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Maged G, Abdelsamed MA, Wang H, Lotfy A. The potency of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: does donor sex matter? Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:112. [PMID: 38644508 PMCID: PMC11034072 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multi-lineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory effects, and tissue protective potential. To achieve optimal results as a therapeutic tool, factors affecting MSC potency, including but not limited to cell source, donor age, and cell batch, have been investigated. Although the sex of the donor has been attributed as a potential factor that can influence MSC potency and efficacy, the impact of donor sex on MSC characteristics has not been carefully investigated. In this review, we summarize published studies demonstrating donor-sex-related MSC heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of disclosing donor sex as a key factor affecting MSC potency in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Maged
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Menna A Abdelsamed
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Huang RL, Li Q, Ma JX, Atala A, Zhang Y. Body fluid-derived stem cells - an untapped stem cell source in genitourinary regeneration. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:739-761. [PMID: 37414959 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells have been obtained from solid organs and tissues, including the bone marrow, placenta, corneal stroma, periosteum, adipose tissue, dental pulp and skeletal muscle. These solid tissue-derived stem cells are often used for tissue repair, disease modelling and new drug development. In the past two decades, stem cells have also been identified in various body fluids, including urine, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, breastmilk and menstrual blood. These body fluid-derived stem cells (BFSCs) have stemness properties comparable to those of other adult stem cells and, similarly to tissue-derived stem cells, show cell surface markers, multi-differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects. However, BFSCs are more easily accessible through non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches than solid tissue-derived stem cells and can be isolated without enzymatic tissue digestion. Additionally, BFSCs have shown good versatility in repairing genitourinary abnormalities in preclinical models through direct differentiation or paracrine mechanisms such as pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, optimization of protocols is needed to improve the efficacy and safety of BFSC therapy before therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Lotfy A, Reinwald Y, Kobayashi J, El-Jawhari JJ. Editorial: Multipotent stromal cells and microenvironment of the tissue healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127703. [PMID: 36714009 PMCID: PMC9878148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lotfy
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Ahmed Lotfy, ; Jehan J. El-Jawhari,
| | - Yvonne Reinwald
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jehan J. El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed Lotfy, ; Jehan J. El-Jawhari,
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Shao F, Liu R, Tan X, Zhang Q, Ye L, Yan B, Zhuang Y, Xu J. MSC Transplantation Attenuates Inflammation, Prevents Endothelial Damage and Enhances the Angiogenic Potency of Endogenous MSCs in a Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2087-2101. [PMID: 35386223 PMCID: PMC8977867 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal pulmonary vascular disease initiated by endothelial dysfunction. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to ameliorate PAH in various rodent models; however, these models do not recapitulate all the histopathological alterations observed in human PAH. Broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) can develop PAH spontaneously with neointimal and plexogenic arteriopathy strikingly similar to that in human patients. Herein, we examined the protective effects of MSC transplantation on the development of PAH in this avian model. Methods Mixed-sex broilers at 15 d of age were received 2×106 MSCs or PBS intravenously. One day later, birds were exposed to cool temperature with excessive salt in their drinking water to induce PAH. Cumulative morbidity from PAH and right-to-left ventricle ratio were recorded. Lung histologic features were evaluated for the presence of endothelial damage, endothelial proliferation and plexiform lesions. Expression of proinflammatory mediators and angiogenic factors in the lung was detected. Matrigel tube formation assay was performed to determine the angiogenic potential of endogenous MSCs. Results MSC administration reduced cumulative PAH morbidity and attenuated endothelial damage, plexiform lesions and production of inflammatory mediators in the lungs. No significant difference in the expression of paracrine angiogenic factors including VEGF-A and TGF-β was determined between groups, suggesting that they are not essential for the beneficial effect of MSC transplantation. Interestingly, the endogenous MSCs from birds receiving MSC transplantation demonstrated endothelial differentiatial capacity in vitro whereas those from the mock birds did not. Conclusion Our results support the therapeutic use of MSC transplantation for PAH treatment and suggest that exogenous MSCs produce beneficial effects through modulating inflammation and endogenous MSC-mediated vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Shao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujie Ye
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Low-Dose Obeticholic Acid as a Possible Combined Treatment for Liver Fibrosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1875-1877. [PMID: 35118577 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abdelgawad M, Bakry NS, Farghali AA, Abdel-Latif A, Lotfy A. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and exosomes in COVID-19: current trends and prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:469. [PMID: 34419143 PMCID: PMC8379570 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The virus causes an exaggerated immune response, resulting in a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the leading cause of COVID-19-related mortality and morbidity. So far, no therapies have succeeded in circumventing the exacerbated immune response or cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through their immunomodulatory and regenerative activities, mostly mediated by their paracrine effect and extracellular vesicle production, have therapeutic potential in many autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. In this paper, we review clinical studies on the use of MSCs for COVID-19 treatment, including the salutary effects of MSCs on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the immunomodulation of the cytokine storm. Ongoing clinical trial designs, cell sources, dose and administration, and populations are summarized, and the paracrine mode of benefit is discussed. We also offer suggestions for optimizing MSC-based therapies, including genetic engineering, strategies for cell surface modification, nanotechnology applications, and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdelgawad
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Saied Bakry
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky and the Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA. .,College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0046, USA.
