1
|
van Galen LG, Orlovich DA, Lord JM, Nilsen AR, Dutoit L, Larcombe MJ. Correlated evolution in an ectomycorrhizal host-symbiont system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1215-1229. [PMID: 36751898 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of diversification in fungi are relatively poorly known. Many ectomycorrhizal symbionts show preference for particular host genera or families, so host-symbiont selection may be an important driver of fungal diversification in ectomycorrhizal systems. However, whether ectomycorrhizal hosts and symbionts show correlated evolutionary patterns remains untested, and it is unknown whether fungal specialisation also occurs in systems dominated by hosts from the same genus. We use metabarcoding of ectomycorrhizal fungi collected with hyphal ingrowth bags from Nothofagus forests across southern New Zealand to investigate host-symbiont specialisation and correlated evolution. We examine how ectomycorrhizal communities differ between host species and look for patterns of host-symbiont cophylogeny. We found substantial differences in ectomycorrhizal communities associated with different host taxa, particularly between hosts from different subgenera (Lophozonia and Fuscospora), but also between more closely related hosts. Twenty-four per cent of fungal taxa tested showed affiliations to particular hosts, and tests for cophylogeny revealed significant correlations between host relatedness and the fungal phylogeny that extended to substantial evolutionary depth. These results provide new evidence of correlated evolution in ectomycorrhizal systems, indicating that preferences among closely related host species may represent an important evolutionary driver for local lineage diversification in ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura G van Galen
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - David A Orlovich
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Janice M Lord
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andy R Nilsen
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Larcombe
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hackel J, Henkel TW, Moreau P, De Crop E, Verbeken A, Sà M, Buyck B, Neves M, Vasco‐Palacios A, Wartchow F, Schimann H, Carriconde F, Garnica S, Courtecuisse R, Gardes M, Manzi S, Louisanna E, Roy M. Biogeographic history of a large clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the Russulaceae, in the Neotropics and adjacent regions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:698-713. [PMID: 35811430 PMCID: PMC9795906 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biogeography of neotropical fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct the origins and diversification of neotropical lineages in one of the largest clades of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the globally widespread family Russulaceae. We inferred a supertree of 3285 operational taxonomic units, representing worldwide internal transcribed spacer sequences. We reconstructed biogeographic history and diversification and identified lineages in the Neotropics and adjacent Patagonia. The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae have a tropical African origin. The oldest lineages in tropical South America, most with African sister groups, date to the mid-Eocene, possibly coinciding with a boreotropical migration corridor. There were several transatlantic dispersal events from Africa more recently. Andean and Central American lineages mostly have north-temperate origins and are associated with North Andean uplift and the general north-south biotic interchange across the Panama isthmus, respectively. Patagonian lineages have Australasian affinities. Diversification rates in tropical South America and other tropical areas are lower than in temperate areas. Neotropical Russulaceae have multiple biogeographic origins since the mid-Eocene involving dispersal and co-migration. Discontinuous distributions of host plants may explain low diversification rates of tropical lowland ectomycorrhizal fungi. Deeply diverging neotropical fungal lineages need to be better documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond‐upon‐ThamesTW9 3AEUK
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State Polytechnic University, HumboldtArcataCA95521USA
| | - Pierre‐Arthur Moreau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (LGCgE, ER4)Université de Lille59006LilleFrance
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department of BiologyGhent University9000GentBelgium
| | | | - Mariana Sà
- Centro Universitário de João PessoaPB 58053‐000João PessoaBrazil
| | - Bart Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRSSorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles75231Paris cedex 05France
| | - Maria‐Alice Neves
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaSC 88040‐900FlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Aída Vasco‐Palacios
- Microbiología Ambiental–School of Microbiology, Laboratory of Taxonomy and Ecology of Fungi–Institute of BiologyUniversity of Antioquia050010MedellínColombia
| | - Felipe Wartchow
- Departamento de Sistemática e EcologiaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaPB 58051‐970João PessoaBrazil
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de GuyaneAgroParisTech/CIRAD/CNRS/Université des Antilles/Université de la Guyane/INRA97379Kourou cedexFrench Guiana
| | - Fabian Carriconde
- Institut Agronomique néo‐Calédonien (IAC), Equipe Sol & Végétations (SolVeg)BP1823998848NouméaNew Caledonia
| | - Sigisfredo Garnica
- Instituto de Bioquímica y MicrobiologíaUniversidad Austral de Chile5049000ValdiviaChile
| | - Régis Courtecuisse
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (LGCgE, ER4)Université de Lille59006LilleFrance
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Eliane Louisanna
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de GuyaneAgroParisTech/CIRAD/CNRS/Université des Antilles/Université de la Guyane/INRA97379Kourou cedexFrench Guiana
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
