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Vaishnavi Nalla S, Jayapradha P, Lalruatmawii, Nandheeswari K, Naxine P, Vigneshwaran G, Rohilla G, Dubey I, Kushwaha S. Irisin as an emerging target in the regulation of reproductive functions in health and disease. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114529. [PMID: 38643847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are highly conserved in the gonads, nurtured to either develop into a gamete or self-renew into a stem cell reserve. Preserving the germ cell pool and protecting the reproductive organs is essential for maintaining an individual's fertility. Several factors, including a sedentary lifestyle, pollutants, hormonal disruption, drugs, and a disease condition, have been shown to impair normal reproductive function. Irisin has recently been identified as an adipomyokine involved in modulating physiological functions based on the body's metabolic status. It is being studied for its role in various functions, including fertility. Findings show the localization of irisin in various parts of the reproductive axis, with the highest levels observed during puberty and pregnancy. This raises questions about its role and function in reproduction. Studies support irisin's role in protecting against disease-induced reproductive abnormalities and infertility. Therefore, the current review focuses on how irisin influences spermatogenesis and ovarian follicular development and plays a significant role in indirectly preserving the germ cell pool by protecting the gonads against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Vaishnavi Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - P Jayapradha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Lalruatmawii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - K Nandheeswari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Pratik Naxine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - G Vigneshwaran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Gaurav Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Itishree Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India.
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Polloni L, Costa TR, Morais LP, Borges BC, Teixeira SC, de Melo Fernandes TA, Correia LIV, Bastos LM, Amorim FG, Quinton L, Soares AM, Silva MJB, Ferro EAV, Lopes DS, de Melo Rodrigues Ávila V. Oxidative stress induced by Pollonein-LAAO, a new L-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops moojeni venom, prompts prostate tumor spheroid cell death and impairs the cellular invasion process in vitro. Cell Signal 2023:110785. [PMID: 37364850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells produce abnormal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to promote their malignant phenotype. In this framework, we hypothesized that the change in ROS concentration above threshold could impair key events of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) progression. Our results demonstrated that Pollonein-LAAO, a new L-amino acid oxidase obtained from Bothrops moojeni venom, was cytotoxic to PC-3 cells in two-dimensional and in tumor spheroid assays. Pollonein-LAAO was able to increase the intracellular ROS generation that culminates in cell death from apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways due to the up-regulation of TP53, BAX, BAD, TNFRSF10B and CASP8. Additionally, Pollonein-LAAO reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and caused G0/G1 phase to delay, due to the up-regulation of CDKN1A and the down-regulation of the expression of CDK2 and E2F. Interestingly, Pollonein-LAAO inhibited critical steps of the cellular invasion process (migration, invasion and adhesion), due to the down-regulation of SNAI1, VIM, MMP2, ITGA2, ITGAV and ITGB3. Furthermore, the Pollonein-LAAO effects were associated with the intracellular ROS production, since the presence of catalase restored the invasiveness of PC-3 cells. In this sense, this study contributes to the potential use of Pollonein-LAAO as ROS-based agent to enhance the current understanding of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Polloni
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorena Pinheiro Morais
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cristina Borges
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Loïc Quinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rondônia, Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), and National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon (INCT-EPIAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Frantzi M, Culig Z, Heidegger I, Mokou M, Latosinska A, Roesch MC, Merseburger AS, Makridakis M, Vlahou A, Blanca-Pedregosa A, Carrasco-Valiente J, Mischak H, Gomez-Gomez E. Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarkers to Detect Prostate Cancer: A Multicentric Study Based on Non-Invasive Urine Collection without Prior Digital Rectal Examination. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041166. [PMID: 36831508 PMCID: PMC9954607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Wide application of prostate specific antigen test has historically led to over-treatment, starting from excessive biopsies. Risk calculators based on molecular and clinical variables can be of value to determine the risk of PCa and as such, reduce unnecessary and invasive biopsies. Urinary molecular studies have been mostly focusing on sampling after initial intervention (digital rectal examination and/or prostate massage). (2) Methods: Building on previous proteomics studies, in this manuscript, we aimed at developing a biomarker model for PCa detection based on urine sampling without prior intervention. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry was applied to acquire proteomics profiles from 970 patients from two different clinical centers. (3) Results: A case-control comparison was performed in a training set of 413 patients and 181 significant peptides were subsequently combined by a support vector machine algorithm. Independent validation was initially performed in 272 negative for PCa and 138 biopsy-confirmed PCa, resulting in an AUC of 0.81, outperforming current standards, while a second validation phase included 147 PCa patients. (4) Conclusions: This multi-dimensional biomarker model holds promise to improve the current diagnosis of PCa, by guiding invasive biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-5547-4429
