% of the predicted proteins had orthologs in both species. Genes lacking orthologs in the other species (non-conserved genes) included many predicted to encode SSM-associated proteins and SSPs. Other common groups of non-conserved proteins included transporters, transcription factors, and CAZymes. Only 32 SSP genes appeared to be specific to C. graminicola, and 21 to C. sublineola. None of the SSM-associated genes were lineage-specific. Two different strains of C. graminicola, and three strains of C. sublineola, differed in no more than 1% percent of gene sequences from one another. Conclusions Efficient non-host recognition of C. sublineola by maize, and of C. graminicola by sorghum, was observed in epidermal cells as a rapid deployment of visible resistance responses and plant cell death. Numerous non-conserved SSP and SSM-associated predicted proteins that could play a role in this non-host recognition were identified. Additional categories of genes that were also highly divergent suggested an important role for co-evolutionary adaptation to specific host environmental factors, in addition to aspects of initial recognition, in host specificity. This work provides a foundation for future functional studies aimed at clarifying the roles of these proteins, and the possibility of manipulating them to improve management of these two economically important diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3457-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A S Buiate
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA.,Present Address: Monsanto Company Brazil, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K V Xavier
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - N Moore
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Davis Marksbury Building, 328 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40504-0633, USA
| | - M F Torres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA.,Present Address: Functional Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - M L Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - C L Schardl
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - L J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA.
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Liu F, Tang G, Zheng X, Li Y, Sun X, Qi X, Zhou Y, Xu J, Chen H, Chang X, Zhang S, Gong G. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in peppers from Sichuan Province, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32761. [PMID: 27609555 PMCID: PMC5016793 DOI: 10.1038/srep32761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease that primarily causes fruit rot in pepper. Eighty-eight strains representing seven species of Colletotrichum were obtained from rotten pepper fruits in Sichuan Province, China, and characterized according to morphology and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequence. Fifty-two strains were chosen for identification by phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences, including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL) and GAPDH genes. Based on the combined datasets, the 88 strains were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. truncatum, C. scovillei, and C. brevisporum, and one new species was detected, described as Colletotrichum sichuanensis. Notably, C. siamense and C. scovillei were recorded for the first time as the causes of anthracnose in peppers in China. In addition, with the exception of C. truncatum, this is the first report of all of the other Colletotrichum species studied in pepper from Sichuan. The fungal species were all non-host-specific, as the isolates were able to infect not only Capsicum spp. but also Pyrus pyrifolia in pathogenicity tests. These findings suggest that the fungal species associated with anthracnose in pepper may inoculate other hosts as initial inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Liu
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Tang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Qi
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huabao Chen
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
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Malapi-Wight M, Salgado-Salazar C, Demers JE, Clement DL, Rane KK, Crouch JA. Sarcococca Blight: Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing for Fungal Plant Disease Diagnosis. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1093-1100. [PMID: 30682271 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1159-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of new plant pathogens is vital for the rapid implementation of effective mitigation strategies and appropriate regulatory responses. Most commonly, pathogen identification relies on morphology and DNA marker analysis. However, for new diseases, these approaches may not be sufficient for precise diagnosis. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the causal agent of a new disease affecting Sarcococca hookeriana (sarcococca). Blight symptoms were observed on sarcococca and adjacent Buxus sempervirens (boxwood) plants in Maryland during 2014. Symptoms on sarcococca were novel, and included twig dieback and dark lesions on leaves and stems. A Calonectria sp. was isolated from both hosts and used to fulfill Koch's postulates but morphology and marker sequence data precluded species-level identification. A 51.4-Mb WGS was generated for the two isolates and identified both as Calonectria pseudonaviculata. A single-nucleotide polymorphism at a noncoding site differentiated between the two host isolates. These results indicate that the same C. pseudonaviculata genotype has the ability to induce disease on both plant species. This study marks the first application of WGS for fungal plant pathogen diagnosis and demonstrates the power of this approach to rapidly identify causal agents of new diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Malapi-Wight
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Catalina Salgado-Salazar
- USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory; and Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08906
| | - Jill E Demers
- USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory
| | - David L Clement
- University of Maryland Home and Garden Information Center, Ellicott City, MD 21042
| | - Karen K Rane
- Plant Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory
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Liu F, Weir B, Damm U, Crous P, Wang Y, Liu B, Wang M, Zhang M, Cai L. Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. PERSOONIA 2015; 35:63-86. [PMID: 26823629 PMCID: PMC4713112 DOI: 10.3767/003158515x687597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 144 Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of Camellia sinensis and other Camellia spp. from seven provinces in China (Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), and seven isolates obtained from other countries, including Indonesia, UK, and the USA. Based on multi-locus (ACT, ApMat, CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS, TUB2) phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characters, 11 species were distinguished, including nine well-characterised species (C. alienum, C. boninense, C. camelliae, C. cliviae, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. sia-mense), and two novel species (C. henanense and C. jiangxiense). Of these, C. camelliae proved to be the most dominant and probably host specific taxon occurring on Camellia. An epitype is also designated for the latter species in this study. Colletotrichum jiangxiense is shown to be phylogenetically closely related to the coffee berry pathogen C. kahawae subsp. kahawae. Pathogenicity tests and the pairwise homoplasy index test suggest that C. jiangxiense and C. kahawae subsp. kahawae are two independent species. This study represents the first report of C. alienum and C. cliviae occurring on Camellia sinensis. In addition, our study demonstrated that the combined use of the loci ApMat and GS in a phylogenetic analysis is able to resolve all currently accepted species in the C. gloeosporioides species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B.S. Weir
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U. Damm
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P.W. Crous
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guizhou University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - B. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, 450002, China
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Afanador-Kafuri L, González A, Gañán L, Mejía JF, Cardona N, Alvarez E. Characterization of the Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose in Andean Blackberry in Colombia. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:1503-1513. [PMID: 30699787 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-13-0752-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since 1992, anthracnose of Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus) has generated losses as high as 40% for farmers in Colombia. In this study, our goal was to characterize 240 Colletotrichum isolates from Andean blackberry in eight areas of Colombia. These isolates were evaluated according to morphological characteristics, sensitivity to benomyl, pathogenicity, and genetic variability. Identification of the genus Colletotrichum was achieved by using species complex-specific polymerase chain reaction primers. A multilocus phylogeny approach was used to identify isolates to the species level with sequences from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and partial sequences of the actin, β-tubulin 2, calmodulin, chitin synthase 1, glutamine synthetase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. Most of the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, were associated with the Castilla ecotype, showed high sensitivity to benomyl, and were highly aggressive. Isolates identified as C. acutatum sensu lato were found mainly on the Thornless ecotype, were highly resistant to benomyl, and showed intermediate aggressiveness. Only three isolates were identified as C. boninense sensu lato. The species identified included C. fructicola, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, C. godetiae, C. karstii, C. brassicicola, and undetermined Colletotrichum spp. This study is the first report of these species associated with anthracnose in Andean blackberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Afanador-Kafuri
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Medellín, A. A. 1779, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alonso González
- Tropical Fruit Project, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lederson Gañán
- CIAT and Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, A. A. 275, Manizales, Colombia
| | | | - Nadya Cardona
- Universidad de Antioquia, A. A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
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Damm U, O'Connell R, Groenewald J, Crous P. The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops. Stud Mycol 2014; 79:49-84. [PMID: 25492986 PMCID: PMC4255528 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. Several Colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to C. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. The inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxonomic confusion, particularly in the plant pathology literature. A multilocus DNA sequence analysis (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 83 isolates of C. destructivum and related species revealed 16 clades that are recognised as separate species in the C. destructivum complex, which includes C. destructivum, C. fuscum, C. higginsianum, C. lini and C. tabacum. Each of these species is lecto-, epi- or neotypified in this study. Additionally, eight species, namely C. americae-borealis, C. antirrhinicola, C. bryoniicola, C. lentis, C. ocimi, C. pisicola, C. utrechtense and C. vignae are newly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.J. O'Connell
- UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Colletotrichum caudatum sensu lato is a widespread fungal pathogen of warm-season grasses. The fungus is easily differentiated from other Colletotrichum species through the presence of a unique filiform appendage at the apex of the conidium. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of four DNA sequence markers from 21 isolates of C. caudatum s.l. from six grass hosts recovered the morphospecies as a well-supported monophyletic group. Although closely related to other Colletotrichum species pathogenic to warm-season grasses (e.g. C. sublineola, C. falcatum, C. navitas, C. graminicola), the sister taxon placement of C. caudatum remained unclear. Four major subgroups and three monotypic lineages were identified from the C. caudatum s.l. isolates. Despite the presence of localized, taxon-specific incongruence between gene trees and evidence for recombination in the dataset, application of genealogical concordance species recognition criteria diagnosed the four subgroups as phylogenetic species. Traditional morphology-based species concept defines C. caudatum as one species with a broad host range; however, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses refuted this model. Instead, isolates from different hosts were mainly segregated into different lineages. In particular, isolates from the type locale and host (USA, Sorghastrum nutans) collected within a 400 km radius were divided into three distinct species that corresponded with the three sampling sites. These data established that traditional morphological and ecological features are not informative for recognition of taxa within C. caudatum s.l., although there is some evidence that some species may be host specific. To stabilize the application of the name C. caudatum, DNA sequence data from the lectotype was generated, an epitype strain consistent with the type was designated and illustrated, and an emended description of C. caudatum sensu stricto is provided. Colletotrichum alcornii, C. baltimorense, C. somersetense, and C. zoysiae are described as new morphologically cryptic species related to C. caudatum s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Anne Crouch
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Mahmodi F, Kadir JB, Puteh A, Pourdad SS, Nasehi A, Soleimani N. Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates Associated with Leguminosae Using Multigene Loci, RAPD and ISSR. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:10-24. [PMID: 25288981 PMCID: PMC4174832 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2013.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5-19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Mahmodi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J. B. Kadir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A. Puteh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Pourdad
- Dry-land Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A. Nasehi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Soleimani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yang HC, Haudenshield JS, Hartman GL. Colletotrichum incanum sp. nov., a curved-conidial species causing soybean anthracnose in USA. Mycologia 2014; 106:32-42. [PMID: 24603833 DOI: 10.3852/13-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Soybean anthracnose is caused by a number of species of Colletotrichum that as a group represent an important disease that results in significant economic losses. In the current study, Colletotrichum species were isolated from soybean petioles and stems with anthracnose symptoms from soybean fields in Illinois. Multigene sequence phylogenic analysis, combining rDNA internal transcribed spacer, actin, β-tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and histone H3 gene regions, revealed a group of isolates collected in this study to be distinct from other established Colletotrichum species. This new group was phylogenetically closer to C. liriopes, C. tofieldiae and C. verruculosum than to C. truncatum, another species with curved conidia commonly found on soybean. A representative isolate from this new group was used to examine its morphology, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity to soybean; it was found to differ from C. truncatum in colony culture characteristics and sizes of conidia and appressoria. As a result of the molecular phylogenetic, morphological and pathogenicity analyses, we named this species Colletotrichum incanum. Of the 84 Colletotrichum isolates collected from soybean petioles, 40 were C. incanum, indicating that this species may commonly occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Yang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Soybean Research Center, University of Illinois, 1101 West Peabody Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Cai L, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Endophytic Colletotrichum from tropical grasses with a new species C. endophytica. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Bletilla ochracea (Orchidaceae), with descriptions of seven new speices. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Inoue Y, Mori R, Takahashi Y, Kiguchi S, Enomoto T, Chuma I, Tosa Y. Identification and molecular mapping of a wheat gene for resistance to an unadapted isolate of Colletotrichum cereale. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 103:575-582. [PMID: 23676088 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-12-0216-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate genetic mechanisms of host species specificity between graminicolous anthracnose fungi and gramineous plants, infection assays were performed with a Sorghum isolate (Colletotrichum sublineolum), a Digitaria isolate (C. hanaui), a Polypogon isolate (C. cereale), and an Avena isolate (C. cereale). They were specifically virulent on the plants from which they were isolated. When 72 wheat lines were inoculated with an unadapted isolate from Asia Minor bluegrass (Cgp29), however, some exceptional cultivars were recognized. Although most cultivars were resistant to Cgp29, 'Hope' was susceptible. In F2 populations derived from crosses between three resistant cultivars-'Norin 4' (N4), 'Chinese Spring' (CS), and 'Shin-chunaga' (Sch)-and the susceptible Hope, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in a 3:1 ratio, suggesting that a major gene is involved in the resistance of each cultivar to Cgp29. In F2 populations derived from crosses between the three resistant cultivars, all seedlings were resistant, suggesting that these three cultivars carry the same gene. This resistance gene was designated as "resistance to Colletotrichum cereale 1" (Rcc1). Analysis with the CS-Hope chromosome substitution lines and molecular mapping revealed that Rcc1 was located on the long arm of chromosome 5A. Cytologically, Rcc1 was mainly associated with hypersensitive reaction. These results suggest that major genes similar to those controlling cultivar specificity are involved in the resistance of wheat against the unadapted isolate of C. cereale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Huang F, Chen GQ, Hou X, Fu YS, Cai L, Hyde KD, Li HY. Colletotrichum species associated with cultivated citrus in China. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum is known as an important anthracnose pathogen of a wide range of host plants worldwide. Numerous studies have reported subgroups within the C. acutatum species complex. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3) of 331 strains previously identified as C. acutatum and other related taxa, including strains from numerous hosts with wide geographic distributions, confirmed the molecular groups previously recognised and identified a series of novel taxa. Thirty-one species are accepted, of which 21 have not previously been recognised. Colletotrichum orchidophilum clusters basal to the C. acutatum species complex. There is a high phenotypic diversity within this complex, and some of the species appear to have preferences to specific hosts or geographical regions. Others appear to be plurivorous and are present in multiple regions. In this study, only C. salicis and C. rhombiforme formed sexual morphs in culture, although sexual morphs have been described from other taxa (especially as laboratory crosses), and there is evidence of hybridisation between different species. One species with similar morphology to C. acutatum but not belonging to this species complex was also described here as new, namely C. pseudoacutatum. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES New combinations - Colletotrichum limetticola (R.E. Clausen) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. lupini (Bondar) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. salicis (Fuckel) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. New species - C. acerbum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. australe Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. brisbanense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. cosmi Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. costaricense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. cuscutae Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. guajavae Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. indonesiense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. johnstonii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. kinghornii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. melonis Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. orchidophilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. paxtonii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. pseudoacutatum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous C. pyricola Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. rhombiforme Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. scovillei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. sloanei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. tamarilloi Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. walleri Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Typifications: Epitypifications - C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds, C. limetticola (R.E. Clausen) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, C. phormii (Henn.) D.F. Farr & Rossman, C. salicis (Fuckel) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Lectotypifications - C. nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, C. orchidearum Allesch.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.F. Cannon
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK
| | - J.H.C. Woudenberg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Damm U, Cannon P, Woudenberg J, Johnston P, Weir B, Tan Y, Shivas R, Crous P. The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Stud Mycol 2012; 73:1-36. [PMID: 23136457 PMCID: PMC3458415 DOI: 10.3114/sim0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although only recently described, Colletotrichum boninense is well established in literature as an anthracnose pathogen or endophyte of a diverse range of host plants worldwide. It is especially prominent on members of Amaryllidaceae, Orchidaceae, Proteaceae and Solanaceae. Reports from literature and preliminary studies using ITS sequence data indicated that C. boninense represents a species complex. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3, CAL) of 86 strains previously identified as C. boninense and other related strains revealed 18 clades. These clades are recognised here as separate species, including C. boninense s. str., C. hippeastri, C. karstii and 12 previously undescribed species, C. annellatum, C. beeveri, C. brassicicola, C. brasiliense, C. colombiense, C. constrictum, C. cymbidiicola, C. dacrycarpi, C. novae-zelandiae, C. oncidii, C. parsonsiae and C. torulosum. Seven of the new species are only known from New Zealand, perhaps reflecting a sampling bias. The new combination C. phyllanthi was made, and C. dracaenae Petch was epitypified and the name replaced with C. petchii. Typical for species of the C. boninense species complex are the conidiogenous cells with rather prominent periclinal thickening that also sometimes extend to form a new conidiogenous locus or annellations as well as conidia that have a prominent basal scar. Many species in the C. boninense complex form teleomorphs in culture. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES New combination - Colletotrichum phyllanthi (H. Surendranath Pai) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Name replacement - C. petchii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. New species - C. annellatum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. beeveri Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. brassicicola Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. brasiliense Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous & Massola, C. colombiense Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, C. constrictum Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. cymbidiicola Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. dacrycarpi Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. novae-zelandiae Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. oncidii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. parsonsiae Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. torulosum Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir. Typifications: Epitypifications - C. dracaenae Petch.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.F. Cannon
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK
| | - J.H.C. Woudenberg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.R. Johnston
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B.S. Weir
