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Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Fecka I. Methylglyoxal in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Routes Leading to Pathology Counterbalanced by Treatment Strategies. Molecules 2023; 28:7742. [PMID: 38067472 PMCID: PMC10708463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the major compound belonging to reactive carbonyl species (RCS) responsible for the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its upregulation, followed by deleterious effects at the cellular and systemic levels, is associated with metabolic disturbances (hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance/hyperlipidemia/inflammatory processes/carbonyl stress/oxidative stress/hypoxia). Therefore, it is implicated in a variety of disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, an interplay between pathways leading to MGO generation and scavenging is addressed in regard to this system's impairment in pathology. The issues associated with mechanistic MGO involvement in pathological processes, as well as the discussion on its possible causative role in cardiometabolic diseases, are enclosed. Finally, the main strategies aimed at MGO and its AGEs downregulation with respect to cardiometabolic disorders treatment are addressed. Potential glycation inhibitors and MGO scavengers are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Relationships between advanced glycation end products (AGEs), vasoactive substances, and vascular function. J Smooth Muscle Res 2022; 57:94-107. [PMID: 35095032 PMCID: PMC8795595 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.57.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are major cell types that control vascular function, and hence dysfunction of these cells plays a key role in the development and progression of vasculopathies. Abnormal vascular responsiveness to vasoactive substances including vasoconstrictors and vasodilators has been observed in various arteries in diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney diseases, and atherosclerosis. Several substances derived from ECs tightly control vascular function, such as endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors, and it is known that abnormal vascular signaling of these endothelium-derived substances is often observed in various diseases. Derangement of signaling in VSMCs and altered function influence vascular reactivity to vasoactive substances and tone, which are important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormalities of vascular functions in pathological states is difficult because multiple substances interact in the development of these processes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of bioactive compounds, are thought to contribute to vascular dysfunction, which in turn cause the development of several diseases including diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that AGEs could affect these cells and modulate vascular function. This study is focused on the link between AGEs and functions of ECs and VSMCs, particularly the modulative effects of AGEs on vascular reactivities to vasoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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3
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Onorato D, Pucci M, Carpene G, Henry BM, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G. Protective Effects of Statins Administration in European and North American Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:392-399. [PMID: 33482680 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly throughout the world, becoming an overwhelming global health emergency. The array of injuries caused by this virus is broad and not limited to the respiratory system, but encompassing also extensive endothelial and systemic tissue damage. Since statins effectively improve endothelial function, these drugs may have beneficial effects in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this investigation aimed to provide an updated overview on the interplay between statins and COVID-19, with particular focus on their potentially protective role against progression toward severe or critical illness and death. A systematic electronic search was performed in Scopus and PubMed up to present time. Data on statins use and COVID-19 outcomes especially in studies performed in Europe and North America were extracted and pooled. A total of seven studies met our inclusion criteria, totaling 2,398 patients (1,075 taking statins, i.e., 44.8%). Overall, statin usage in Western patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was associated with nearly 40% lower odds of progressing toward severe illness or death (odds ratio: 0.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.99). After excluding studies in which statin therapy was started during hospital admission, the beneficial effect of these drugs was magnified (odds ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.64). In conclusion, although randomized trials would be necessary to confirm these preliminary findings, current evidence would support a favorable effect of statins as adjuvant therapy in patients with COVID-19. Irrespective of these considerations, suspension of statin therapy seems highly unadvisable in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Onorato
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mairi Pucci
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carpene
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
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4