- Instituto Franco‐Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI/CNRS‐CONICET‐UBA‐IRD)Universidad de Buenos AiresC1428EGACiudad Autonoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, Vaughan L, Cooper J, Nuytinck J. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae( Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. PERSOONIA 2021; 47:1-44. [PMID: 37693797 PMCID: PMC10486632 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Lactifluus clarkeae complex is a commonly observed, generally brightly coloured, group of mushrooms that are usually associated with Nothofagus or Myrtaceous hosts in Australia and New Zealand. For this study collections labelled as 'Lactarius clarkeae', 'Russula flocktoniae' and 'Lactarius subclarkeae' were examined morphologically and molecularly. Analyses of molecular data showed a high cryptic diversity, with sequences scattered across 11 clades in three subgenera within Lactifluus, and a single collection in Russula. We select epitypes to anchor the currently accepted concepts of Lf. clarkeae s.str. and Lf. flocktoniae s.str. The name Lf. subclarkeae could not be applied to any of the collections examined, as none had a lamprotrichoderm pileipellis. Lactifluus clarkeae var. aurantioruber is raised to species level, and six new species are described, three in subg. Lactifluus: Lf. jetiae, Lf. pagodicystidiatus, and Lf. rugulostipitatus, and three in subg. Gymnocarpi: Lf. albens, Lf. psammophilus, and Lf. pseudoflocktoniae. A new collection of Lf. russulisporus provides a significant range extension for the species. Untangling this complex will enable better identification of species and increase understanding of diversity and specific habitat associations of macrofungi. Citation: Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, et al. 2021. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae (Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. Persoonia 47: 1-44. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lebel
- Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Rd, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Douch
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health
| | - L. Tegart
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - L. Vaughan
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J.A. Cooper
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Nuytinck
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pfenning-Butterworth AC, Davies TJ, Cressler CE. Identifying co-phylogenetic hotspots for zoonotic disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200363. [PMID: 34538148 PMCID: PMC8450626 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of zoonotic diseases is increasing worldwide, which makes identifying parasites likely to become zoonotic and hosts likely to harbour zoonotic parasites a critical concern. Prior work indicates that there is a higher risk of zoonotic spillover accruing from closely related hosts and from hosts that are infected with a high phylogenetic diversity of parasites. This suggests that host and parasite evolutionary history may be important drivers of spillover, but identifying whether host-parasite associations are more strongly structured by the host, parasite or both requires co-phylogenetic analyses that combine host-parasite association data with host and parasite phylogenies. Here, we use host-parasite datasets containing associations between helminth taxa and free-range mammals in combination with phylogenetic models to explore whether host, parasite, or both host and parasite evolutionary history influences host-parasite associations. We find that host phylogenetic history is most important for driving patterns of helminth-mammal association, indicating that zoonoses are most likely to come from a host's close relatives. More broadly, our results suggest that co-phylogenetic analyses across broad taxonomic scales can provide a novel perspective for surveying potential emerging infectious diseases. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, Forest, and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haelewaters D, Park D, Johnston PR. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis reveals that Cyttariales is a synonym of Helotiales. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Rajchenberg M, Pildain MB, de Errasti A, Riquelme C, Becerra J, Torres-Díaz C, Cabrera-Pardo JR. Species and genera in Aleurodiscus sensu lato as viewed from the Southern Hemisphere. Mycologia 2021; 113:1264-1277. [PMID: 34424828 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1940671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of 12 species in Aleurodiscus sensu lato (Stereaceae, Russulales) described from the Patagonian forests of Chile and Argentina were investigated based on sequences of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and the D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S). A new genus and a new species are presented, and 10 new combinations proposed. The genus Gloeosoma is shown to be phylogenetically well supported and morphologically circumscribed; it includes G. vitellinum (type species), G. mirabile, comb. nov., G. zealandicum, comb. nov., and Gloeosoma decorticans, sp. nov., which is newly described from Chile. The new genus Stereodiscus is proposed to accommodate a group of taxa characterized by an austral distribution and morphologically by smooth, thin-walled, amyloid basidiospores and a lack of gloeocystidia and acanthocystidia; three species develop Stereum-like basidiomata and two species present discoid ones. The new genus includes the species formerly known as Aleurodiscus antarcticus, A. limonisporus, A. parmuliformis, A. patagonicus, and A. triviale. Specimens of Stereodiscus parmuliformis (A. parmuliformis) from New Zealand (where it was originally described) and southern Chile are shown to be phylogenetically conspecific, which confirms its presence in Patagonia. Gloeosoma and Stereodiscus are shown to be distantly related to Aleurodiscus s. str. and other genera in Stereaceae. The new combinations Aleurocystidiellum bernicchiae, Aleurocystidiellum hallenbergii, and Acanthobasidium quilae are proposed based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses, and Aleurodiscus cerussatus is shown to be a cryptic species complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rajchenberg
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia S.J. Bosco, Sede Esquel, Ruta 259 km 14,6, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Pildain
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia S.J. Bosco, Sede Esquel, Ruta 259 km 14,6, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Andrés de Errasti