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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Lotfy A, Elgamal A, Burdzinska A, Swelum AA, Soliman R, Hassan AA, Shiha G. Stem cell therapies for autoimmune hepatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:386. [PMID: 34233726 PMCID: PMC8262021 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory hepatic disorder which may cause liver fibrosis. Appropriate treatment of autoimmune hepatitis is therefore important. Adult stem cells have been investigated as therapies for a variety of disorders in latest years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were the first known adult stem cells (ASCs) and can give rise to all of the cell types in the blood and immune system. Originally, HSC transplantation was served as a therapy for hematological malignancies, but more recently researchers have found the treatment to have positive effects in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ASCs which can be extracted from different tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and dental pulp. MSCs interact with several immune response pathways either by direct cell-to-cell interactions or by the secretion of soluble factors. These characteristics make MSCs potentially valuable as a therapy for autoimmune diseases. Both ASC and ASC-derived exosomes have been investigated as a therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. This review aims to summarize studies focused on the effects of ASCs and their products on autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Aya Elgamal
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anna Burdzinska
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.,Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Soliman
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.,Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Hassan
- Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Shiha
- Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt. .,Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Nifosì G, Nifosì L, Nifosì AF. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 47:65-75. [PMID: 33911038 PMCID: PMC8084742 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has recently associated to the increase in antiresorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs prescriptions in the treatment of oncologic and osteoporotic patients. The physiopathogenesis of MRONJ remains unclear and available treatments are unsatisfactory. Newer pharmacological treatments have shown good results, but are not curative and could have major side effects. At the same time as pharmacological treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for tissue regeneration and repair. MSCs are multipotential non-hematopoietic progenitor cells capable to differentiating into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme. Bone marrow MSCs can differentiate into osteogenic cells and display immunological properties and secrete paracrine anti-inflammatory factors in damaged tissues. The immunomodulatory, reparative, and anti-inflammatory properties of bone marrow MSCs have been tested in a variety of animal models of MRONJ and applied in specific clinical settings. The aim of this review is to discuss critically the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, both in vitro and in vivo, the possible underlying mechanisms of their effects, and their potential clinical use as modulators of immune responses in MRONJ, and to identify clinical safety and recommendations for future research.
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Kim SA, Park HY, Shin YW, Go EJ, Kim YJ, Kim YC, Shetty AA, Kim SJ. Hemovac blood after total knee arthroplasty as a source of stem cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1406. [PMID: 33313151 PMCID: PMC7723525 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background With increasing life expectancy, stem cell therapy is receiving increasing attention. However, its application is restricted by ethical concerns. Hence a need exists for design of safe procedures for stem cell procurement. Here, we investigated whether hemovac blood (HVB) is an appropriate stem cell source. Methods HVB concentrates (HVBCs) from 20 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) concentrates (BMACs) from 15 patients who underwent knee cartilage repair were comparatively evaluated. A bone marrow aspiration needle was inserted into the anterior superior iliac spine. Aspiration was performed using a 50-mL syringe, including 4 mL of anticoagulant, followed by centrifugation to obtain BMACs. To obtain HVBCs, blood was aspirated from the hemovac immediately after TKA surgery. Different cell types were enumerated. Isolation of BMA and HVB mononuclear cells was performed using density gradient centrifugation. Non-hematopoietic fibroblast colonies were quantified by colony forming unit-fibroblast assay surface marker analysis of HVB, HVBC, BMA, and BMAC was performed via flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from HVBCs and BMACs were examined for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The number of cells from HVB and HVBC was significantly lower than from BMA and BMAC; however, the number of colonies in HVBC and BMAC did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Isolated cells from both sources had a fibroblast-like appearance, adhered to culture flasks, and formed colonies. Under different culture conditions, MSC-specific surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105), osteogenic markers [RUNX2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and adipogenic markers (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were expressed. Moreover, SOX9, type II collagen, and aggrecan were significantly upregulated upon chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions HVB from TKA patients is a useful source of stem cells for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Youn Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Inje University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Go
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing Education & Administration, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Chang Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Asode Ananthram Shetty
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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