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Zhao S, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Huang Y. Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Cyclooxygenases, and Prostanoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:784-799. [PMID: 32323554 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions through releasing both vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. The production and function of vasoconstricting factors are largely elevated in hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the major enzymes producing five different prostanoids that act as either contracting or relaxing substances. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the expressions and activities of COX isoforms are altered, resulting in changes in production of various prostanoids and thus affecting vascular tone. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids, thereby providing new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent Advances: Many new drugs targeting oxidative stress, COX-2, and prostanoids against common CVDs have been evaluated in recent years and they are summarized in this review. Critical Issues: Comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids in CVDs helps develop more effective measures against cardiovascular pathogenesis. Future Directions: Apart from minimizing the undesired effects of harmful prostanoids, future studies shall investigate the restoration of vasoprotective prostanoids as a means to combat CVDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 784-799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Sruthi CR, Raghu KG. Advanced glycation end products and their adverse effects: The role of autophagy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22710. [PMID: 33506967 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The critical roles played by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulation in diabetes and diabetic complications have gained intense recognition. AGEs interfere with the normal functioning of almost every organ with multiple actions like apoptosis, inflammation, protein dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, the development of a potential treatment strategy is yet to be established. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that maintains cellular homeostasis with the degradation and recycling systems. AGEs can activate autophagy signaling, which could be targeted as a therapeutic strategy against AGEs induced problems. In this review, we have provided an overview of the adverse effects of AGEs, and we put forth the notion that autophagy could be a promising targetable strategy against AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Sruthi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Niedzielski M, Broncel M, Gorzelak-Pabiś P, Woźniak E. New possible pharmacological targets for statins and ezetimibe. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110388. [PMID: 32559626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin therapy is the gold standard in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs provides an opportunity to define new therapeutic goals for pharmacotherapy in patients with atherosclerotic lesions. The present review indicates the existence of previously unknown therapeutic targets for statins, such as Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF-2), Cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and the microRNA regulating eNOS activity and synthesis; nuclear PXR receptor and EB transcription factor regulating Inflammasome NLRP3 activity; the Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), which inhibits the WNT signalling pathway; the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which regulates the cell cycle, and the ERK5-Nrf2 pathway, which reduces the level of harmful advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in VSMCs during diabetic vasculopathy. Importantly, our review includes a number of promising discoveries, specifically those related to the effects of miR-221, miR-222 and miR-27b on the structure, synthesis and activity of eNOS, such as microRNA-based therapies, which offer promise in future targeted therapies. In contrast to numerous experiments confirming the pleiotropic effect of statins, there is still insufficient evidence on the pleiotropic effect of ezetimibe, which goes beyond its basic inhibitory effect on intestinal cholesterol absorption. However, recent studies indicate that this effect is limited to inhibiting macrophage migration, decreasing VCAM-1 expression and reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species. Defining new therapeutic goals for pharmacotherapy in patients with atherosclerotic lesions and ensuring effective treatment of dyslipidemia and its associated cardiovascular complications requires a thorough understanding of both the mechanisms of action of these drugs and of atherosclerosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Niedzielski
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Woźniak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland.
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7
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Nabi R, Alvi SS, Khan RH, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Antiglycation study of HMG-R inhibitors and tocotrienol against glycated BSA and LDL: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:983-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Ghali MGZ, Srinivasan VM, Johnson J, Kan P, Britz G. Therapeutically Targeting Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Mediated Signaling Underlying the Pathogenesis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Related Vasospasm. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2289-2295. [PMID: 30037648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasospasm accounts for a large fraction of the morbidity and mortality burden in patients sustaining subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β levels rise following SAH and correlate with incidence and severity of vasospasm. METHODS The literature was reviewed for studies investigating the role of PDGF in the pathogenesis of SAH-related vasospasm and efficacy of pharmacological interventions targeting the PDGF pathway in ameliorating the same and improving clinical outcomes. RESULTS Release of blood under high pressure into the subarachnoid space activates the complement cascade, which results in release of PDGF. Abluminal contact of blood with cerebral vessels increases their contractile response to PDGF-β and thrombin, with the latter upregulating PDGF-β receptors and augmenting effects of PDGF-β. PDGF-β figures prominently in the early and late phases of post-SAH vasospasm. PDGF-β binding to the PDGF receptor-β results in receptor tyrosine kinase domain activation and consequent stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Rho-associated protein kinase, and extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2. Consequent increases in intracellular calcium and increased expression of genes mediating cellular growth and proliferation mediate PDGF-induced augmentation of vascular smooth muscle cell contractility, hypertrophy, and proliferation. CONCLUSION Treatments with statins, serine protease inhibitors, and small molecular pathway inhibitors have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in prevention of cerebral vasospasm, which is improved with earlier institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael George Zaki Ghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
| | | | - Jeremiah Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gavin Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060218. [PMID: 29844272 PMCID: PMC6024314 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with profound vascular remodeling, which accelerates the progression of cardiovascular disease. This remodeling is characterized by intimal hyperplasia, accelerated atherosclerosis, excessive vascular calcification, and vascular stiffness. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction has a key role in the remodeling process. Under uremic conditions, VSMCs can switch from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, and undergo abnormal proliferation, migration, senescence, apoptosis, and calcification. A growing body of data from experiments in vitro and animal models suggests that uremic toxins (such as inorganic phosphate, indoxyl sulfate and advanced-glycation end products) may directly impact the VSMCs’ physiological functions. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress—hallmarks of CKD—are also strong inducers of VSMC dysfunction. Here, we review current knowledge about the impact of uremic toxins on VSMC function in CKD, and the consequences for pathological vascular remodeling.
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10
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Hwang AR, Nam JO, Kang YJ. Fluvastatin inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting connective tissue growth factor. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29520172 PMCID: PMC5840078 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel fibrotic mediator, which is considered to mediate fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Statins have significant immunomodulatory effects and reduce vascular injury. We therefore examined whether fluvastatin has anti-fibrotic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidated its putative transduction signals. We show that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated CTGF mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner. AGE-induced CTGF expression was mediated via ERK1/2, JNK, and Egr-1 pathways, but not p38; consequently, cell proliferation and migration and ECM accumulation were regulated by CTGF signaling pathway. AGE-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation were blocked by fluvastatin. However, the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin was restored by administration of CTGF recombinant protein. AGE-induced VSMC proliferation was dependent on cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing G1/G0 phase. Fluvastatin repressed cell cycle regulatory genes cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and augmented cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21 in AGE-induced VSMCs. Taken together, fluvastatin suppressed AGE-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation by targeting CTGF signaling mechanism. These findings might be evidence for CTGF as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic vasculature complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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11
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Hwang AR, Han JH, Lim JH, Kang YJ, Woo CH. Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178278. [PMID: 28542559 PMCID: PMC5439952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are emerging as important mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidative effects of statins on AGEs. It has been reported that statins exert pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system due to decreases in AGE-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vascular inflammation. Thus, in the present study, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism by which statins decrease AGE-induced cell proliferation and VSMC migration. In cultured VSMCs, statins upregulated Nrf2-related antioxidant gene, NQO1 and HO-1, via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway. Inhibition of ERK5 by siRNA or BIX02189 (a specific ERK5 inhibitor) reduced the statin-induced upregulations of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. Furthermore, fluvastatin was found to significantly increase ARE promoter activity through ERK5 signaling, and to inhibit AGE-induced VSMC proliferation and migration as determined by MTT assay, cell counting, FACS analysis, a wound scratch assay, and a migration chamber assay. In addition, AGE-induced proliferation was diminished in the presence of Ad-CA-MEK5α encoding a constitutively active mutant form of MEK5α (an upstream kinase of ERK5), whereas depletion of Nrf2 restored statin-mediated reduction of AGE-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, fluvastatin suppressed the protein expressions of cyclin D1 and Cdk4, but induced p27, and blocked VSMC proliferation by regulating cell cycle. These results suggest statin-induced activation of an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway reduces VSMC proliferation and migration induced by AGEs, and that the ERK5-Nrf2 signal module be viewed as a potential therapeutic target of vasculopathy in patients with diabetes and complications of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
