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Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050420. [PMID: 34063115 PMCID: PMC8148173 DOI: 10.3390/life11050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.
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Caiafa MV, Sandoval-Leiva P, Matheny PB, Calle A, Smith ME. Four new species of sequestrate Inocybe from Chilean Nothofagaceae forests. Mycologia 2021; 113:629-642. [PMID: 33651667 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1859324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sequestrate fungi have enclosed hypogeous, subhypogeous, or epigeous basidiomes and have lost the ability to actively discharge their spores. They can be distinguished as gasteroid (basidiome fully enclosed with a loculated hymenophore) or secotioid (basidiome with some agaricoid or pileate-stipitate features, but the lamellae are misshapen and unexposed or mostly unexposed at maturity). There are only four reports of sequestrate taxa within the ectomycorrhizal family Inocybaceae, three from Australia and one from western North America. Recent field work in Nothofagaceae forests in the Chilean coastal range revealed novel sequestrate forms of Inocybe. We examined specimens using a combination of morphological and molecular data from nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and portions of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and the gene encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Here, we describe four new sequestrate Inocybe species, I. ranunculiformis, I. anfractuosa, I. illariae, and I. nahuelbutensis. Results of our phylogenetic analysis resolved the four new species as distinct species-level clades with strong support, suggesting that these fungi have convergently evolved sequestrate forms independently. The species described here were all placed along with members of the "smooth-spored temperate austral clade," which includes almost exclusively Australasian and South American species of Inocybe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V Caiafa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110680, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | | | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | | | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110680, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Vidal J, Alvarado P, Loizides M, Konstantinidis G, Chachuła P, Mleczko P, Moreno G, Vizzini A, Krakhmalnyi M, Paz A, Cabero J, Kaounas V, Slavova M, Moreno-Arroyo B, Llistosella J. A phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of sequestrate Russulaceae in Mediterranean and temperate Europe. PERSOONIA 2019; 42:127-185. [PMID: 31551617 PMCID: PMC6712534 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive morphological and genetic study of type material and new collections of sequestrate Russulales species formerly belonging to the genera Arcangeliella, Elasmomyces, Gymnomyces, Hydnangium, Hymenogaster, Macowanites, Martellia, Secotium and Zelleromyces is here undertaken, for the purpose of providing a complete taxonomical revision of sequestrate Russulaceae species in the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Europe. As a result, seven distinct taxa in the genus Lactarius and 18 in the genus Russula are identified. Six of them are new species: L. populicola, L. subgiennensis, R. bavarica, R. candidissima, R. hobartiae and R. mediterraneensis, and seven represent new combinations: L. josserandii (≡ Zelleromyces josserandii), L. soehneri (≡ Hydnangium soehneri), R. candida (≡ Hydnangium candidum), R. cerea (≡ Hydnangium cereum), R. messapica var. messapicoides (≡ Macowanites messapicoides), R. meridionalis (≡ Zelleromyces meridionalis) and R. neuhoffii (≡ Hydnangium neuhoffii). Twenty-two of the 25 taxa are illustrated, while descriptions, microscopy images, as well as extensive information on the ecology, chorology and phylogeny for all taxa are provided. A key is further included to facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Vidal
- C/ Massaballs 10, E-17118 Sant Sadurní de l’Heura, Girona, Spain
| | - P. Alvarado
- ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - P. Chachuła
- Pieniny National Park, Jagiellońska 107b, PL-34-450 Krościenko nad Dunajcem, Poland
| | - P. Mleczko
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - G. Moreno
- Dept. de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - A. Vizzini
- Dipt. de Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Krakhmalnyi
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - A. Paz
- C/ Vall Ter 791, Urbanització Llac del Cigne, E-17455 Caldes de Malavella, Girona, Spain
| | - J. Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6, E-49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - V. Kaounas
- Sokratous 40, TK-19016 Artemis Attika, Greece
| | | | - B. Moreno-Arroyo
- Dept. de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Córdoba, Colonia San José 4, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Llistosella
- Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Mycorrhizal Studies in Temperate Rainforests of Southern Chile. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in South America: Their Diversity in Past, Present and Future Research. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang XH, Halling RE, Hofstetter V, Lebel T, Buyck B. Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic re-assessment of Multifurca (Russulaceae, Russulales) using three-locus data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205840. [PMID: 30403698 PMCID: PMC6221288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifurca is a small genus newly established to accommodate lactarioid and russuloid species with some characters reminiscent of corticoid members of Russulaceae. It shows an amphi-pacific distribution with strong preference for the tropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere and thus has particular significance for biogeographical study. Using worldwide samples and three loci (ITS, 28S rDNA and rpb2), we demonstrated that Multifurca is split into two highly supported major clades that are here recognized at the subgeneric level: subg. Furcata subg. nov. exclusively includes lactarioid species, while subg. Multifurca includes species with a russuloid habit. Using phylogenetic species recognition and comparison of genetic distances we recognize five new and six previously described species, almost double the known number of species before this study. Molecular dating using a Bayesian method suggested that Multifurca originated in early Paleocene and diversified in the Eocene. The most recent interspecific divergences occurred both in Asia and America, roughly at the same time around the Pliocene. Ancestral area reconstruction and comparisons of genetic distances and morphology suggested an early divergence within Australasia or tropical Asia. From the early Miocene to Pliocene, multiple dispersals/migrations to Australasia and North America by island hopping or land bridge likely happened. Vicariance at the late Tertiary might be the most likely mechanism accounting for the eastern Asia-southeastern North America and Australasia-tropical Asia disjunct distributions. The shared polymorphisms in the ITS alignment, numerous degenerated base pairs in the rpb2 sequences and weak conflict between the ITS and LSU genealogies of M. subg. Furcata suggest recent speciation. Host specificity of Multifurca species or species pairs is relatively low. Host shifts are believed to have aided establishment in new territories during the dispersals and migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Roy E. Halling
- New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Valérie Hofstetter
- Agroscope, Plant Protection, Mycology and Biotechnology Lab, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Lebel
- National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bart Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Ecologie, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national D’histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Truong C, Mujic AB, Healy R, Kuhar F, Furci G, Torres D, Niskanen T, Sandoval-Leiva PA, Fernández N, Escobar JM, Moretto A, Palfner G, Pfister D, Nouhra E, Swenie R, Sánchez-García M, Matheny PB, Smith ME. How to know the fungi: combining field inventories and DNA-barcoding to document fungal diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:913-919. [PMID: 28272801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alija B Mujic
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rosanne Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Francisco Kuhar
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CONICET), Ruta 259, Km 4, Esquel, 9200, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Furci
- Fundación Fungi, José Zapiola 8240 E, La Reina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Torres
- Fundación Fungi, José Zapiola 8240 E, La Reina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tuula Niskanen
- The Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Natalia Fernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, IPATEC, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Julio M Escobar
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Alicia Moretto
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Onas 450, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Götz Palfner
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Donald Pfister
- Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de correo 495, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Rachel Swenie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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