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Experimental Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marika Mokou
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Latosinska
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie C. Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel S. Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Blanca-Pedregosa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Department of Urology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Department of Urology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Harald Mischak
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Enrique Gomez-Gomez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Department of Urology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Sonicated Extract from the Aril of Momordica Cochinchinensis Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Cells. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:1149856. [PMID: 36605288 PMCID: PMC9810401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1149856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica cochinchinensis or gac fruit has been reported to have several biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, the effect on cancer cell metastasis has not been extensively studied. With this aim, the extract from the aril part was selected and investigated for prostate cancer cell migration. The aril extracts were prepared as boiled extract, sonicated extract, ethanol extract, and HAE (hexane:acetone:ethanol; 2 : 1 : 1) extract, while the prostate cancer cell models were PC-3 and LNCaP cells. An MTT assay was performed to compare the antiproliferative effect between prostate cancer cells and normal Vero cells. As a result, the sonicated extract had the highest efficiency in PC-3 cells, with IC50 values of 2 mg/mL and 0.59 mg/mL for 48 and 72 h, respectively, while it had less of an effect in LNCaP cells and was not toxic to normal cells. Cell damage was further confirmed using LDH and cell cycle analysis. As a result, the sonicated extract did not cause cell damage or death and only inhibited cell proliferation. The effect on cancer metastasis was further examined by wound healing, transwell migration assays, and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the sonicated extract inhibited PC-3 cell migration and decreased MMP-9 but increased TIMP-1 expression. All these results support that gac fruit is a valuable source for further development as an anticancer agent for prostate cancer patients.
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Shrestha A, Lahooti B, Mikelis CM, Mattheolabakis G. Chlorotoxin and Lung Cancer: A Targeting Perspective for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122613. [PMID: 36559106 PMCID: PMC9786857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the generational evolution of nano-based drug delivery carriers, active targeting has been a major milestone for improved and selective drug accumulation in tissues and cell types beyond the existing passive targeting capabilities. Among the various active targeting moieties, chlorotoxin, a peptide extracted from scorpions, demonstrated promising tumor cell accumulation and selection. With lung cancer being among the leading diagnoses of cancer-related deaths in both men and women, novel therapeutic methodologies utilizing nanotechnology for drug delivery emerged. Given chlorotoxin's promising biological activity, we explore its potential against lung cancer and its utilization for active targeting against this cancer's tumor cells. Our analysis indicates that despite the extensive chlorotoxin's research against glioblastoma, lung cancer research with the molecule has been limited, despite some promising early results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
- Correspondence:
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Anderson AR, Cook GA. Recombinant expression, purification, and structural analysis of two ectodomains of Syndecan-1. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 201:106170. [PMID: 36179942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is an integral membrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan that is involved in inflammatory response, cell-signaling, cell proliferation, and numerous other cell-matrix interactions. Like the other members of the syndecan family, very little is known about structural conformations and dynamics of SDC-1. A majority of interactions occur through the extracellular ectodomain, therefore we have dedicated our research efforts to the study this specific portion of SDC-1. The ectodomain is often shed from the cell surface due to various stimuli. The released fragment has already been used as a useful biomarker for prognosis of some diseases and cancers. SDC-1 can be cleaved in different locations depending on the sheddase, generating soluble shed ectodomains that can be carried away in blood sera. In this study, we focus specifically on two main cleavage fragments that can be generated. We show the first successful expression and purification of recombinant SDC-1 ectodomains. Production of SDC-1 in E. coli allows the production of the core protein without risking heterogeneous post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, allowing a certain level of control over protein homogeneity that is not possible in mammalian expression. An expression vector was used to generate two different fusion proteins consisting of a His-tag and a TEV cleavage site for the removal of the fusion partner. SDS-PAGE was used to track the expression as well as the purification. Masses of the isolated proteins were determined using mass spectrometry and the purity and homogeneity were evaluated by solution NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Gabriel A Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Amrousy Y, Haffez H, Abdou D, Atya H. Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSD3B1 gene (rs6203 and rs33937873) in the prediction of prostate cancer risk. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:271. [PMID: 35795973 PMCID: PMC9309536 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1) is shown to affect dihydrotestosterone level in prostatic tissue which is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PC). The present study aimed to determine whether rs33937873 (G313A) and rs6203 (C338T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in HSD3B1 gene was a potential risk factor for PC susceptibility and can predict the recurrence of PC in Egyptian patients. A total of 186 Egyptian patients were selected with incident primary PC and compared with 180 age healthy controls. The frequencies and the main effect of rs33937873 and rs6203 in HSD3B1 were compared and investigated between the patients and control using genotyping technique and statistical analysis. The mutant GA genotype of G313A in rs33937873 SNP was considered as an independent risk for PC in the multivariate regression analysis [odds ratio (OR)=2.7, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.2-5.5, P=0.01] together with positive history of hypertension (HTN) (OR=6.2, 95% CI: 3.2-12.1, P=0.0001) and begin prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; OR=8.9, 95% CI: 4.5-17.5, P=0.0001). Conversely, in rs6203 (C338T), C allele is considered as major risk allele in the development of PC (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4, P=0.0003). The univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that CC genotype of rs6203 was a PC risk factor (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.9, P=0.002). In addition, the frequency of the A-C haplotype established by rs33937873-rs6203 was also significantly higher for PC (P=0.013). The predication of PC recurrence was associated only with positive family history (OR=7.7, 95% CI: 2.3-25.9, P=0.001) and not for The G313A and C338T SNPs. These results suggested that the two HSD3B1 polymorphisms rs33937873 and rs6203 may modify the risk of PC, particularly among patients with HTN and history of BPH, suggesting them as prominent future markers for prediction of PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Amrousy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdou
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Atya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Ibrutinib in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081338. [PMID: 35456016 PMCID: PMC9032968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is considered crucial in the activation and survival of both physiological and malignant B-cells. In recent years, ibrutinib, an oral BTK inhibitor, became a breakthrough therapy for hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic. However, ibrutinib’s feasibility might not end there. Several other kinases with established involvement with solid malignancies (i.e., EGFR, HER2) have been found to be inhibited by this agent. Recent discoveries indicate that BTK is a potential anti-solid tumor therapy target. Consequently, ibrutinib, a BTK-inhibitor, has been studied as a therapeutic option in solid malignancies. While most preclinical studies indicate ibrutinib to be an effective therapeutic option in some specific indications, such as NSCLC and breast cancer, clinical trials contradict these observations. Nevertheless, while ibrutinib failed as a monotherapy, it might become an interesting part of a multidrug regime: not only has a synergism between ibrutinib and other compounds, such as trametinib or dactolisib, been observed in vitro, but this BTK inhibitor has also been established as a radio- and chemosensitizer. This review aims to describe the milestones in translating BTK inhibitors to solid tumors in order to understand the future potential of this agent better.
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Buskin A, Singh P, Lorenz O, Robson C, Strand DW, Heer R. A Review of Prostate Organogenesis and a Role for iPSC-Derived Prostate Organoids to Study Prostate Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313097. [PMID: 34884905 PMCID: PMC8658468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is vulnerable to two major age-associated diseases, cancer and benign enlargement, which account for significant morbidity and mortality for men across the globe. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer reported in men, with over 1.2 million new cases diagnosed and 350,000 deaths recorded annually worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterised by the continuous enlargement of the adult prostate, symptomatically afflicts around 50% of men worldwide. A better understanding of the biological processes underpinning these diseases is needed to generate new treatment approaches. Developmental studies of the prostate have shed some light on the processes essential for prostate organogenesis, with many of these up- or downregulated genes expressions also observed in prostate cancer and/or BPH progression. These insights into human disease have been inferred through comparative biological studies relying primarily on rodent models. However, directly observing mechanisms of human prostate development has been more challenging due to limitations in accessing human foetal material. