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Wieczorek T, Jodkowska A, Orzeszek S, Wieckiewicz M, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Rymaszewska J, Smardz J, Wojakowska A, Martynowicz H. Why am I grinding and clenching? Exploration of personality traits, coping strategies, oral parafunctional behaviors, and severe sleep bruxism in a polysomnographic study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362429. [PMID: 38840944 PMCID: PMC11150777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent results mostly based on self-assessment evaluations. This polysomnography-based cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationships between severe SB, personality traits (according to the Big Five model), and coping strategies with objective polysomnographic verification. Methodology The study included 66 participants divided into severe SB (SSB) (n=32) and no or mild SB (n=34) groups based on video-polysomnography performed in the sleep laboratory. Questionnaire assessment included the use of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Mini-COPE, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers 20-Item version, and Oral Behavior Checklist. Results Participants with SSB presented with fewer self-reported anxiety (p=0.008) and depressive (p=0.01) symptoms than the non- or mild-SB groups. The SSB group scored significantly higher in Big Five personal traits such as extraversion (p=0.007), emotional stability (p=0.013), and intellect (p=0.004), while regarding coping strategies, the SSB group was less likely to use negative strategies: self-distraction (p=0.036), denial (p=0.006), venting (p=0.03), behavioral disengagement (p=0.046), and self-blame (p=0.003), and turning to religion (p=0.041). The intensity of oral parafunctional behaviors was comparable in both groups (p=0.054). Emotional stability was a moderate protective factor (p=0.004), and the self-blame strategy was a strong risk factor (p<0.001) for increased oral parafunctional behavior intensity. Phasic activity negatively correlated with anxiety symptom severity (p=0.005), whereas tonic (p=0.122) and mixed (p=0.053) phenotypes did not. SB intensity was a protective factor against anxiety symptoms (p=0.016). Conclusion In terms of psychopathology, severe sleep bruxers tend to present less severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, while some of their personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, and intellect) were more strongly pronounced. SSB is possibly related to the lesser use of the "maladaptive" coping strategies and there were no specific coping strategies preferred by SSB participants, compared to the other group. These observations require further studies, as it should be determined whether SB (especially phasic activity) might be a form of a somatization/functional disorder. Further research should focus on the psychogenic background of oral parafunctional behaviors, which occur more often in less emotionally stable personalities and in people using self-blame coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wieczorek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orzeszek
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Smardz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Pavlou IA, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V, Papakosta VK. Neurobiology of bruxism: The impact of stress (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:59. [PMID: 38414628 PMCID: PMC10895390 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruxism is a non-functional involuntary muscle activity that affects more than one-third of the population at some point in their lives. A number of factors have been found to be related to the etiopathogenesis of bruxism; therefore, the condition is considered multifactorial. The most commonly accepted factor is stress. Stress has long been considered to increase muscle tone and to reduce the pain threshold. Current evidence indicates that exposure to chronic stress, distress and allostatic load ignite neurological degeneration and the attenuation of critical neuronal pathways that are highly implicated in the orofacial involuntary muscle activity. The present review discusses the negative effects that chronic stress exerts on certain parts of the central nervous system and the mechanisms through which these changes are involved in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism. The extent of these morphological and functional changes on nerves and neuronal tracts provides valuable insight into the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve successful treatment. Additionally, particular emphasis is given on the effects of bruxism on the central nervous system, particularly the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as this subsequently induces an increase in circulating corticosterone levels, also evidenced by increased levels of salivary cortisol, thereby transforming bruxism into a self-reinforcing loop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica K Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Attikon, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Tinastepe N, Iscan I. Relationship between bruxism and smartphone overuse in young adults. Cranio 2024; 42:55-62. [PMID: 33787472 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1909456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible relationship between bruxism and smartphone overuse and assess the potential role of anxiety and depression in this relationship. The null hypothesis was that there was no significant difference between sleep bruxism (SB) and/or awake bruxism (AB) and non-bruxers in the level of smartphone overuse, anxiety, and depression. METHODS In total, 167 dental students were included in this study. They were evaluated using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). T-test and chi-square test were used to compare the means and percentages between groups. RESULTS A higher percentage of sleep bruxers were high smartphone users (60.3%) compared to non-SBs (44.2%). The frequencies of high smartphone users among participants with high anxiety and depression were higher than those with low anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION SB and high smartphone use were positively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ipek Iscan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pavlou IA, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V, Adamaki M. Nutrient insufficiencies and deficiencies involved in the pathogenesis of bruxism (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:563. [PMID: 37954114 PMCID: PMC10632959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been well-documented to have