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Winkworth RC, Bellgard SE, McLenachan PA, Lockhart PJ. The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250422. [PMID: 34019564 PMCID: PMC8139493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora agathidicida is associated with a root rot that threatens the long-term survival of the iconic New Zealand kauri. Although it is widely assumed that this pathogen arrived in New Zealand post-1945, this hypothesis has yet to be formally tested. Here we describe evolutionary analyses aimed at evaluating this and two alternative hypotheses. As a basis for our analyses, we assembled complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 16 accessions representing the geographic range of P. agathidicida as well as those of five other members of Phytophthora clade 5. All 21 mitogenome sequences were very similar, differing little in size with all sharing the same gene content and arrangement. We first examined the temporal origins of genetic diversity using a pair of calibration schemes. Both resulted in similar age estimates; specifically, a mean age of 303.0-304.4 years and 95% HPDs of 206.9-414.6 years for the most recent common ancestor of the included isolates. We then used phylogenetic tree building and network analyses to investigate the geographic distribution of the genetic diversity. Four geographically distinct genetic groups were recognised within P. agathidicida. Taken together the inferred age and geographic distribution of the sampled mitogenome diversity suggests that this pathogen diversified following arrival in New Zealand several hundred to several thousand years ago. This conclusion is consistent with the emergence of kauri dieback disease being a consequence of recent changes in the relationship between the pathogen, host, and environment rather than a post-1945 introduction of the causal pathogen into New Zealand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Winkworth
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stanley E. Bellgard
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter J. Lockhart
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Johnston PR, Park D, Smith ME, Mujic AB, May TW. Brahmaculus gen. nov. (Leotiomycetes, Chlorociboriaceae). MycoKeys 2021; 80:19-43. [PMID: 34025144 PMCID: PMC8121775 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.80.64435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A second genus in Chlorociboriaceae is described here as Brahmaculusgen. nov. Macroscopically distinctive, all species have bright yellow apothecia with several apothecial cups held on short branches at the tip of a long stipe. The genus is widely distributed across the Southern Hemisphere; the four new species described here include two from Chile (B.magellanicussp. nov., B.osornoensissp. nov.) and one each from New Zealand (B.moonlighticussp. nov.) and Australia (B.packhamiaesp. nov.). They differ from species referred to Chlorociboria, the only other genus in Chlorociboriaceae, in their terrestrial habitat and ascomata that are noticeably more hairy than the known Chlorociboria species, most of which have apothecia with short, macroscopically indistinct hair-like elements. Based on our analyses, Chlorociboria as accepted here is paraphyletic. Additional study is needed to clarify where alternative, monophyletic generic limits should be drawn and how these genera may be recognised morphologically. Also described here are three new Chlorociboria spp. from New Zealand (C.metrosiderisp. nov., C.solandrisp. nov., C.subtilissp. nov.), distinctive in developing on dead leaves rather than wood and in two of them not forming the green pigmentation characteristic of most Chlorociboria species. New Zealand specimens previously incorrectly identified as Chlorociboriaargentinensis are provided with a new name, C.novae-zelandiaesp. nov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, (Aotearoa) New Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland New Zealand
| | - Duckchul Park
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, (Aotearoa) New Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland New Zealand
| | - Matthew E Smith
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville FL 32611, USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America
| | - Alija B Mujic
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville FL 32611, USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hernández-Hernández T, Miller EC, Román-Palacios C, Wiens JJ. Speciation across the Tree of Life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1205-1242. [PMID: 33768723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well-known model systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) have explicitly compared speciation among major groups across the Tree of Life. Here, we synthesize and compare what is known about key aspects of speciation across taxa, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and major animal groups. We focus on three main questions. Is allopatric speciation predominant across groups? How common is ecological divergence of sister species (a requirement for ecological speciation), and on what niche axes do species diverge in each group? What are the reproductive isolating barriers in each group? Our review suggests the following patterns. (i) Based on our survey and projected species numbers, the most frequent speciation process across the Tree of Life may be co-speciation between endosymbiotic bacteria and their insect hosts. (ii) Allopatric speciation appears to be present in all major groups, and may be the most common mode in both animals and plants, based on non-overlapping ranges of sister species. (iii) Full sympatry of sister species is also widespread, and may be more common in fungi than allopatry. (iv) Full sympatry of sister species is more common in some marine animals than in terrestrial and freshwater ones. (v) Ecological divergence of sister species is widespread in all groups, including ~70% of surveyed species pairs of plants and insects. (vi) Major axes of ecological divergence involve species interactions (e.g. host-switching) and habitat divergence. (vii) Prezygotic isolation appears to be generally more widespread and important than postzygotic isolation. (viii) Rates of diversification (and presumably speciation) are strikingly different across groups, with the fastest rates in plants, and successively slower rates in animals, fungi, and protists, with the slowest rates in prokaryotes. Overall, our study represents an initial step towards understanding general patterns in speciation across all organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A.,Catedrática CONACYT asignada a LANGEBIO-UGA Cinvestav, Libramiento Norte Carretera León Km 9.6, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth C Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - Cristian Román-Palacios
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nelsen MP. Sharing and double-dating in the lichen world. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1751-1754. [PMID: 33720470 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Historic and modern efforts to understand lichen diversity and evolution have overwhelmingly concentrated on that of the fungal partner, which represents one of the most taxonomically diverse nutritional modes among the Fungi. But what about the algal and cyanobacterial symbionts? An explosion of studies on these cryptic symbionts over the past 20+ years has facilitated a richer understanding of their diversity, patterns of association, and the symbiosis itself. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Dal Forno et al. (2021) provide new insight into one of the most fascinating lichen symbioses. By sequencing cyanobacterial symbionts from over 650 specimens, they reveal the presence of overlooked cyanobacterial diversity, evidence for symbiont sharing among distantly related fungi, and utilize a comparative dating framework to demonstrate temporal discordance among interacting fungal and cyanobacterial lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Nelsen