- Fluvastatin
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Guo J, Lu L, Hua Y, Huang K, Wang I, Huang L, Fu Q, Chen A, Chan P, Fan H, Liu ZM, Wang BH. Vasculopathy in the setting of cardiorenal syndrome: roles of protein-bound uremic toxins. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1-H13. [PMID: 28411233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00787.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often leads to and accelerates the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), while CVD also causes kidney dysfunction. This bidirectional interaction leads to the development of a complex syndrome known as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). CRS not only involves both the heart and the kidney but also the vascular system through a vast array of contributing factors. In addition to hemodynamic, neurohormonal, mechanical, and biochemical factors, nondialyzable protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are also key contributing factors that have been demonstrated through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical observations. PBUTs are ineffectively removed by hemodialysis because their complexes with albumins are larger than the pores of the dialysis membranes. PBUTs such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate are key determinate and predictive factors for the progression of CVD in CKD patients. In CRS, both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) exhibit significant dysfunction that is associated with the progression of CVD. PBUTs influence proliferation, calcification, senescence, migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress in VSMCs and ECs through various mechanisms. These pathological changes lead to arterial remodeling, stiffness, and atherosclerosis and thus reduce heart perfusion and impair left ventricular function, aggravating CRS. There is limited literature about the effect of PBUT on the vascular system and their contribution to CRS. This review summarizes current knowledge on how PBUTs influence vasculature, clarifies the relationship between uremic toxin-related vascular disease and CRS, and highlights the potential therapeutic strategies of uremic vasculopathy in the setting of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Guo
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Huang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Li Huang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bing Hui Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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Kumari M, Martande SS, Pradeep A, Naik SB. Efficacy of Subgingivally Delivered 1.2% Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1278-1285. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aftab MF, Afridi SK, Ghaffar S, Murtaza M, Khan M, Karim A, Khan KM, Waraich RS. A bis-Schiff base of isatin improves methylglyoxal mediated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Arch Pharm Res 2015:10.1007/s12272-015-0670-z. [PMID: 26519157 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive advanced glycation end products (AGEs) precursor and its abnormal accumulation causes damage to various tissues and organs. In our previous study, we synthesized a novel MGO inhibitor, MK-I-81, a bis-Schiff base derivative of isatin. In this study we demonstrate the mechanism of action of MK-I-81, on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. MK-I-81 reduced AGEs formation and restored proximal insulin signaling by modulating IRS-1 phosphorylation. MK-I-81 also alleviated MGO mediated diminished distal insulin signaling by increasing protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta phosphorylation. We also observed that MK-I-81 prevented reduced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis induced by MGO in muscle cells. We found that the mechanism of action by which MK-I-81 reduced insulin resistance was suppression of production of MGO mediated ROS production in C2C12 cells. We evaluated deactivation of PKC-α and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) after treatment of cells with MK-I-81. MK-I-81 also reduced MGO mediated IRS-1, PKC-α and RAGE interaction in muscle cells. MK-I-81 also promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 phosphorylation, heme oxygenase-1 and glyoxalase expression levels. We conclude that MK-I-81 can be a potential therapeutic target to address AGEs mediated insulin resistance. A novel Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) inhibitor, MK-I-81 (a bis Schiff base of isatin), restored AGEs mediated down regulation of insulin signaling via modulating key molecules of proximal and distal insulin signaling. MK-I-81 also increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscle cells. Novel bis-Schiff base of isatin showed significant antioxidant activity and also reduced receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression and PKC-alpha activation therefore; MK-I-81 reduces AGEs induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Fatima Aftab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Safina Ghaffar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Murtaza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Momin Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Karim
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sanaullah Waraich