a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and subsequent release of corticosteroids lead to increased muscle activity. Neurological studies have demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induces neurodegeneration of important neuronal structures and destabilization of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway. These disruptions impair the abilities to counteract the overactivity of the HPA axis and disinhibit involuntary muscle activity, while at the same time, there is activation of the amygdala. Recent evidence shows that overactivation of the amygdala under stressful stimuli causes rhythmic jaw muscle activity by over activating the mesencephalic and motor trigeminal nuclei. The present review aimed to discuss the negative effects of certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as vitamin D, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids, on the central nervous system. It provides evidence on how such insufficiencies may increase stress sensitivity and neuromuscular excitability and thereby reduce the ability to effectively respond to the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and also how stress can in turn lead to these insufficiencies. Finally, the positive effects of individualized supplementation are discussed in the context of diminishing anxiety and oxidative stress, neuroprotection and in the reversal of neurodegeneration, and also in alleviating/reducing neuromuscular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Restrepo-Serna C, Winocur E. Sleep bruxism in children, from evidence to the clinic. A systematic review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1166091. [PMID: 37252006 PMCID: PMC10213965 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1166091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present paper aims to systematically review the literature published from 2015 to 2023 on bruxism in children with the aim to compilate the best available evidence. Materials and Methods A systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify all studies on humans assessing genetic, biopsychosocial, and sleep factors assessed with any different approach for sleep bruxism (SB) in children and its interventions. The selected articles were assessed independently by the two authors according to a structured reading of the article's format (PICO). The quality of the articles was evaluated using Quality Assessments Tool for Experimental Bruxism Studies (Qu-ATEBS) and the JBI critical appraisal tools. Results A total of 16 articles were included for discussion in the review and grouped into questionnaire/parental-report (n = 7), SB assessment through parental report of SB and clinical examination (n = 4), and instrumental assessment (n = 5) studies. The total quality scores evaluated with STROBE and Qu-ATEBS were high for all included papers. However, in general, there was no control of bias strategies and there was no control group in the intervention studies. Conclusions Investigations based on self-report, clinical, and instrumental bruxism assessment showed a positive association with genetics, quality of life aspects (school and emotional functions and overuse of screen-time), mother anxiety and family conformation, diet, alteration in sleep behaviors and architecture, and sleep breathing disorders. Additionally, the literature presents options to increase airway patency and, thus, reduce the occurrence of SB. Tooth wear was not found to be a major sign of SB in children. However, methods of SB assessment are heterogeneous and hamper a reliable comparison of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Osses-Anguita ÁE, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Soto-Goñi XA, García-González M, Alén Fariñas F, Cid-Verdejo R, Sánchez Romero EA, Jiménez-Ortega L. Awake and Sleep Bruxism Prevalence and Their Associated Psychological Factors in First-Year University Students: A Pre-Mid-Post COVID-19 Pandemic Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032452. [PMID: 36767818 PMCID: PMC9916215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a broad consensus accepting that psychological variables such as stress, anxiety, or depression play an important role in bruxism. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on possible awake and sleep bruxism prevalence and on the psychological factors associated with bruxism, comparing pre-pandemic, pandemic/lockdown, and post-pandemic samples of first-year students. A total of 274 dentistry students from the Complutense University of Madrid participated in the study: 92 from 2018/2019 (pre-pandemic), 90 from 2020/2021 (pandemic), and 92 students from 2021/2022 (post-pandemic) academic years. The participants filled out a thorough battery of validated questionnaires evaluating bruxism and different psychological characteristics, such as anxiety, depression, somatization, personality, and stress coping styles. While sleep bruxism prevalence was significantly higher for the pandemic group, awake bruxism was smaller in comparison to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups. The post-pandemic group also presented higher levels of neuroticism and agreeableness personality traits, and positive reappraisal than the pre-pandemic group, with the pandemic group somewhere in between. Additionally, both the pandemic and post-pandemic group showed higher levels of depression and acceptance/resignation coping styles than the pre-pandemic group. Thus, among the three groups of students, the post-pandemic group was the one that showed a larger effect of the pandemic situation in their psychological variables, presenting higher levels of anxiety (state and trait), depression, acceptation/resignation coping style, higher neuroticism (emotional instability trait), and lower agreeableness trait. Nonetheless, the increase of positive reappraisal in the post-pandemic group (an adaptive coping stress style) might be also a sign of recovery. The higher sleep bruxism for the pandemic group might be related to the pandemic situation and lockdown, passively suffered, possibly promoting feelings of impotency, increased levels of depression and acceptance/resignation (normally considered a passive/maladaptive coping style), while acute stressful situations derived from daily personal social interactions might have increased anxiety levels and induced higher levels of awake bruxism observed in both the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups. However, further research, including larger and more representative samples, is needed to confirm this possible relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Edgardo Osses-Anguita
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
- Correspondence: (Á.E.O.-A.); (E.A.S.R.); (L.J.-O.)
| | - Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier A. Soto-Goñi
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-González
- Departament of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University Europea of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén Fariñas
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosana Cid-Verdejo
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University Europea of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleuterio A. Sánchez Romero
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Physiotherapy and Orofacial Pain Working Group, Sociedad Española de Disfunción Craneomandibular y Dolor Orofacial (SEDCYDO), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, 38300 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, C/Inocencio García 1, 38300 La Orotava, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.E.O.-A.); (E.A.S.R.); (L.J.-O.)
| | - Laura Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Center of Human Evolution and Behavior, UCM-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychology and Orofacial Pain Working Group, Sociedad Española de Disfunción Craneomandibular y Dolor Orofacial (SEDCYDO), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.E.O.-A.); (E.A.S.R.); (L.J.-O.)
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Lee YH. Relationship Analogy between Sleep Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101466. [PMID: 36291402 PMCID: PMC9600472 DOI: 10.3390/children9101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep bruxism (SB) is a condition characterized by repetitive clenching or grinding teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible during sleep. Although SB is not considered a disorder in children, SB can be a potential physical and psychological hazard or consequence, and this study examines whether SB is a risk factor for TMD as it is in adults. A narrative review on the topic of inferring the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD in children was performed based on a search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 1999 and 2022. A total of 76 articles were included in this review. SB is very common in children, may be related to psychological distress or sleep breathing disorder, with a prevalence of up to 49%, and mainly occurs in the non-rapid eye movement stage in the sleep structure. SB may be one cause of TMD. The prevalence of TMD in children is 16–33%. Compared to the female-dominant TMD prevalence in adults, the sex-differences in TMD prevalence in children are less pronounced. However, TMD-related pain is more prevalent in girls than in boys. Given the complex etiology of each of SB and TMD in children, it can be inferred that the explanation of the relationship between the two conditions is very challenging. Ultimately, their relationship should be understood in the individual biopsychosocial model in the process of special physical growth and mental development of children. Moreover, appropriate clinical guidelines for a definitive diagnosis of SB and TMD in children and more research with a high scientific evidence level, which is comprehensive, considering physical, psychological, genetic, and social cultural factors, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #613 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Flueraşu MI, Bocşan IC, Țig IA, Iacob SM, Popa D, Buduru S. The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020691. [PMID: 35055514 PMCID: PMC8775973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. This analytical, observational, cohort, cross-sectional, and prospective study involved 308 volunteers aged between 19 and 30 years of different nationalities, all students of the “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Subjects were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire which was structured in five sections. The results obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed separately for sleep bruxism and for awake bruxism. We did not find any statistically significant correlation between awake bruxism or sleep bruxism and age (p = 0.30 and p = 0.37, respectively), sex (p = 0.44 and p = 0.48, respectively), or nationality (p = 0.55 and p = 0.67, respectively). Only a high degree of stress and frustration (p = 0.035 and p = 0.020) was observed in European subjects except for the Romanians and the French, likely related to the difficulties of adapting to the language and lifestyle in Romania. Female sex was statistically significantly associated with an increased level of stress (p = 0.004), duty-related depression (p = 0.006), and duty-related anxiety (p = 0.003). Stress and anxiety can be favorable factors in the appearance of both types of bruxism; however, depression is associated only with awake bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ioana Flueraşu
- Department IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (M.I.F.); (S.M.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Ioana Corina Bocşan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan-Andrei Țig
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Maria Iacob
- Department IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (M.I.F.); (S.M.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniela Popa
- Department IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (M.I.F.); (S.M.I.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-349-278
| | - Smaranda Buduru
- Department IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (M.I.F.); (S.M.I.); (S.B.)