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center and Grainger Bioinformatics Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sweet AD, Wilson RE, Sonsthagen SA, Johnson KP. Lousy grouse: Comparing evolutionary patterns in Alaska galliform lice to understand host evolution and host-parasite interactions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8379-8393. [PMID: 32788987 PMCID: PMC7417246 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding both sides of host-parasite relationships can provide more complete insights into host and parasite biology in natural systems. For example, phylogenetic and population genetic comparisons between a group of hosts and their closely associated parasites can reveal patterns of host dispersal, interspecies interactions, and population structure that might not be evident from host data alone. These comparisons are also useful for understanding factors that drive host-parasite coevolutionary patterns (e.g., codivergence or host switching) over different periods of time. However, few studies have compared the evolutionary histories between multiple groups of parasites from the same group of hosts at a regional geographic scale. Here, we used genomic data to compare phylogenomic and population genomic patterns of Alaska ptarmigan and grouse species (Aves: Tetraoninae) and two genera of their associated feather lice: Lagopoecus and Goniodes. We used whole-genome sequencing to obtain hundreds of genes and thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the lice and double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequences to obtain SNPs from Alaska populations of two species of ptarmigan. We found that both genera of lice have some codivergence with their galliform hosts, but these relationships are primarily characterized by host switching and phylogenetic incongruence. Population structure was also uncorrelated between the hosts and lice. These patterns suggest that grouse, and ptarmigan in particular, share habitats and have likely had historical and ongoing dispersal within Alaska. However, the two genera of lice also have sufficient dissimilarities in the relationships with their hosts to suggest there are other factors, such as differences in louse dispersal ability, that shape the evolutionary patterns with their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | | | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignILUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kraisitudomsook N, Healy R, Pfister D, Truong C, Nouhra E, Kuhar F, Mujic A, Trappe J, Smith M. Resurrecting the genus Geomorium: Systematic study of fungi in the genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya ( Pezizales) with the description of three new South American species. PERSOONIA 2020; 44:98-112. [PMID: 33116337 PMCID: PMC7567970 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic analyses have addressed the systematic position of several major Northern Hemisphere lineages of Pezizales but the taxa of the Southern Hemisphere remain understudied. This study focuses on the molecular systematics and taxonomy of Southern Hemisphere species currently treated in the genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya. Species in these genera have been identified as the monophyletic /gymnohydnotrya lineage, but no further research has been conducted to determine the evolutionary origin of this lineage or its relationship with other Pezizales lineages. Here, we present a phylogenetic study of fungal species previously described in Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya, with sampling of all but one described species. We revise the taxonomy of this lineage and describe three new species from the Patagonian region of South America. Our results show that none of these Southern Hemisphere species are closely related to Underwoodia columnaris, the type species of the genus Underwoodia. Accordingly, we recognize the genus Geomorium described by Spegazzini in 1922 for G. fuegianum. We propose the new family, Geomoriaceae fam. nov., to accommodate this phylogenetically and morphologically unique Southern Hemisphere lineage. Molecular dating estimated that Geomoriaceae started to diverge from its sister clade Tuberaceae c. 112 MYA, with a crown age for the family in the late Cretaceous (c. 67 MYA). This scenario fits well with a Gondwanan origin of the family before the split of Australia and South America from Antarctica during the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (c. 50 MYA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kraisitudomsook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R.A. Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - D.H. Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. Truong
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E. Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - F. Kuhar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - A.B. Mujic
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University at Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - J.M. Trappe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M.E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75 (2019). FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
Strategies to manage plant disease-from use of resistant varieties to crop rotation, elimination of reservoirs, landscape planning, surveillance, quarantine, risk modeling, and anticipation of disease emergences-all rely on knowledge of pathogen host range. However, awareness of the multitude of factors that influence the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these factors, and the diversity of any given pathogen makes it increasingly challenging to define simple, all-purpose rules to circumscribe the host range of a pathogen. For bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses, we illustrate that host range is often an overlapping continuum-more so than the separation of discrete pathotypes-and that host jumps are common. By setting the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions into the scales of contemporary land use and Earth history, we propose a framework to assess the frontiers of host range for practical applications and research on pathogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Moury
- Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140, Montfavet, France;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernández-López J, Telleria MT, Dueñas M, Wilson AW, Padamsee M, Buchanan PK, Mueller GM, Martín MP. Addressing the diversity of Xylodon raduloides complex through integrative taxonomy. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 32355610 PMCID: PMC7184894 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the taxonomic diversity of the Xylodon raduloides species complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is examined. Specimens were studied using an integrative taxonomic approach that includes molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, and environmental niche comparisons. Four different species were found inside the Xylodon raduloides complex, with a biogeographic distribution pattern bound by geographic regions: Europe, North America, Patagonia, and Australia-New Zealand. Molecular, morphological, and environmental evidences delimit two lineages within this complex: a Northern Hemisphere clade with longer basidiospores and wider ranges in temperature and precipitation tolerance, and a Southern Hemisphere clade with smaller and more spherical basidiospores, and an isothermal and more humid climate preference. The integrative taxonomic approach used in this study demonstrates congruence between data sets and shows how morphological and environmental characteristics contribute to the differentiation of fungal species complexes. By combining various sources of taxonomic information, three new species are described: Xylodon laurentianus, X. novozelandicus, and X. patagonicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-López
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Telleria
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Dueñas
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew W. Wilson
- Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi, Denver Botanic Gardens, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | | | | | - Gregory M. Mueller
- Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
| | - María P. Martín
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Elliott TF, Elliott K. Vertebrate consumption and dispersal of the Nothofagaceae associated ascomycete Cyttaria. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd F. Elliott
- Ecosystem Management; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Kelsey Elliott
- Integrative Studies Department; Warren Wilson College; Asheville North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Riess K, Schön ME, Ziegler R, Lutz M, Shivas RG, Piątek M, Garnica S. The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Wang XH, Halling RE, Hofstetter V, Lebel T, Buyck B. Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic re-assessment of Multifurca (Russulaceae, Russulales) using three-locus data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205840. [PMID: 30403698 PMCID: PMC6221288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifurca is a small genus newly established to accommodate lactarioid and russuloid species with some characters reminiscent of corticoid members of Russulaceae. It shows an amphi-pacific distribution with strong preference for the tropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere and thus has particular significance for biogeographical study. Using worldwide samples and three loci (ITS, 28S rDNA and rpb2), we demonstrated that Multifurca is split into two highly supported major clades that are here recognized at the subgeneric level: subg. Furcata subg. nov. exclusively includes lactarioid species, while subg. Multifurca includes species with a russuloid habit. Using phylogenetic species recognition and comparison of genetic distances we recognize five new and six previously described species, almost double the known number of species before this study. Molecular dating using a Bayesian method suggested that Multifurca originated in early Paleocene and diversified in the Eocene. The most recent interspecific divergences occurred both in Asia and America, roughly at the same time around the Pliocene. Ancestral area reconstruction and comparisons of genetic distances and morphology suggested an early divergence within Australasia or tropical Asia. From the early Miocene to Pliocene, multiple dispersals/migrations to Australasia and North America by island hopping or land bridge likely happened. Vicariance at the late Tertiary might be the most likely mechanism accounting for the eastern Asia-southeastern North America and Australasia-tropical Asia disjunct distributions. The shared polymorphisms in the ITS alignment, numerous degenerated base pairs in the rpb2 sequences and weak conflict between the ITS and LSU genealogies of M. subg. Furcata suggest recent speciation. Host specificity of Multifurca species or species pairs is relatively low. Host shifts are believed to have aided establishment in new territories during the dispersals and migrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Roy E. Halling
- New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Valérie Hofstetter
- Agroscope, Plant Protection, Mycology and Biotechnology Lab, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Lebel
- National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bart Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Ecologie, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national D’histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sweet AD, Bush SE, Gustafsson DR, Allen JM, DiBlasi E, Skeen HR, Weckstein JD, Johnson KP. Host and parasite morphology influence congruence between host and parasite phylogenies. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:641-648. [PMID: 29577890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies often show varying degrees of phylogenetic congruence. However, few studies have rigorously explored the factors driving this variation. Multiple factors such as host or parasite morphology may govern the degree of phylogenetic congruence. An ideal analysis for understanding the factors correlated with congruence would focus on a diverse host-parasite system for increased variation and statistical power. In this study, we focused on the Brueelia-complex, a diverse and widespread group of feather lice that primarily parasitise songbirds. We generated a molecular phylogeny of the lice and compared this tree with a phylogeny of their avian hosts. We also tested for the contribution of each host-parasite association to the overall congruence. The two trees overall were significantly congruent, but the contribution of individual associations to this congruence varied. To understand this variation, we developed a novel approach to test whether host, parasite or biogeographic factors were statistically associated with patterns of congruence. Both host plumage dimorphism and parasite ecomorphology were associated with patterns of congruence, whereas host body size, other plumage traits and biogeography were not. Our results lay the framework for future studies to further elucidate how these factors influence the process of host-parasite coevolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Sarah E Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie M Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Emily DiBlasi