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a suitable alternative as they can mimic embryonic cells, and iPSC-derived prostate organoids present a significant opportunity to study early human prostate developmental processes. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate development and its relevance to prostate-associated diseases. Additionally, we detail the potential of iPSC-derived prostate organoids for studying human prostate development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Parmveer Singh
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Oliver Lorenz
- Newcastle University School of Computing, Digital Institute, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK;
| | - Craig Robson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
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Falegan OS, Jarvi K, Vogel HJ, Hyndman ME. Seminal plasma metabolomics reveals lysine and serine dysregulation as unique features distinguishing between prostate cancer tumors of Gleason grades 6 and 7. Prostate 2021; 81:713-720. [PMID: 34097313 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a metabolic disease. Most men are diagnosed with low grade indolent disease and differentiating these men from those who have life threatening cancer is a challenging but important clinical dilemma. There are currently limited biomarkers that can distinguish between the indolent Gleason grade 6 and higher-grade disease. Moreover, some individuals initially diagnosed with low grade disease progress to higher grade disease. Currently prostate biopsies are the only reliable methods of stratifying risk, but biopsies can cause significant morbidity, sample only a small portion of the gland and are costly. Therefore, biomarkers distinguishing between indolent and aggressive patterns of PCa are urgently required to minimize biopsy-associated morbidity, prevent over-treatment of indolent PCa and to better stratify patients for appropriate treatment. METHODS Seminal fluid samples were collected from normal individuals (n = 13) Before infertility treatment and histologically confirmed PCa patients (n = 51). 1 H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis were used to compare the populations. RESULTS Alterations in amino acids levels, specifically lysine and serine and changes in glycolytic intermediates were the most significant metabolic features associated with differences between healthy controls and PCa and between Gleason grade 6 (GS6) and Gleason grade 7 (GS7) samples. Orthogonal partial least square plots discriminated healthy controls from PCa samples (R 2 = 0.54, Q 2 = 0.31; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.96), and GS6 from GS7 samples (R 2 = 0.62, Q 2 = 0.49; AUC = 0.98) based on lysine and serine content. CONCLUSION This study suggests that seminal plasma metabolomics profiling of seminal fluid is a promising means of differentiating indolent from aggressive disease. Particularly, lysine and serine levels may be able to differentiate GS6 from GS7 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemi S Falegan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Jarvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Eric Hyndman
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center, Rockyview Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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sFLT01 modulates invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer DU145 cells by inhibition of VEGF/GRP78/MMP2&9 axis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:30. [PMID: 34011277 PMCID: PMC8135984 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background About 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis of cancer cells, and angiogenesis is a critical step in this process. sFLT01 is a novel fusion protein and a dual-targeting agent that neutralizes both VEGF and PlGF proangiogenic activities. GRP78 dual effect in tumor growth and angiogenesis could be activated under VEGF stimulation. The current study was designed to investigate the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 protein on VEGF/GRP78 axis. To this point, sFLT01 construct was synthesized, recombinant plasmid was expressed in eukaryotic host cells, sFLT01-HisTag protein was extracted and analyzed. The functional activity of sFLT01 on VEGF-enhanced tube formation and angiogenesis of HUVEC cells were examined. Eventually, the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 on growth, invasiveness, and migration of human prostate cancer cell line, DU145, was assessed. Real-time PCR evaluated the level of GRP78 and its effect on the downstream factors; matrix metallopeptidase proteins 2&9 (MMP2&9) along with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase proteins1&2 (TIMP1&2) under sFLT01 stimulation. Results According to the data, sFLT01 protein showed modulatory impact on proliferation, invasion, and migration of DU145 cells along with the potential of HUVECs angiogenesis. Real-Time PCR analysis depicted a significant downregulation in GRP78, MMP2 and MMP9 transcripts’ levels, and a subsequent elevation of TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression under sFLT01 stimulation was detected. Conclusion Overall, these data indicated that the inhibitory impact of sFLT01 on cancer cells growth and invasiveness could be mediated through the modulation of VEGF/GRP78/MMP2&9 axis and activation of TIMPs.