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Maciejewska-Szaniec Z, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Hryhorowicz S, Przystańska A, Gredes T, Maciejewska B, Hoppe-Gołębiewska J, Słomski R, Pławski A, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Polymorphic variants in genes related to stress coping are associated with the awake bruxism. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34610834 PMCID: PMC8491599 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is one of the leading predisposing factors in bruxism aetiology, but the influence of genetic factors is also suggested. We aimed to study whether sequence variants in genes involved in stress regulation pathways: NTRK2 and BDNF, may be associated with awake bruxism susceptibility, clinical presentation, and patients' perceived stress level. METHODS The study group included 104 patients with probable awake bruxism and 191 population controls. Patients underwent dental examination concerning the symptoms of bruxism and psychological testing. Genotyping was performed using HRMA and sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted, and P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS We observed a positive correlation of measured stress level and pathological teeth attrition in the anterior segment (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), enamel attritions (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), tongue impressions (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) and posterior teeth attrition (r = 0.27, P = 0.005). Moreover, the c.196A variant (p.66Met) of the BDNF gene and c.1397-31392G allele of the NTRK2 gene were present with elevated frequency, comparing to controls. CONCLUSIONS This study hence the thesis that perceived stress level is a substantial contributing factor to awake bruxism occurrence and its clinical manifestations. Moreover, sequence variants in genes related to stress coping may be correlated with awake bruxism's susceptibility via elevated perceived stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Przystańska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gredes
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Orthodontics Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Maciejewska
- Department and Clinic of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Khan SIR, Rao D, Ramachandran A, Ashok BV, Baskaradoss JK. Neurotic personality trait as a predictor in the prognosis of composite restorations: A 24-month clinical follow up study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17179. [PMID: 34433843 PMCID: PMC8387411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of personality traits in modulating the incidence and progression of medical disease conditions are well documented, however, there is a paucity of information for its effects on dental health conditions and specifically on the prognosis of restorative dental materials. This study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of Micro-hybrid and Nano-ceramic composite restorations among patients with different personality traits. A total of 323 patients, indicated to receive operative treatment at a University Dental College Hospital, were invited to participate in this study. Consenting patients were requested to complete the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44 Item) personality questionnaire and were evaluated by a psychiatrist for categorizing the participants based on their personality traits. Out of the recruited patients, 124 patients falling in to the dominant trait of Agreeableness (n = 62) and Neuroticism (n = 62) were included in the study for further investigation. Next, patients from the Agreeableness (Group A) and the Neuroticism personality trait group (Group N) were randomly divided into two subgroups each—sub group Am (n = 44) and Nm (n = 48) for Micro-hybrid composite restorations and Sub group An (n = 42) and Nn (n = 47) for Nano-ceramic composite restorations. Two trained and calibrated dentists prepared the cavities according to previously published methodology. The restorations were evaluated at baseline (immediately after restoration), 6-months, 12-months and 24-months intervals by two blinded independent dental professionals for anatomical form, secondary caries, color match, retention, marginal adaptation, surface texture, marginal discoloration and post-operative sensitivity. There is no statistically significant difference noted in various parameters of restoration performance between Micro-hybrid composite and Nano-ceramic composite compared among ‘agreeableness’ personality group and among ‘neuroticism’ personality group after controlling the personality trait factor. Higher ‘Neuroticism’ individuals had higher restoration deterioration in color matching and surface texture when compared to higher ‘Agreeableness’ trait individuals. Regression analysis showed no effect of gender or cavity size on the outcome of results. Assessment of personality traits may serve as a useful tool during treatment planning which would aid clinicians in choosing suitable restorative dental material and prosthesis design according to individual patient’s physiological and functional needs, thereby overall improving the quality of treatment provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulthan Ibrahim Raja Khan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Pacific Dental College, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Pacific Hills, Pratap Nagar Extension, Airport Road, Udaipur, 313003, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Dinesh Rao
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Pacific Dental College, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Ramachandran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskaran Veni Ashok
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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11
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Chemelo VDS, Né YGDS, Frazão DR, de Souza-Rodrigues RD, Fagundes NCF, Magno MB, da Silva CMT, Maia LC, Lima RR. Is There Association Between Stress and Bruxism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 11:590779. [PMID: 33424744 PMCID: PMC7793806 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate a possible association between stress and bruxism in humans. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines under the code CRD42020188862, and the searches were performed on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. This systematic review evaluated observational studies in adult humans with and without stress to verify the association between bruxism and the presence of stress. The risk of bias was evaluated through the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. In quantitative analysis, the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated through a fixed-effect model. Furthermore, a summary of the overall strength of evidence was presented using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 1,458 studies were identified, and six were included in this systematic review. Two studies included were classified with a low risk of bias, and the others were classified with a moderate risk of bias. In three articles, a meta-analysis was performed and showed an association between these two factors (OR 2.07 [1.51, 2.83], p < 0.00001, I 2 = 45%). Besides that, a low certainty of the evidence was detected among this association. Stressed individuals show a higher chance of presenting bruxism when compared to healthy individuals. Despite the low heterogeneity found in the quantitative analysis among the articles reporting an association between stress and bruxism, further studies with similar methods are necessary to understand this relationship better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Dos Santos Chemelo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Yago Gecy de Sousa Né