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Heather R Skeen
- Field Museum of Natural History, Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; The University of Chicago, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA; Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental biological process, operating at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Despite an increasing understanding of fungal biodiversity, most research on fungal dispersal focuses on only a small fraction of species. Thus, any discussion of the dispersal dynamics of fungi as a whole is problematic. While abundant morphological and biogeographic data are available for hundreds of species, researchers have yet to integrate this information into a unifying paradigm of fungal dispersal, especially in the context of long-distance dispersal (LDD). Fungal LDD is mediated by multiple vectors, including meteorological phenomena (e.g., wind and precipitation), plants (e.g., seeds and senesced leaves), animals (e.g., fur, feathers, and gut microbiomes), and in many cases humans. In addition, fungal LDD is shaped by both physical constraints on travel and the ability of spores to survive harsh environments. Finally, fungal LDD is commonly measured in different ways, including by direct capture of spores, genetic comparisons of disconnected populations, and statistical modeling and simulations of dispersal data. To unify perspectives on fungal LDD, we propose a synthetic three-part definition that includes (i) an identification of the source population and a measure of the concentration of source inoculum and (ii) a measured and/or modeled dispersal kernel. With this information, LDD is defined as (iii) the distance found within the dispersal kernel beyond which only 1% of spores travel.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sweet AD, Boyd BM, Allen JM, Villa SM, Valim MP, Rivera-Parra JL, Wilson RE, Johnson KP. Integrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avian lice provides a more complete picture of parasite evolution. Evolution 2017; 72:95-112. [PMID: 29094340 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parasite diversity accounts for most of the biodiversity on earth, and is shaped by many processes (e.g., cospeciation, host switching). To identify the effects of the processes that shape parasite diversity, it is ideal to incorporate both deep (phylogenetic) and shallow (population) perspectives. To this end, we developed a novel workflow to obtain phylogenetic and population genetic data from whole genome sequences of body lice parasitizing New World ground-doves. Phylogenies from these data showed consistent, highly resolved species-level relationships for the lice. By comparing the louse and ground-dove phylogenies, we found that over long-term evolutionary scales their phylogenies were largely congruent. Many louse lineages (both species and populations) also demonstrated high host-specificity, suggesting ground-dove divergence is a primary driver of their parasites' diversity. However, the few louse taxa that are generalists are structured according to biogeography at the population level. This suggests dispersal among sympatric hosts has some effect on body louse diversity, but over deeper time scales the parasites eventually sort according to host species. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple factors explain the patterns of diversity in this group of parasites, and that the effects of these factors can vary over different evolutionary scales. The integrative approach we employed was crucial for uncovering these patterns, and should be broadly applicable to other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Bret M Boyd
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Julie M Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Scott M Villa
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Michel P Valim
- Biotério da Universidade Iguaçu, Av. Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, RJ 26275, Brazil
| | - Jose L Rivera-Parra
- Departamento de Petroleos, Facultad de Geologia y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Robert E Wilson
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ekanayaka AH, Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Hongsanan S, Jayasiri SC, Zhao Q. DISCOMYCETES: the apothecial representatives of the phylum Ascomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-017-0389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Truong C, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Kuhar F, Kaplan Z, Smith ME. The Gondwanan connection - Southern temperate Amanita lineages and the description of the first sequestrate species from the Americas. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:638-651. [PMID: 28705393 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amanita is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We describe Amanita nouhrae sp. nov., a new hypogeous ('truffle-like') species associated with Nothofagus antarctica in northern Patagonia. This constitutes the first report of a sequestrate Amanita from the Americas. Thick-walled basidiospores ornamented on the interior spore wall ('crassospores') were observed consistently in A. nouhrae and its sister epigeous taxon Amanita morenoi, a rarely collected but apparently common species from northern Patagonia that has sometimes been misidentified as the Australian taxon Amanita umbrinella. Nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial 16S and 26S DNA placed these two species in a southern temperate clade within subgenus Amanita, together with other South American and Australian species. Based on a dated genus-level phylogeny, we estimate that the southern temperate clade may have originated near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (ca. 35 Ma ± 10 Ma). This date suggests a broadly distributed ancestor in the Southern Hemisphere, which probably diversified as a result of continental drift, as well as the initiation of the Antarctic glaciation. By comparison, we show that this clade follows an exceptional biogeographic pattern within a genus otherwise seemingly dominated by Northern Hemisphere dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