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12
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Waller V, Pruschy M. Combined Radiochemotherapy: Metalloproteinases Revisited. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676583. [PMID: 34055644 PMCID: PMC8155607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides cytotoxic DNA damage irradiation of tumor cells triggers multiple intra- and intercellular signaling processes, that are part of a multilayered, treatment-induced stress response at the unicellular and tumor pathophysiological level. These processes are intertwined with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to the toxic effects of ionizing radiation and thereby co-determine the tumor response to radiotherapy. Proteolysis of structural elements and bioactive signaling moieties represents a major class of posttranslational modifications regulating intra- and intercellular communication. Plasma membrane-located and secreted metalloproteinases comprise a family of metal-, usually zinc-, dependent endopeptidases and sheddases with a broad variety of substrates including components of the extracellular matrix, cyto- and chemokines, growth and pro-angiogenic factors. Thereby, metalloproteinases play an important role in matrix remodeling and auto- and paracrine intercellular communication regulating tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, tumor cell dissemination, and subsequently the response to cancer treatment. While metalloproteinases have long been identified as promising target structures for anti-cancer agents, previous pharmaceutical approaches mostly failed due to unwanted side effects related to the structural similarities among the multiple family members. Nevertheless, targeting of metalloproteinases still represents an interesting rationale alone and in combination with other treatment modalities. Here, we will give an overview on the role of metalloproteinases in the irradiated tumor microenvironment and discuss the therapeutic potential of using more specific metalloproteinase inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Waller
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Zhao Q, Hai B, Kelly J, Wu S, Liu F. Extracellular vesicle mimics made from iPS cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 33413659 PMCID: PMC7792192 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their mimics from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising drug carriers to improve cancer treatment, but their application is hindered by donor variations and expansion limitations of conventional tissue-derived MSCs. To circumvent these issues, we made EV-mimicking nanovesicles from standardized MSCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a theoretically limitless expandability, and examined the targeting capacity of these nanovesicles to prostate cancer. METHODS Nanovesicles are made from intact iPSC-MSCs through serial extrusion. The selective uptake of fluorescently labeled nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells was examined with flow cytometry. For in vivo tracing, nanovesicles were labeled with fluorescent dye DiR or renilla luciferase. In mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, the biodistribution of systemically infused nanovesicles was examined with in vivo and ex vivo imaging of DiR and luminescent signals. A chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel, was loaded into nanovesicles during extrusion. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel on docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer cells and non-tumor cells were examined in comparison with free docetaxel. Therapeutic effects of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel were examined in mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic prostate cancer by monitoring tumor growth in comparison with free docetaxel. RESULTS iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are more selectively taken up by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells in vitro compared with EVs, membrane-only EV-mimetic nanoghosts and liposomes, which is not affected by storage for up to 6 weeks. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, systemically infused nanovesicles accumulate in tumor regions with significantly higher selectivity than liposomes. The loading of docetaxel into nanovesicles was efficient and did not affect the selective uptake of nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel are significantly stronger on docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells and weaker on non-tumor cells than free docetaxel. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic prostate cancer, nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel significantly decreased the tumor growth and toxicity to white blood cells compared with free docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that EV-mimicking iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are promising to improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bo Hai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jack Kelly
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Prajapati A, Chauhan G, Shah H, Gupta S. Oncogenic transformation of human benign prostate hyperplasia with chronic cadmium exposure. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126633. [PMID: 32818862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally, it has been proved that cadmium served as an effective carcinogen and able to induce tumors in rodents in a dose-specific manner. However, systemic evaluation of cadmium exposure for the transformation of prostatic hyperplasia into prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. In the present study, an attempt has been made to establish cadmium-induced human prostate carcinogenesis using an in vitro model of BPH cells. Wide range of cadmium concentrations, i.e., 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM and 1μM, were chronically exposed to the human BPH cells for transformation into PCa and monitored using cell and molecular biology approaches. After eight weeks of exposure, the cells showed subtle morphological changes and shifts of cell cycle in the G2M phase. Significant increase in expression of prostatic genes AR, PSA, ER-β, and 5αR with increased nuclear localization of AR and pluripotency markers Cmyc, Klf4 indicated the carcinogenic effect of Cd. Further, the BPH cells exposed to Cd showed a substantial increase in the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, influencing migratory potential of the cells along with decreased expression of the p63 protein which further strengthen the progression towards carcinogenesis and aggressive tumor studies. Data from the present study state that Cd exhibited marked invasiveness in BPH cells. These observations established a connecting link of BPH towards PCa pathogenesis. Further, the study will also help in investigating the intricate pathways involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara, 391750, India.
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Harsh Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Sarita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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Kiani A, Kamankesh M, Vaisi-Raygani A, Moradi MR, Tanhapour M, Rahimi Z, Elahi-Rad S, Bahrehmand F, Aliyari M, Aghaz F, Mozafari H, Rezvani N, Haghnazari L, Pourmotabbed T. Activities and polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, smoking, diabetes and risk of prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9373-9383. [PMID: 33165815 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc dependent enzymes that are involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The role of MMP-2 and -9 genetic polymorphism in different malignancies has been the subject of numerous studies. The present research has attempted to discover any positive correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-9 SNPs and prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with a history of either diabetes or smoking habits. 112 PCa-patients and 150 unrelated healthy-controls that matched for age and sex were selected for present case-control study. MMP-2 -1575G/A and MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphisms detected by PCR-RFLP, serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free-prostate-specific-antigen (fPSA), and fPSA/PSA levels were detected by ELISA and enzyme assay, respectively. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured by gelatin-zymography. Covariates were considered as age, status of cigarette smoking, and a possible history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The frequency of -1575 MMP-2 A/A + A/G and -1562 MMP-9 C/T + T/T genotypes were higher in PCa-patients with DM (74.3%,p = 0.003) and with smoking habits (72.5%,p = 0.005). These genotypes were associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer in smokers (3.52-folds) and in individuals with history of DM (4.34-folds). A significant positive association was found between level of TIMPs (TIMP -1 and TIMP-2) and BMI in PCa-patients and also between testosterone levels and MMP-9 activity in healthy control subjects. For the first time, this study demonstrated that activities of MMP-2 -1575G/A and MMP-9 -1562C/T variants in association with smoking and diabetes are considered significant risk factors for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marjan Kamankesh
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Moradi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Elahi-Rad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Aliyari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faranak Aghaz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Mozafari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Lida Haghnazari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 48163, USA.