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Tavares da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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12
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Soto-Goñi XA, Alen F, Buiza-González L, Marcolino-Cruz D, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Ardizone-García I, Aneiros-López F, Jiménez-Ortega L. Adaptive Stress Coping in Awake Bruxism. Front Neurol 2020; 11:564431. [PMID: 33362686 PMCID: PMC7755641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.564431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for “probable awake bruxism” were assigned to the case group (n = 29, five males). The control group (n = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal (p < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Ander Soto-Goñi
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alen
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Buiza-González
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danielle Marcolino-Cruz
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ardizone-García
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aneiros-López
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Vieira AR, Scariot R, Gerber JT, Arid J, Küchler EC, Sebastiani AM, Palinkas M, Díaz-Serrano KV, Torres CP, Regalo SCH, Nelson-Filho P, Bussaneli DG, Deeley K, Modesto A. Bruxism Throughout the Lifespan and Variants in MMP2, MMP9 and COMT. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020044. [PMID: 32471213 PMCID: PMC7354525 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized by grinding of the teeth and clenching of the jaw that causes tooth wear and breakage, temporomandibular joint disorders, muscle pain, and headache. Bruxism occurs in both adults and children. Clinical characteristics and habits were evaluated in an adult sample. Moreover, we used DNA samples from 349 adults and 151 children to determine the presence of association with specific genes. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva. The markers rs2241145 and rs243832 (metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)), rs13925 and rs2236416 (metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)), and rs6269 (cathecol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)) were genotyped. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. In adults, in univariate logistic regression, presence of caries, attrition, and use of alcohol were increased in bruxism individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, in adults, there was an association between bruxism and MMP9 (rs13925, p = 0.0001) and bruxism and COMT (rs6269, p = 0.003). In children, a borderline association was observed for MMP9 (rs2236416, p = 0.08). When we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses in adults, the same clinical characteristics remained associated with bruxism, and orthodontic treatment was also associated, besides rs13925, in the AG genotype (p = 0.015, ORa: 3.40 (1.27-9.07)). For the first time, we provide statistical evidence that these genes are associate with bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 412 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.G.B.); (K.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-724-383-8972
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR 81280-330, Brazil; (R.S.); (J.T.G.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Jennifer T. Gerber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR 81280-330, Brazil; (R.S.); (J.T.G.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Juliana Arid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Aline M. Sebastiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR 81280-330, Brazil; (R.S.); (J.T.G.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Marcelo Palinkas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Kranya V. Díaz-Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Carolina P. Torres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Simone C. H. Regalo
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; (J.A.); (E.C.K.); (M.P.); (K.V.D.-S.); (C.P.T.); (P.N.-F.)
| | - Diego G. Bussaneli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 412 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.G.B.); (K.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 412 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.G.B.); (K.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 412 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.G.B.); (K.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Przystańska A, Jasielska A, Ziarko M, Pobudek-Radzikowska M, Maciejewska-Szaniec Z, Prylińska-Czyżewska A, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Gorajska M, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Psychosocial Predictors of Bruxism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2069716. [PMID: 31737656 PMCID: PMC6815662 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the psychosocial predictors of bruxism. The association of various psychosocial factors such as alexithymia, emotional processing, state and trait anxiety, and stress with awake bruxism was analysed. METHODS The study involved 52 volunteers diagnosed with awake bruxism. The toolkit that was used included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the State- and Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), with independent individual psychological diagnoses being made for every patient. The results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. RESULTS The obtained data clearly show that psychological traits-both permanent dispositions (e.g., state anxiety and alexithymia) and temporary states (e.g., trait anxiety, emotional processing deficits, and psychological stress)-are significant determinants of awake bruxism. The percentage of explained variance indicates the presence of other factors as well. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors such as state anxiety and trait anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived stress are as important as somatic causes in the occurrence and maintenance of awake bruxism. The profile of the obtained data suggests the possibility of preventing or minimizing the symptoms of awake bruxism through properly constructed psychoprophylactic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Przystańska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Michał Ziarko
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pobudek-Radzikowska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zofia Maciejewska-Szaniec
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Prylińska-Czyżewska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Gorajska
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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