| | - Santiago Sánchez-Ramírez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Francisco Kuhar
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CONICET), Ruta 259, Km 4, Esquel 9200, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Zachary Kaplan
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh G, Dal Grande F, Divakar PK, Otte J, Crespo A, Schmitt I. Fungal-algal association patterns in lichen symbiosis linked to macroclimate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:317-329. [PMID: 27918622 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both macroclimate and evolutionary events may influence symbiont association and diversity patterns. Here we assess how climatic factors and evolutionary events shape fungal-algal association patterns in the widely distributed lichen-forming fungal genus Protoparmelia. Multilocus phylogenies of fungal and algal partners were generated using 174 specimens. Coalescent-based species delimitation analysis suggested that 23 fungal hosts are associating with 20 algal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to infer how fungal-algal association patterns varied with climate. Fungi associated with one to three algal partners whereas algae accepted one to five fungal partners. Both fungi and algae were more specific, associating with fewer partners, in the warmer climates. Interaction with more than one partner was more frequent in cooler climates for both the partners. Cophylogenetic analyses suggest congruent fungal-algal phylogenies. Host switch was a more common event in warm climates, whereas failure of the photobiont to diverge with its fungal host was more frequent in cooler climates. We conclude that both environmental factors and evolutionary events drive fungal and algal evolution in Protoparmelia. The processes leading to phylogenetic congruence of fungi and algae are different in different macrohabitats in our study system. Hence, closely related species inhabiting diverse habitats may follow different evolutionary pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pradeep K Divakar
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana Crespo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Evidence for cryptic speciation in directly transmitted gyrodactylid parasites of Trinidadian guppies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117096. [PMID: 25574955 PMCID: PMC4289073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic species complexes are common among parasites, which tend to have large populations and are subject to rapid evolution. Such complexes may arise through host-parasite co-evolution and/or host switching. For parasites that reproduce directly on their host, there might be increased opportunities for sympatric speciation, either by exploiting different hosts or different micro-habitats within the same host. The genus Gyrodactylus is a specious group of viviparous monogeneans. These ectoparasites transfer between teleosts during social contact and cause significant host mortality. Their impact on the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an iconic evolutionary and ecological model species, is well established and yet the population genetics and phylogenetics of these parasites remains understudied. Using mtDNA sequencing of the host and its parasites, we provide evidence of cryptic speciation in Gyrodactylus bullatarudis, G. poeciliae and G. turnbulli. For the COII gene, genetic divergence of lineages within each parasite species ranged between 5.7 and 17.2%, which is typical of the divergence observed between described species in this genus. Different lineages of G. turnbulli and G. poeciliae appear geographically isolated, which could imply allopatric speciation. In addition, for G. poeciliae, co-evolution with a different host species cannot be discarded due to its host range. This parasite was originally described on P. caucana, but for the first time here it is also recorded on the guppy. The two cryptic lineages of G. bullatarudis showed considerable geographic overlap. G. bullatarudis has a known wide host range and it can also utilize a killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) as a temporary host. This killifish is capable of migrating overland and it could act as a transmission vector between otherwise isolated populations. Additional genetic markers are needed to confirm the presence of these cryptic Gyrodactylus species complexes, potentially leading to more in-depth genetic, ecological and evolutionary analyses on this multi-host-parasite system.
Collapse
|
26
|
Millanes AM, Truong C, Westberg M, Diederich P, Wedin M. Host switching promotes diversity in host-specialized mycoparasitic fungi: uncoupled evolution in the Biatoropsis-usnea system. Evolution 2014; 68:1576-93. [PMID: 24495034 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungal mycoparasitism-fungi parasitizing other fungi-is a common lifestyle in some basal lineages of the basidiomycetes, particularly within the Tremellales. Relatively nonaggressive mycoparasitic fungi of this group are in general highly host specific, suggesting cospeciation as a plausible speciation mode in these associations. Species delimitation in the Tremellales is often challenging because morphological characters are scant. Host specificity is therefore a great aid to discriminate between species but appropriate species delimitation methods that account for actual diversity are needed to identify both specialist and generalist taxa and avoid inflating or underestimating diversity. We use the Biatoropsis-Usnea system to study factors inducing parasite diversification. We employ morphological, ecological, and molecular data-methods including genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) and the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model-to assess the diversity of fungi currently assigned to Biatoropsis usnearum. The degree of cospeciation in this association is assessed with two cophylogeny analysis tools (ParaFit and Jane 4.0). Biatoropsis constitutes a species complex formed by at least seven different independent lineages and host switching is a prominent force driving speciation, particularly in host specialists. Combining ITS and nLSU is recommended as barcode system in tremellalean fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Millanes