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Di BB, Li HW, Li WP, Shen XH, Sun ZJ, Wu X. Pioglitazone inhibits high glucose-induced expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2601-7. [PMID: 25523934 PMCID: PMC4337739 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is critical in inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and atherosclerosis. The mechanism underlying the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on RAGE expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by high glucose concentrations remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect and mechanism of action of PIO on RAGE expression in SMCs was investigated following treatment with high glucose concentrations. Rat coronary artery SMCs were pretreated with PIO alone, PIO and GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor) or the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor), followed by treatment with high glucose. RAGE mRNA and protein expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF-κB nuclear translocation were investigated. Glucose induced RAGE expression in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal effect at a concentration of 25 mmol/l following treatment for 48 h. PIO, DPI and PDTC reduced high glucose-induced increases in RAGE protein and mRNA expression. PIO prominently downregulated RAGE expression and inhibited high glucose-induced increases in ROS production and NF-κB activation (P<0.05). Pretreatment with PIO and GW9662 did not exhibit this inhibitory effect. High glucose may stimulate RAGE expression in coronary artery SMCs through NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation and NF-κB activation. PIO downregulated RAGE expression and inhibited ROS production and NF-κB activation via PPARγ activation, which may prevent the inflammatory effect of AGE/RAGE system in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bing Di
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Grape Seed Procyanidin B2 Inhibits Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1692-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Neves D. Advanced glycation end-products: a common pathway in diabetes and age-related erectile dysfunction. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:49-69. [PMID: 23822116 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.821701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive derivatives of non-enzymatic glucose-protein condensation reactions integrate a heterogeneous group of irreversible adducts called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Numerous studies have investigated the role of the AGEs in cardiovascular system; however, its contribution to erectile dysfunction (ED) that is an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease has been less intensively investigated. This review summarizes the most recent advances concerning AGEs effects in the cavernous tissue of the penis and in ED onset, particularly on diabetes and aging, conditions that not only favor AGEs formation, but also increase risk of developing ED. The specific contribution of AGE on intra- and extracellular deposition of insoluble complexes, interference in activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, NO bioavailability, endothelial-dependent vasodilatation, as well as molecular pathways activated by receptor of AGEs are presented. Finally, the interventional actions that prevent AGEs formation, accumulation or activity in the cavernous tissue and that include nutritional pattern modulation, nutraceuticals, exercise, therapeutic strategies (statins, anti-diabetics, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-5, anti-hypertensive drugs) and inhibitors of AGEs formation and crosslink breakers, are discussed. From this review, we conclude that despite the experiments conducted in animal models pointing to the AGE/RAGE axis as a potential interventional target with respect to ED associated with diabetes and aging, the clinical data have been very disappointing and, until now, did not provide evidence of benefits of treatments directed to AGE inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neves
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine and IBMC of Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rizzo M, von Haehling S, Rysz J, Banach M. The influence of atorvastatin on parameters of inflammation left ventricular function, hospitalizations and mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy--5-year follow-up. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:47. [PMID: 23566246 PMCID: PMC3641983 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the influence of atorvastatin on selected indicators of an inflammatory condition, left ventricular function, hospitalizations and mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods We included 68 DCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% treated optimally in a prospective, randomized study. They were observed for 5 years. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who were commenced on atorvastatin 40 mg daily for two months followed by an individually matched dose of 10 or 20 mg/day (group A), and patients who were treated according to current recommendations without statin therapy (group B). Results After 5-year follow-up we assessed 45 patients of mean age 59 ± 11 years - 22 patients in group A (77% male) and 23 patients in group B (82% male). Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in the statin group than in group B (14.96 ± 4.76 vs. 19.02 ± 3.94 pg/ml, p = 0.012; 19.10 ± 6.39 vs. 27.53 ± 7.39 pg/ml, p = 0.001, and 5.28 ± 0.48 vs. 6.53 ± 0.46 mg/dl, p = 0.001, respectively). In patients on statin therapy a reduction of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration (from 1425.28 ± 1264.48 to 1098.01 ± 1483.86 pg/ml, p = 0.045), decrease in left ventricular diastolic (from 7.15 ± 0.90 to 6.67 ± 0.88 cm, p = 0.001) and systolic diameters (from 5.87 ± 0.92 to 5.17 ± 0.97, p = 0.001) in comparison to initial values were observed. We also showed the significant increase of LVEF in patients after statin therapy (from 32.0 ± 6.4 to 38.8 ± 8.8%, p = 0.016). Based on a comparison of curves using the log-rank test, the probability of survival to 5 years was significantly higher in patients receiving statins (p = 0.005). Conclusions Atorvastatin in a small dose significantly reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines and uric acid, improve hemodynamic parameters and improve 5-year survival in patients with DCM.
