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Alachkar A, Phan A, Dabbous T, Alhassen S, Alhassen W, Reynolds B, Rubinstein M, Ferré S, Civelli O. Humanized dopamine D 4.7 receptor male mice display risk-taking behavior and deficits of social recognition and working memory in light/dark-dependent manner. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25299. [PMID: 38361407 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor 7-repeat allele (D4.7 R) has been linked with psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. However, the highly diverse study populations and often contradictory findings make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions. The D4.7 R has the potential to explain individual differences in behavior. However, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding whether it is causally connected to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, humanized D4.7 R mice, with the long third intracellular domain of the human D4.7 R, may provide a valuable tool to examine the relationship between the D4.7 R variant and specific behavioral phenotypes. We report that D4.7 R male mice carrying the humanized D4.7 R variant exhibit distinct behavioral features that are dependent on the light-dark cycle. The behavioral phenotype was characterized by a working memory deficit, delayed decision execution in the light phase, decreased stress and anxiety, and increased risk behavior in the dark phase. Further, D4.7 R mice displayed impaired social recognition memory in both the light and dark phases. These findings provide insight into the potential causal relationship between the human D4.7 R variant and specific behaviors and encourage further consideration of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) ligands as novel treatments for psychiatric disorders in which D4.7 R has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- UC Irvine Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Alvin Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Travis Dabbous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wedad Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bryan Reynolds
- Department of Drama, School of the Arts, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Li XJ, Yu JH, Wu X, Zhu XM, Lv P, Du Z, Lu Y, Wu X, Yao J. Ketamine enhances dopamine D1 receptor expression by modulating microRNAs in a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like mouse model. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107079. [PMID: 35202796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) may be associated with schizophrenia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate DRD1 expression. Here, we established a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior mouse model and investigated the changes in miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-16-1-3p, and DRD1 in response to ketamine. Administration of high-dose ketamine for seven consecutive days to mice simulated the main symptoms of schizophrenia. The mice exhibited increasing excitability and autonomous activity and reduced learning and memory, including spatial memory. Moreover, ketamine decreased miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, and miR-16-1-3p expression levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and miR-16-1-3p expression in the hippocampus, whereas DRD1 expression increased in these brain regions. In HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells, ketamine induced a dose-dependent increase of endogenous DRD1, which was partially attenuated by a combination of miR-15b-3p and miR-16-1-3p mimics. Indeed, the miR-15b-3p and miR-16-1-3p mimics could significantly inhibit endogenous DRD1expression. We identified +72 to +78 bp (TGCTGCT) of the DRD1 3'UTR as the core regulatory region recognized by the target miRNAs. In summary, we developed a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior mouse model and found that ketamine inhibited the levels of miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-16-1-3p and increased DRD1 expression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jin Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Juan-Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine Science and First Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Peng Lv
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Zhe Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, the Affiliated Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China.
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Magwai T, Shangase KB, Oginga FO, Chiliza B, Mpofana T, Xulu KR. DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:2890. [PMID: 34831111 PMCID: PMC8616184 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by dissociation of thoughts, idea, identity, and emotions. It has no central pathophysiological mechanism and precise diagnostic markers. Despite its high heritability, there are also environmental factors implicated in the development of schizophrenia. Epigenetic factors are thought to mediate the effects of environmental factors in the development of the disorder. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are a risk factor for schizophrenia. Targeted gene approach studies attempted to find candidate gene methylation, but the results are contradictory. Genome-wide methylation studies are insufficient in literature and the available data do not cover different populations like the African populations. The current genome-wide studies have limitations related to the sample and methods used. Studies are required to control for these limitations. Integration of DNA methylation, gene expression, and their effects are important in the understanding of the development of schizophrenia and search for biomarkers. There are currently no precise and functional biomarkers for the disorder. Several epigenetic markers have been reported to be common in functional and peripheral tissue. This makes the peripheral tissue epigenetic changes a surrogate of functional tissue, suggesting common epigenetic alteration can be used as biomarkers of schizophrenia in peripheral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Magwai