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16
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Dzaparidze G, Anion E, Laan M, Minajeva A. The decline of FANCM immunohistochemical expression in prostate cancer stroma correlates with the grade group. Pathol Int 2020; 70:542-550. [PMID: 32462745 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) stromal markers have recently gained attention as complementary diagnostic tools. The DNA reparation complex protein FANCM has been shown to express in the normal prostate stroma and FANCM gene alterations to be associated with PCa susceptibility; this has led to the hypothesis that an insufficient level of FANCM expression may provide additional information for the evaluation of PCa. The study cohort comprised 60 radical prostatectomy specimens. The controls involved 11 autopsies (CTRL) and non-cancerous tissue (NCT) areas from the prostatectomy specimen. The samples were stained with the FANCM antibody. The quantification of the stromal staining index (SSI) was made using ImageJ and QuPath. Overall, 655 regions of interest (ROI) were analyzed. FANCM expression appeared equally intense and stroma specific in both CTRL and NCT, indicating the absence of underlying baseline alterations. Within the age span of the cohort 47-89 years, no significant effect of the age of the patients on the FANCM expression was seen. FANCM demonstrated Gleason grade (G) dependent decline in PCa, being statistically significant in controls versus G1 and G2 versus G3. In other adjacent International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) groups, it remained insignificant, still being meaningful between high and low-grade cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maris Laan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ave Minajeva
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Zhu Z, Ling L, Qi L, Chong Y, Xue L. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor (Ibrutinib)-Suppressed Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4113-4122. [PMID: 32494164 PMCID: PMC7231774 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have long been known in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Recently, BTK inhibitors have also become promising novel treatment reagents for prostate cancer. The current study was designed to investigate expression of BTK in prostate cancer tissues in comparison with benign hyperplasia and effect of BTK inhibitor on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. METHODS BTK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry; migration and invasion prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3) were assessed by Transwell migration and wound-healing assay; cancer cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay kit; expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) was assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Strong expression of BTK was detected in the prostate cancer tissues, especially in the tumors from prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. BTK inhibitor (Ibrutinib) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells as well as protein synthesis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by the tumor cells. Overexpressing BTK could partially but significantly block the inhibitory effect of Ibrutinib on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and protein synthesis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of the cancer cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that BTK could serve as not only a biomarker but also a therapeutic target for the prostate cancer and that Ibrutinib may be applied as a therapeutic drug for the prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Ling
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lezhong Qi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Gong D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen S, Wang R, Liu L, Duan C, Luo S. Extensive serum cytokine analysis in patients with prostate cancer. Cytokine 2020; 125:154810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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da Silva APB, Alluri LSC, Bissada NF, Gupta S. Association between oral pathogens and prostate cancer: building the relationship. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:1-10. [PMID: 30906801 PMCID: PMC6420702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and infections are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer development. There is considerable evidence that proves the interrelationship between bacterial/viral infections and carcinogenesis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. In this narrative review, we investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and prostate cancer by reviewing previous studies of the association and possible mechanisms that may explain this link. METHODS A comprehensive search for articles published was performed using the key words, "periodontal disease", "prostate disease", "prostate cancer", "prostatic inflammation". Thorough reviews of each study were conducted and assessed for eligibility, and data was summarized. RESULTS The role of inflammatory responses in the prostate as drivers of malignancy appears to be predisposed by periodontal pathogens and/or periodontitis inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION Periodontal diseases might be associated with prostate cancer. However, the mechanism(s) explaining this relationship remains unclear and requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Paes B da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Leela Subhashini C Alluri
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Nabil F Bissada
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