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20
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Piechota-Polanczyk A, Demyanets S, Nykonenko O, Huk I, Mittlboeck M, Domenig CM, Neumayer C, Wojta J, Nanobachvili J, Klinger M. Decreased tissue levels of cyclophilin A, a cyclosporine a target and phospho-ERK1/2 in simvastatin patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 45:682-8. [PMID: 23558220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophilin A (CyPA), a cyclosporine A-binding protein, influences abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in animal and in vitro studies. Statins decrease CyPA in smooth muscle cells although their influence on CyPA in human AAA is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on AAA wall-tissue samples obtained from 30 simvastatin-treated and 15 non-statin patients (2:1 case to control). The patients were matched by age, sex and AAA diameter. We investigated the gene expression of CyPA, its receptor extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) by real-time RT-PCR. CyPA and EMMPRIN protein level and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The AAA wall tissue from simvastatin-treated patients had significantly lower CyPA gene expression and protein levels (P = 0.0018, P = 0.0083, respectively). Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 was markedly suppressed in the simvastatin group (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0027, respectively). However, simvastatin did not influence EMMPRIN gene and protein expression. CONCLUSION Simvastatin-treated patients with AAA exert lower CyPA messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as CyPA intracellular protein levels and a decreased amount of phospho-ERK1/2. Thus, the interference with signalling pathways leading to CyPA formation and ERK1/2 activation reveals a new anti-inflammatory role of statins in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piechota-Polanczyk
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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21
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Soman S, Raju R, Sandhya VK, Advani J, Khan AA, Harsha HC, Prasad TSK, Sudhakaran PR, Pandey A, Adishesha PK. A multicellular signal transduction network of AGE/RAGE signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:19-23. [PMID: 23161412 PMCID: PMC3590362 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Soman
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Varot K. Sandhya
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - H. C. Harsha
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - P. R. Sudhakaran
- />Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, State Inter-University Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- />McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
- />Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
- />Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
- />Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Puneeth K. Adishesha
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
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Wu S, Yang Q, Liu Q, Song T, Zhou S, Liu Y, Liu L. Cariporide, a Specific Na+/H+Exchanger 1 Blocker, Inhibits Neointimal Proliferation Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products in a Balloon Injury Rat Model. Pharmacology 2013; 91:123-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000346128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Piechota-Polanczyk A, Goraca A, Demyanets S, Mittlboeck M, Domenig C, Neumayer C, Wojta J, Nanobachvili J, Huk I, Klinger M. Simvastatin Decreases Free Radicals Formation in the Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall via NF-κB. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:133-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jeong IK, Oh DH, Park SJ, Kang JH, Kim S, Lee MS, Kim MJ, Hwang YC, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, Chae MK, Yoo HJ. Inhibition of NF-κB prevents high glucose-induced proliferation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Mol Med 2012; 43:684-92. [PMID: 21975282 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies clearly showed that early intensive glucose control has a legacy effect for preventing diabetic macrovascular complications. However, the cellular and molecular processes by which high glucose leads to macrovascular complications are poorly understood. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction due to high glucose is a characteristic of diabetic vascular complications. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) may play a key role in the regulation of inflammation and proliferation of VSMCs. We examined whether VSMC proliferation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression induced by high glucose were mediated by NF-κB activation. Also, we determined whether selective inhibition of NF-κB would inhibit proliferation and PAI-1 expression in VSMCs. VSMCs of the aorta of male SD rats were treated with various concentrations of glucose (5.6, 11.1, 16.7, and 22.2 mM) with or without an inhibitor of NF-κB or expression of a recombinant adenovirus vector encoding an IκB-α mutant (Ad-IκBαM). VSMC proliferation was examined using an MTT assay. PAI-1 expression was assayed by real-time PCR and PAI-1 protein in the media was measured by ELISA. NF-κB activation was determined by immunohistochemical staining, NF-κB reporter assay, and immunoblotting. We found that glucose stimulated VSMC proliferation and PAI-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner up to 22.2 mM. High glucose (22.2 mM) alone induced an increase in NF-κB activity. Treatment with inhibitors of NF-κB such as MG132, PDTC or expression of Ad-IκB-αM in VSMCs prevented VSMC proliferation and PAI-1 expression induced by high glucose. In conclusion, inhibition of NF-κB activity prevented high glucose-induced VSMC proliferation and PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Kangdong, Korea.