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, E-28933 Móstoles, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Vienne DM, Refrégier G, López-Villavicencio M, Tellier A, Hood ME, Giraud T. Cospeciation vs host-shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:347-385. [PMID: 23437795 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hosts and their symbionts are involved in intimate physiological and ecological interactions. The impact of these interactions on the evolution of each partner depends on the time-scale considered. Short-term dynamics - 'coevolution' in the narrow sense - has been reviewed elsewhere. We focus here on the long-term evolutionary dynamics of cospeciation and speciation following host shifts. Whether hosts and their symbionts speciate in parallel, by cospeciation, or through host shifts, is a key issue in host-symbiont evolution. In this review, we first outline approaches to compare divergence between pairwise associated groups of species, their advantages and pitfalls. We then consider recent insights into the long-term evolution of host-parasite and host-mutualist associations by critically reviewing the literature. We show that convincing cases of cospeciation are rare (7%) and that cophylogenetic methods overestimate the occurrence of such events. Finally, we examine the relationships between short-term coevolutionary dynamics and long-term patterns of diversification in host-symbiont associations. We review theoretical and experimental studies showing that short-term dynamics can foster parasite specialization, but that these events can occur following host shifts and do not necessarily involve cospeciation. Overall, there is now substantial evidence to suggest that coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites do not favor long-term cospeciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M de Vienne
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Refrégier
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR8621, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - M López-Villavicencio
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Tellier
- Section of Population Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M E Hood
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - T Giraud
- Université Paris-Sud, Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR8079, 91405, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Skrede I, Engh IB, Binder M, Carlsen T, Kauserud H, Bendiksby M. Evolutionary history of Serpulaceae (Basidiomycota): molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and evidence for a single transition of nutritional mode. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:230. [PMID: 21816066 PMCID: PMC3199774 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal genus Serpula (Serpulaceae, Boletales) comprises several saprotrophic (brown rot) taxa, including the aggressive house-infecting dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Recent phylogenetic analyses have indicated that the ectomycorrhiza forming genera Austropaxillus and Gymnopaxillus cluster within Serpula. In this study we use DNA sequence data to investigate phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography of, and nutritional mode transitions in Serpulaceae. RESULTS Our results corroborate that the two ectomycorrhiza-forming genera, Austropaxillus and Gymnopaxillus, form a monophyletic group nested within the saprotrophic genus Serpula, and that the Serpula species S. lacrymans and S. himantioides constitute the sister group to the Austropaxillus-Gymnopaxillus clade. We found that both vicariance (Beringian) and long distance dispersal events are needed to explain the phylogeny and current distributions of taxa within Serpulaceae. Our results also show that the transition from brown rot to mycorrhiza has happened only once in a monophyletic Serpulaceae, probably between 50 and 22 million years before present. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the growing understanding that the same geographical barriers that limit plant- and animal dispersal also limit the spread of fungi, as a combination of vicariance and long distance dispersal events are needed to explain the present patterns of distribution in Serpulaceae. Our results verify the transition from brown rot to ECM within Serpulaceae between 50 and 22 MyBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Skrede
- Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingeborg B Engh
- Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manfred Binder
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
| | - Tor Carlsen
- Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mika Bendiksby
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Peterson KR, Pfister DH. Phylogeny of Cyttaria inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence and morphological data. Mycologia 2010; 102:1398-416. [PMID: 20943539 DOI: 10.3852/10-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyttaria species (Leotiomycetes, Cyttariales) are obligate, biotrophic associates of Nothofagus (Hamamelididae, Nothofagaceae), the southern beech. As such Cyttaria species are restricted to the southern hemisphere, inhabiting southern South America (Argentina and Chile) and southeastern Australasia (southeastern Australia including Tasmania, and New Zealand). The relationship of Cyttaria to other Leotiomycetes and the relationships among species of Cyttaria were investigated with newly generated sequences of partial nucSSU, nucLSU and mitSSU rRNA, as well as TEF1 sequence data and morphological data. Results found Cyttaria to be defined as a strongly supported clade. There is evidence for a close relationship between Cyttaria and these members of the Helotiales: Cordierites, certain Encoelia spp., Ionomidotis and to a lesser extent Chlorociboria. Order Cyttariales is supported by molecular data, as well as by the unique endostromatic apothecia, lack of chitin and highly specific habit of Cyttaria species. Twelve Cyttaria species are hypothesized, including all 11 currently accepted species plus an undescribed species that accommodates specimens known in New Zealand by the misapplied name C. gunnii, as revealed by molecular data. Thus the name C. gunnii sensu stricto is reserved for specimens occurring on N. cunninghamii in Australia, including Tasmania. Morphological data now support the continued recognition of C. septentrionalis as a species separate from C. gunnii. Three major clades are identified within Cyttaria: one in South America hosted by subgenus Nothofagus, another in South America hosted by subgenera Nothofagus and Lophozonia, and a third in South America and Australasia hosted by subgenus Lophozonia, thus producing a non-monophyletic grade of South American species and a monophyletic clade of Australasian species, including monophyletic Australian and New Zealand clades. Cyttaria species do not sort into clades according to their associations with subgenera Lophozonia and Nothofagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R Peterson
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|