Association investigation of BACH2 rs3757247 and SOD2 rs4880 polymorphisms with the type 1 diabetes and diabetes long-term complications risk in the Polish population

Polymorphic variations and mRNA expression of the genes encoding interleukins as well as enzymes of oxidative and nitrative stresses as a potential risk of nephrolithiasis development

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases worldwide with an unclear aetiology. However, a growing body of evidence suggests the potential role of molecular disturbances of the inflammation as well as oxidative and nitrative stresses, in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Therefore, we aimed to detect the potential association between six selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of nephrolithiasis. Moreover, we verified the association of urolithiasis development and mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, SOD2, and NOS2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Total genomic DNA and mRNA were isolated from the peripheral blood of 112 patients with urolithiasis and 114 healthy subjects. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1800797 and rs2069845 in IL-6, rs2227307 in IL-8, rs4880 in SOD2, rs2297518 and rs2779249 in NOS2. In turn, the evaluation of mRNA expression was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. We found that the C/T genotype of the c.47 T>C-SOD2 SNP increased the frequency of urolithiasis occurrence whereas the T/T homozygote of the same polymorphism decreased the risk of urolithiasis development in the Polish population. Moreover, our study confirmed that patients with urolithiasis were characterised by decreased IL-6, IL-8, and SOD2 mRNA expression levels compared to the controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that polymorphic variants and changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL8, SOD2, and NOS2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of urolithiasis.

Variation of genes encoding nitric oxide synthases and antioxidant enzymes as potential risks of multiple sclerosis development: a preliminary study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a variable clinical course and diverse pathophysiology, including nitrative and oxidative stresses as well as inflammation. We aimed to detect the potential association between five selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding nitric oxide synthetases as well as antioxidant enzymes and the development of MS in a Polish population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood collected from 142 MS patients and 140 controls. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1879417 in NOS1, and rs2297518 in NOS2 as well as rs4880 in SOD2, rs7943316 in CAT, rs713041 in GPX4. In the case of rs2297518, the C/C genotype and C allele SNP were associated with an enhanced occurrence of MS, while the C/T, T/T genotypes, and T allele of the same polymorphism reduced this risk. Moreover, the C/C homozygote and C allele of the rs4880 SNP reduced MS risk, while the T allele increased the risk. In addition, the A/T heterozygote of rs7943316 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of MS occurrence. We also detected that the C/C genotype and C allele of rs713041 decreased the risk of MS, whereas the T/T genotype and T allele increased this risk. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest some links between polymorphic variability in the nitrative/oxidative stress-related genes and the risk of MS development in the Polish population.

Polymorphism in BACH2 gene is a marker of polyglandular autoimmunity

PURPOSE

Genetically predisposed individuals may develop several autoimmune diseases-autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). APS types 2-4, are complex disorders, which combine various organ-specific autoimmune conditions. Recent reports support the considerable role of the BACH2 gene in immune cell differentiation and shifting the T-cell balance towards regulatory T-cells. BACH2 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune disorders, including Addison's disease (AD), Graves' disease (GD), and probably type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our study was aimed to investigate the BACH2 variant, rs3757247, in endocrine autoimmunity in the Polish population.

METHODS

The analysis comprised 346 individuals with APS, 387 with T1D only, and 568 controls. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan chemistry.

RESULTS

APS type 2 was found in 219 individuals, type 3 in 102, and type 4 in 25 subjects. Overall, AD was diagnosed in 244 subjects, Hashimoto's thyroiditis-in 238, T1D-in 127, GD-in 58, vitiligo and chronic gastritis each in 40 patients, celiac disease-in 28, premature menopause in 18, and alopecia in 4 patients. Minor T allele at rs3757247 was found in 56.4% APS vs. 44.1% control alleles (OR 1.59; 95%CI: 1.30-1.95, p < 0.0001). The distribution of genotypes revealed excess TT homozygotes in the APS cohort (33.2 vs. 20.1% in controls, p < 0.0001). The frequencies of rs3757247 alleles and genotypes in T1D patients did not present significant differences vs. controls (p-values > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

These results provide evidence of the association between BACH2 polymorphism and polyglandular autoimmunity. Since carriers of rs3757247 display increased risk for additional autoimmune conditions, this variant could identify individuals prone to develop APS.

The rs11755527 polymorphism in the BACH2 gene and type 1 diabetes mellitus: case control study in a Brazilian population

Objective Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2) gene encodes a transcription factor that acts on the differentiation and formation of B and T lymphocytes. BACH2 is also involved in the suppression of apoptosis and inflammation in pancreatic beta-cells, indicating a role for it in the development of T1DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the BACH2 rs11755527 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with T1DM. Subjects and methods This case-control study comprised 475 patients with T1DM and 598 nondiabetic individuals. The BACH2 rs11755527 (C/G) SNP was genotyped using real-time PCR with TaqMan MGB probes. Results Genotype distributions of rs11755527 SNP were in accordance with frequencies predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in case and control groups and were similar between groups (P = 0.729). The minor allele frequency was 43.6% in cases and 42.5% in controls (P = 0.604). Moreover, the G allele frequency did not differ between groups when considering different inheritance models and adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and HLA DR/DQ genotypes of high-risk for T1DM. Although, well-known high-risk T1DM HLA DR/DQ genotypes were associated with T1DM in our population [OR= 7.42 (95% CI 3.34 - 17.0)], this association was not influenced by the rs11755527 SNP. Conclusion The BACH2 rs11755527 SNP seems not to be associated with T1DM in a Brazilian population.

Association of insulin-like growth factor I gene polymorphisms with the risk of osteoporosis in a Chinese population

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic and serious skeletal disease commonly observed among the elderly. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are critical regulators for bone cell function. We estimated the role of IGF-I rs35767, rs2288377 and rs5742612 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to osteoporosis in a population of China, and assessed gene-environment interactions. A total of 346 patients with osteoporosis and 346 controls were enrolled. Genotyping of IGF-I rs35767, rs2288377 and rs5742612 was amplified and performed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The TA and AA genotypes displayed elevated risk of developing osteoporosis (TA vs TT: OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.11-2.15; AA vs TT: OR=3.65, 95% CI=2.09-6.37). Compared with TT individuals, individuals with the TA+AA genotype had a substantial increased susceptibility to osteoporosis (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.31-2.46). In recessive model, the AA genotype of rs2288377 displayed 2.89 folds risk of osteoporosis (adjusted OR=2.89, 95% CI=1.70-4.89). A significant negative interaction was found between IGF-I rs2288377 and BMD levels for femoral neck (r=-0.14, P<0.001), total hip (r=-0.09, P<0.001) and trochanter (r=-0.13, P<0.001). In conclusion, we suggest that IGF-I rs2288377 polymorphism had a strong influence on osteoporosis susceptibility in this Chinese population.