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Peng CH, Chyau CC, Chan KC, Chan TH, Wang CJ, Huang CN. Hibiscus sabdariffa polyphenolic extract inhibits hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-oxidative stress while improving insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9901-9909. [PMID: 21870884 DOI: 10.1021/jf2022379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
H. sabdariffa polyphenolic extract (HPE) was demonstrated to inhibit high glucose-stimulated cellular changes. In this study, we analyzed the composition of HPE and used a type 2 diabetic rat model to test its protective effect. At least 18 phenolic compounds were found in HPE. Treatment with HPE reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg. HPE decreased serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and the ratio of low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL). Diabetes promoted plasma advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and lipid peroxidation, while HPE significantly reduced these elevations. Immunohistological observation revealed that HPE inhibited the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor of AGE (RAGE), which was increased in type 2 diabetic aortic regions. Furthermore, HPE recovered the weight loss found in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, we demonstrated the anti-insulin resistance properties of HPE and its effect on hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, and antioxidation. HPE has the potential to be an adjuvant for diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Huei Peng
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, and Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Number 34, Chung Chie Road, Shalu County, Taichung 433, Taiwan
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26
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Hannam S, Aronow WS, Rysz J, Banach M. Statins and dilated cardiomyopathy: do we have enough data? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:315-23. [PMID: 21210757 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.550570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Hypertension, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz 90-549, Poland
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- University College London Medical School, University College London, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Simon Hannam
- King's College London School of Medicine, Department of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- New York Medical College, Cardiology Division, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz 90-549, Poland ;
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27
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Zhu P, Yang C, Chen LH, Ren M, Lao GJ, Yan L. Impairment of human keratinocyte mobility and proliferation by advanced glycation end products-modified BSA. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 303:339-50. [PMID: 21132435 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The migration and proliferation of keratinocytes is critical to wound re-epithelialization and defects in this function are associated with the clinical phenomenon of chronic non-healing wounds. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occur through non-enzymatic glycation of long-lived proteins in diabetes and play important roles in diabetic complications. However, specific roles for AGEs in keratinocyte migration and proliferation, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, have not been fully established. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the interaction between AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) and keratinocytes. As a result, we found that AGE-BSA had no effect on the viability of keratinocytes for up to 48 h of incubation with 50 μg/ml of AGE-BSA. AGE-BSA (but not non-glycated BSA) exerted a concentration-dependent suppression of keratinocyte migration at a range of concentrations. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was significantly up-regulated in keratinocytes incubated with increasing AGE-BSA, but tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression was down-regulated. AGE-BSA also profoundly depressed phospho-focal adhesion kinase-Tyr397 (p-FAK) and α2β1 integrin expression, while total-FAK expression levels remained constant, in keratinocytes. The proliferative capacity of keratinocytes was diminished after 72 h AGE-BSA incubation. Taken together, these findings suggested that in the presence of AGE-BSA, keratinocytes lose their migratory and proliferation abilities. These data also indicated that, in the context of the chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes, the effects of AGE-BSA on keratinocyte migration might be mediated through MMP-9/TIMP-1, p-FAK and α2β1 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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