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4085, South Africa
| | - Khanyiso Bright Shangase
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Fredrick Otieno Oginga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Thabisile Mpofana
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Khethelo Richman Xulu
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
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Yang B, Niu W, Chen S, Xu F, Li X, Wu X, Cao Y, Zhang R, Yang F, Wang L, Li W, Xu Y, He L, He G. Association study of dopamine receptor genes polymorphisms with the risk of schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:361-364. [PMID: 27591410 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder often associated with dopamine-related genetic variations. Thus, we performed a case-control study in 1504 Han Chinese population to evaluate the association of DRD1, DRD2 and DRD3 polymorphisms with schizophrenia. No statistically significant difference in allelic or genotypic frequency was found between schizophrenia and control subjects. Strong positive linkage disequilibrium was detected among the SNPs within DRD1 and DRD2. However, no positive haplotype distribution was found to be associated with schizophrenia. Our results indicated that DRD1, DRD2 and DRD3 may not be the susceptibility genes for schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beimeng Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Wuxi Mental Health Center, 156 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi 214151, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Cheng J, Wang Y, Zhou K, Wang L, Li J, Zhuang Q, Xu X, Xu L, Zhang K, Dai D, Zheng R, Li G, Zhang A, Gao S, Duan S. Male-specific association between dopamine receptor D4 gene methylation and schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89128. [PMID: 24586542 PMCID: PMC3929639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of our study was to investigate whether DRD4 gene DNA methylation played an important role in the susceptibility of Han Chinese SCZ. Methods Using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology, DNA methylation levels of 6 CpG dinucleotides in DRD4 CpG island were measured among 30 paranoid SCZ patients, 30 undifferentiated SCZ patients, and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results Strong correlation was observed among the six CpG sites (r>0.5, P<0.01), thus average methylation levels were applied thereafter. Our results indicated that there was a significant association between DRD4 methylation and the risk of SCZ (P = 0.003), although there was no significant difference in DRD4 methylation between the two SCZ subtypes (P = 0.670). A breakdown analysis by gender showed that the significant association of DRD4 methylation and SCZ was driven by males (P<0.001) but not by females (P = 0.835). DRD4 methylation was significantly associated with p300 in male SCZ patients (r = −0.543, P = 0.005) but not in female SCZ patients (r = 0.110, P = 0.599). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed DRD4 methylation was able to predict the status of SCZ in males [area under curve (AUC) = 0.832, P = 0.002] but not in females (AUC = 0.483, P = 0.876). Finally, a further expression experiment showed that DRD4 methylation in the gene body was positively associated with gene expression, although the exact mechanism of gene regulation remained unknown for this interesting DRD4 methylation. Conclusion The gender disparity in the DRD4 DNA methylation provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Neurology Department of the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (SG); (SD)
| | - Kena Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Bank of Blood Products, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Neurology Department of the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Qidong Zhuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongjiong Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangxue Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (SG); (SD)
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (SG); (SD)
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Yao J, Ding M, Xing J, Xuan J, Pang H, Pan Y, Wang B. Genetic association between the dopamine D1-receptor gene and paranoid schizophrenia in a northern Han Chinese population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:645-52. [PMID: 24790447 PMCID: PMC4000248 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s61227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission at the D1 receptor in the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Genetic polymorphisms of the dopamine D1-receptor gene have a plausible role in modulating the risk of schizophrenia. To determine the role of DRD1 genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for schizophrenia, we undertook a case-control study to look for an association between the DRD1 gene and schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the DRD1 gene by deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing involving 173 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 213 unrelated healthy individuals. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the difference of genotype, allele, or haplotype distribution between cases and controls. RESULTS A significantly lower risk of paranoid schizophrenia was associated with the AG + GG genotype of rs5326 and the AG + GG genotype of rs4532 compared to the AA genotype and the AA genotype, respectively. Distribution of haplotypes was no different between controls and paranoid schizophrenia patients. In the males, the genotype distribution of rs5326 was statistically different between cases and controls. In the females, the genotype distribution of rs4532 was statistically different between cases and controls. However, the aforementioned statistical significances were lost after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that DRD1 accounts for a substantial proportion of the genetic risk for schizophrenia. As an important dopaminergic gene, DRD1 may contribute to schizophrenia by interacting with other genes, and further relevant studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ding