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20
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Shi Y, Su C, Hu H, Yan H, Li W, Chen G, Xu D, Du X, Zhang P. Serum MMP-2 as a potential predictive marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198896. [PMID: 29949618 PMCID: PMC6021053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rising rapidly. However, there are no reliable serum biomarkers for PTC. This study aimed to investigate the validity of preoperative serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as a biomarker for predicting prognosis of PTC after total or partial thyroidectomy. METHODS Male patients with PTC or a benign thyroid nodule (BTN) and healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively included. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of preoperative serum MMP-2 in diagnosing PTC, predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM), and predicting structurally persistent/recurrent disease (SPRD). Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were applied to identify independent risk factors for SPRD. RESULTS The preoperative serum MMP-2 concentration in the PTC group was higher than those in BTN and HC groups. The concentration of postoperative serum MMP-2 decreased in comparison with pre-operation. ROC curves showed that serum MMP-2 could differentially diagnose PTC from BTN at the cutoff value of 86.30 ng/ml with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 and could predict central LNM (CLNM) at the cutoff value of 101.55 ng/ml with an AUC of 0.711. Serum MMP-2 ≥101.55 ng/ml, age ≥45 years, and advanced TNM stage were independent risk factors for CLNM. Patients with SPRD had a higher median MMP-2 level (149.22 ng/ml) than patients without SPRD (104.55 ng/ml). Serum MMP-2 at the cutoff value of 144.04 ng/ml could predict SPRD in PTC patients with an AUC of 0.803. Advanced TNM stage and serum MMP-2 ≥144.04 ng/ml were independent risk factors for SPRD. Patients with serum MMP-2 ≥144.04 ng/ml had a worse clinical outcome than those with MMP-2 <144.04 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Preoperative serum MMP-2 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PTC and a predictive indicator for LNM and SPRD in male patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jilin City People’s Hospital, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XD); (PZ)
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Zhang K, Chen X, Zhou J, Yang C, Zhang M, Chao M, Zhang L, Liang C. Association between MMP2-1306 C/T polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 3906 subjects. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45020-45029. [PMID: 28445160 PMCID: PMC5546537 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations have addressed the correlation between MMP2-1306C/T polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. However, these conclusions were controversial. Thus, we conducted this current meta-analysis based on six studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to October 21st, 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the correlations. Additionally, different subgroup analyses and publication bias tests were performed. Eventually, six previous investigations consisted of 1920 cases and 1986 controls were identified and involved in this meta-analysis. Consequently, our evidence indicates a certain association between MMP2-1306C/T polymorphism and PCa risk among overall population (T vs C: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.24, P = 0.040; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.32, P = 0.026; respectively), as well as the subgroups of Asian population (T vs C: OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.13-1.94, P=0.004; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.21-2.28, P = 0.002; respectively) and PCR-RFLP genotyped method (T vs C: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.19-2.10, P = 0.001; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23-2.38, P = 0.001; respectively). However, no association was detected in MMP2-1306C/T polymorphism with Gleason grading or pathological stage of PCa. Our study indicates MMP2-1306 C/T polymorphism might increase PCa risk, particularly for Asian population. However, future studies comprising large cohort size from multicenter are required to confirm our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Chao
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, AHMU, Hefei, Anhui, China
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MMP16 is a marker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer promoting proliferation and invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51865-51874. [PMID: 27340864 PMCID: PMC5239520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are closely associated with tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In this study, we determined the MMPs expression and their clinical significances in gastric cancer (GC). We first extensive studied MMPs expression in GC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequence database and found MMP16 was candidate biomarker in GC. Then we validated clinical significance of MMP16 mRNA expression in 167 GC by RT-PCR. Survival analysis showed that high expression of MMP16 indicated poor overall and disease free survival (P<0.001). The proliferation and invasion potential of GC cells were determined by CCK8, colony formation and Transwell assays. Silencing of MMP16 expression significantly decreased the invasion and proliferation capacity of GC cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, MMP16 was highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients by promoting proliferation and invasion of GC cells. MMP16 could be a novel molecular target and prognostic marker for GC.