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Plant Biosecurity Science, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Plant Biosecurity Science, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A review is provided of the current state of understanding of Colletotrichum systematics, focusing on species-level data and the major clades. The taxonomic placement of the genus is discussed, and the evolution of our approach to species concepts and anamorph-teleomorph relationships is described. The application of multilocus technologies to phylogenetic analysis of Colletotrichum is reviewed, and selection of potential genes/loci for barcoding purposes is discussed. Host specificity and its relation to speciation and taxonomy is briefly addressed. A short review is presented of the current status of classification of the species clusters that are currently without comprehensive multilocus analyses, emphasising the orbiculare and destructivum aggregates. The future for Colletotrichum biology will be reliant on consensus classification and robust identification tools. In support of these goals, a Subcommission on Colletotrichum has been formed under the auspices of the International Commission on Taxonomy of Fungi, which will administer a carefully curated barcode database for sequence-based identification of species within the BioloMICS web environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.F. Cannon
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK
| | - U. Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.R. Johnston
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B.S. Weir
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
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Noireung P, Phoulivong S, Liu F, Cai L, Mckenzie EH, Chukeatirote E, Jones EBG, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. Novel Species ofColletotrichumRevealed by Morphology and Molecular Analysis. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2012. [DOI: 10.7872/crym.v33.iss3.2012.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rakotoniriana EF, Scauflaire J, Rabemanantsoa C, Urveg-Ratsimamanga S, Corbisier AM, Quetin-Leclercq J, Declerck S, Munaut F. Colletotrichum gigasporum sp. nov., a new species of Colletotrichum producing long straight conidia. Mycol Prog 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-012-0847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Inderbitzin P, Bostock RM, Davis RM, Usami T, Platt HW, Subbarao KV. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the fungal vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium, with the descriptions of five new species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28341. [PMID: 22174791 PMCID: PMC3233568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of pathogen biology and genetic diversity is a cornerstone of effective disease management, and accurate identification of the pathogen is a foundation of pathogen biology. Species names provide an ideal framework for storage and retrieval of relevant information, a system that is contingent on a clear understanding of species boundaries and consistent species identification. Verticillium, a genus of ascomycete fungi, contains important plant pathogens whose species boundaries have been ill defined. Using phylogenetic analyses, morphological investigations and comparisons to herbarium material and the literature, we established a taxonomic framework for Verticillium comprising ten species, five of which are new to science. We used a collection of 74 isolates representing much of the diversity of Verticillium, and phylogenetic analyses based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial sequences of the protein coding genes actin (ACT), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and tryptophan synthase (TS). Combined analyses of the ACT, EF, GPD and TS datasets recognized two major groups within Verticillium, Clade Flavexudans and Clade Flavnonexudans, reflecting the respective production and absence of yellow hyphal pigments. Clade Flavexudans comprised V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus as well as the new species V. zaregamsianum, V. isaacii and V. klebahnii, of which the latter two were morphologically indistinguishable from V. tricorpus but may differ in pathogenicity. Clade Flavnonexudans comprised V. nubilum, V. dahliae and V. longisporum, as well as the two new species V. alfalfae and V. nonalfalfae, which resembled the distantly related V. albo-atrum in morphology. Apart from the diploid hybrid V. longisporum, each of the ten species corresponded to a single clade in the phylogenetic tree comprising just one ex-type strain, thereby establishing a direct link to a name tied to a herbarium specimen. A morphology-based key is provided for identification to species or species groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Inderbitzin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Bostock
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Davis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Toshiyuki Usami
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Harold W. Platt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Su YY, Noireung P, Liu F, Hyde KD, Moslem MA, Bahkali AH, Abd-Elsalam KA, Cai L. Epitypification of Colletotrichum musae, the causative agent of banana anthracnose. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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From morphology to molecular biology: can we use sequence data to identify fungal endophytes? FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cai L, Giraud T, Zhang N, Begerow D, Cai G, Shivas RG. The evolution of species concepts and species recognition criteria in plant pathogenic fungi. FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Colletotrichum truncatum: an unusual pathogen causing mycotic keratitis and endophthalmitis. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2894-8. [PMID: 21653772 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00151-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the well-known plant pathogens of the Colletotrichum genus were increasingly reported to cause ophthalmic infections in humans. Among 66 species in the Colletotrichum genus, only a few are known to be pathogenic for humans. We report here five cases of ophthalmic infections due to Colletotrichum truncatum, a species never reported earlier to cause human infection. The isolates were identified by morphological characteristics and the sequencing of internal spacer regions of ribosomal DNA. The progress of lesions in those patients was slow compared to that of lesions caused by Aspergillus or Fusarium infections. The surgical management included total penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratitis and pars plana vitrectomy in endophthalmitis. Two patients were treated additionally with intravitreal amphotericin B deoxycholate, one patient with oral itraconazole, and another patient with oral and topical fluconazole therapy. The present series therefore highlights the expanding spectrum of agents causing eye infections and the inclusion of C. truncatum as a human pathogen.
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