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xing
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Xuan
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojie Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Cho AR, Lee SM, Kang WS, Kim SK, Chung JH. Assessment between Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia in Korean Population. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 10:88-93. [PMID: 23429213 PMCID: PMC3569151 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2012.10.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) are associated with schizophrenia in Korean population. METHODS Four SNPs (rs4648317, rs7131056, rs4936270, and rs1076562) of DRD2 were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing in 197 schizophrenia patients and 370 control subjects. SNPAnalyzer, SNPStats, and Haploview version 4.2 programs were performed to analyze the genetic data. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive) were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values. For multiple testing, p values (p(c)) were re-evaluated by Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS The genotype frequency of DRD2 rs4936270 SNP was associated with the development of schizophrenia (p=0.0007, OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.16-2.52 in the codominant1 model; p=0.011, OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.12-2.37 in the dominant model; p=0.035, OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.95 in the log-additive model). The allele frequency of rs4936270 was also associated with the development of schizophrenia (p=0.024, OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.05-1.98). After Bonferroni's correction, the genotype distribution of rs4936270 was still related to the development of schizophrenia (p(c)=0.0028 in the codominant1 model; p(c)=0.044 in the dominant model). A linkage disequilibrium block consisted of rs4648317, rs7131056, and rs4936270. The CAT haplotype frequency was different between schizophrenia and controls (p=0.039). CONCLUSION These results suggest that DRD2 SNPs may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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A family-based association study of dopamine receptor D4 and mental retardation in Qinba region of China. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ptácek R, Kuzelová H, Stefano GB. Dopamine D4 receptor gene DRD4 and its association with psychiatric disorders. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:RA215-20. [PMID: 21873960 PMCID: PMC3560519 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors control neural signals that modulates behavior. Dopamine plays an important role in normal attention; that is the reason for studying the genes of the dopaminergic system, mainly in connection with disorders of attention. DRD4 influences the postsynaptic action of dopamine and is implicated in many neurological processes, exhibits polymorphism and is one of the most studied genes in connection with psychiatric disorders. Associations were found with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), substance dependences, several specific personality traits, and reaction to stress. These findings have implications for pharmacogenetics. This article reviews the principle published associations of DRD4 variants with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Ptácek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhu F, Yan CX, Wang Q, Zhu YS, Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhang HB, Gao CG, Li SB. An association study between dopamine D1 receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia. Brain Res 2011; 1420:106-13. [PMID: 21955727 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in dopamine transmission at D1 receptors in the PFC are implicated in schizophrenia. Genetic polymorphisms in functional regions of DRD1 have a plausible role in modulating the risk of schizophrenia. In order to evaluate the role of DRD1 polymorphisms as a risk factor for schizophrenia, we performed a detailed analysis of possible functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory and coding regions of DRD1. Nine SNPs were identified by DNA sequencing in 20 patients with schizophrenia. Then 385 cases and 350 healthy control subjects were genotyped using the nine SNPs (rs4867798, rs686, rs1799914, rs4532 rs5326, rs265981, rs10078714, rs10063995, rs10078866). Statistically significant differences were observed in the allelic or genotypic frequencies of the rs686 and rs10063995 polymorphism in the DRD1 gene. A significantly lower risk of schizophrenia was associated with the G allele and AG+GG genotype of rs686 (OR (G allele)=0.632, 95%CI (G allele): 0.470-0.849; OR (AG+GG genotype)=0.578, 95%CI (AG+GG genotype): 0.416-0.803) compared with the A allele and AA genotype, respectively. And a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia was associated with the T allele of rs10063995 (OR=1.446, 95%CI: 1.125-1.859) compared with the G allele. The haplotype analysis indicated the G-T variant containing the T allele of rs10063995 is a risk for schizophrenia (P=0.005, OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.123-1.917). These data suggest that DRD1 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to schizophrenia, and also support the notion that dysfunction of DRD1 is involved in the pathophysiological process of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Forensic Department, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
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