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Roacho-Perez JA, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Sanchez-Dominguez M, Garcia-Casillas PE, Chapa-Gonzalez C, Sanchez-Dominguez CN. Nanoparticles for death‑induced gene therapy in cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1413-1420. [PMID: 29257213 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high toxicity and side effects of the use of traditional chemotherapy in cancer, scientists are working on the development of alternative therapeutic technologies. An example of this is the use of death‑induced gene therapy. This therapy consists of the killing of tumor cells via transfection with plasmid DNA (pDNA) that contains a gene which produces a protein that results in the apoptosis of cancerous cells. The cell death is caused by the direct activation of apoptosis (apoptosis‑induced gene therapy) or by the protein toxic effects (toxin‑induced gene therapy). The introduction of pDNA into the tumor cells has been a challenge for the development of this therapy. The most recent implementation of gene vectors is the use of polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles, which have biological and physicochemical properties (shape, size, surface charge, water interaction and biodegradation rate) that allow them to carry the pDNA into the tumor cell. Furthermore, nanoparticles may be functionalized with specific molecules for the recognition of molecular markers on the surface of tumor cells. The binding between the nanoparticle and the tumor cell induces specific endocytosis, avoiding toxicity in healthy cells. Currently, there are no clinical protocols approved for the use of nanoparticles in death‑induced gene therapy. There are still various challenges in the design of the perfect transfection vector, however nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be a suitable candidate. This review describes the role of nanoparticles used for pDNA transfection and key aspects for their use in death‑induced gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Roacho-Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Hugo L Gallardo-Blanco
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Margarita Sanchez-Dominguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, S. C. (CIMAV, S.C.), Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66628, Mexico
| | - Perla E Garcia-Casillas
- Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico
| | - Christian Chapa-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico
| | - Celia N Sanchez-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
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Sikkandhar MG, Nedumaran AM, Ravichandar R, Singh S, Santhakumar I, Goh ZC, Mishra S, Archunan G, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P. Theranostic Probes for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1036. [PMID: 28492519 PMCID: PMC5454948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long gone is the time when tumors were thought to be insular masses of cells, residing independently at specific sites in an organ. Now, researchers gradually realize that tumors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood vessels, connective tissues, and immune cells in their environment, which is now known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been found that the interactions between tumors and their surrounds promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The dynamics and diversity of TME cause the tumors to be heterogeneous and thus pose a challenge for cancer diagnosis, drug design, and therapy. As TME is significant in enhancing tumor progression, it is vital to identify the different components in the TME such as tumor vasculature, ECM, stromal cells, and the lymphatic system. This review explores how these significant factors in the TME, supply tumors with the required growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate, invade, and metastasize. We also examine the development of TME-targeted nanotheranostics over the recent years for cancer therapy, diagnosis, and anticancer drug delivery systems. This review further discusses the limitations and future perspective of nanoparticle based theranostics when used in combination with current imaging modalities like Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Musafar Gani Sikkandhar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Anu Maashaa Nedumaran
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Roopa Ravichandar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Satnam Singh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Induja Santhakumar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Cong Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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Lüke J, Vukoja V, Brandenbusch T, Nassar K, Rohrbach JM, Grisanti S, Lüke M, Tura A. CD147 and matrix-metalloproteinase-2 expression in metastatic and non-metastatic uveal melanomas. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:74. [PMID: 27255356 PMCID: PMC4891917 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix remodelling regulated by matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer (CD147) is a crucial process during tumor cell invasion and regulation of blood supply. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of CD147 and MMP-2 expression with major prognostic factors for uveal melanoma and the development of metastasis. Methods The expression of CD147 and MMP-2 was analyzed in 49 samples of uveal melanomas. Triple immunofluorescence stainings using markers against glial cells (GFAP), endothelial cells (CD34) and macrophages (CD68) were performed to further analyse the exact localisation of CD147 and MMP-2 positivity. In 28 cases clinical metastatic disease were found. The remaining 21 cases showed no signs of metastatic disease for an average follow-up of 10 years. Correlation analysis (Pearson correlation) was performed to analyse the association of CD147 and MMP-2 expression with known prognostic factors, vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the mature vasculature (von Willebrand Factor) and tumor induced angiogenesis (by means of Endoglin expression). Results CD147 and MMP-2 were expressed in 47 (96.0 %) of the uveal melanomas. CD147 up-regulation was significantly correlated with a higher MMP-2 expression. The overall expression analysis revealed no significant difference in the metastatic (p = 0.777) and non-metastatic subgroup (p = 0.585). No correlation of CD147 expression and any system of blood supply was evident. In the non-metastatic sub-group a significant correlation of clustered CD147 positive cells with largest basal diameter (p = 0.039), height (p = 0.047) and TNM-stage (p = 0.013) was evident. Conclusions These data may indicate that CD147 regulates MMP-2 expression in uveal melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Vlatka Vukoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tim Brandenbusch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Khaled Nassar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Martin Rohrbach
- University Eye Hospital, Centre of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
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