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Kiełb P, Kowalczyk K, Gurwin A, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Sosnowski R, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Novel Histopathological Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Implications and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1552. [PMID: 37371647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Despite the significant progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment over the last few years, the approach to disease detection and therapy still does not include histopathological biomarkers. The dissemination of PCa is strictly related to the creation of a premetastatic niche, which can be detected by altered levels of specific biomarkers. To date, the risk factors for biochemical recurrence include lymph node status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), body mass index (BMI), pathological Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, and intraductal carcinoma. In the future, biomarkers might represent another prognostic factor, as discussed in many studies. In this review, we focus on histopathological biomarkers (particularly CD169 macrophages, neuropilin-1, cofilin-1, interleukin-17, signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3), LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), CD15, AMACR, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), Appl1, Sortilin, Syndecan-1, and p63) and their potential application in decision making regarding the prognosis and treatment of PCa patients. We refer to studies that found a correlation between the levels of biomarkers and tumor characteristics as well as clinical outcomes. We also hypothesize about the potential use of histopathological markers as a target for novel immunotherapeutic drugs or targeted radionuclide therapy, which may be used as adjuvant therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kiełb
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalczyk
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Gurwin
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urogenital Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Phosphorylated STAT3 expression linked to SOCS3 methylation is associated with proliferative ability of gastric mucosa in patients with early gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3542-3550. [PMID: 32269628 PMCID: PMC7115067 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) may develop in the gastric mucosa after elimination of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using eradication therapy. Cytokine signaling is a key mechanism underlying GC development and progression, and STAT3 signaling may serve a central role in gastritis-associated tumorigenesis. In the present study, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) methylation was examined, as an activator of phosphorylated (p-)STAT3 expression in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa (non-NGM) of patients with early GC. The methylation status of the SOCS3 gene promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR in the non-NGM of patients with or without early GC. Expression levels of p-STAT3 and Ki67 were investigated immunohistochemically in non-NGM with early GC before and after H. pylori eradication. In non-NGM, SOCS3 promoter methylation was detected in 17/51 patients (33.3%) with early GC. In those patients, the non-NGM labeling indices of both Ki67 and p-STAT3 were significantly higher compared with that in patients with early GC without SOCS3 methylation. A significant correlation between Ki67 and p-STAT3 expression levels was demonstrated in the non-NGM of patients with early GC. In patients with early GC without SOCS3 methylation, the labeling indices of both Ki67 and p-STAT3 in non-NGM were significantly reduced after H. pylori eradication, whereas no such change was observed in patients with early GC with SOCS3 methylation. SOCS3 methylation is associated with continuous p-STAT3 overexpression and enhanced epithelial cell proliferation in non-NGM of patients with early GC.
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Kondo R, Ishino K, Wada R, Takata H, Peng WX, Kudo M, Kure S, Kaneya Y, Taniai N, Yoshida H, Naito Z. Downregulation of protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 expression inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1409-1421. [PMID: 30720090 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein that modulates folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Previous studies reported that increased expression of PDIA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a marker for poor prognosis. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to understand the role of PDIA3 in HCC development. First, immunohistochemical staining of tissues from 53 HCC cases revealed that HCC tissues with high PDIA3 expression exhibited a higher proliferation index and contained fewer apoptotic cells than those with low expression. In addition, the knockdown of PDIA3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cell lines. These results suggest that PDIA3 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC. An examination of whether PDIA3 knockdown induced apoptosis through ER stress revealed that PDIA3 knockdown did not increase ER stress marker, 78 kDa glucose‑regulated protein, in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, the association between PDIA3 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining and co‑immunoprecipitation experiments revealed colocalization and binding, respectively, of PDIA3 and STAT3 in HCC cell lines. The knockdown of PDIA3 decreased the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 (P‑STAT3; Tyr705) and downstream proteins of the STAT3 signaling pathway: The anti‑apoptotic proteins (Bcl‑2‑like protein 1, induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl‑1, survivin and X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein). In addition, PDIA3 knockdown provided little inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in HCC cell lines treated with AG490, a tyrosine‑protein kinase JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibitor. Finally, an association was demonstrated between PDIA3 and P‑STAT3 expression following immunostaining of 35 HCC samples. Together, the present data suggest that PDIA3 promotes HCC progression through the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kondo
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ishino
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Wada
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Wei-Xia Peng
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Shoko Kure
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kaneya
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Taniai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
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Liang C, Xu Y, Ge H, Li G, Wu J. Clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of p-STAT3 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1203-1214. [PMID: 29551899 PMCID: PMC5843139 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Constitutive activation of STAT3 through its phosphorylation (p-STAT3) plays a key role in the development and progression of various cancers. However, the relationship between p-STAT3 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the role of p-STAT3 in HCC. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese CNKI, and Chinese Wanfang databases were searched using the appropriate terms to find the relevant studies on p-STAT3 and HCC. The relationship between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value was established. Pool odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using the STATA 14.2 software. Results The eight articles included in this meta-analysis comprised 752 patients. Expression of p-STAT3 was associated with incidence, age, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, vascular invasion, and TNM stage of HCC, but it was not related to gender, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), number of tumors, and tumor differentiation. Additionally, the expression of p-STAT3 was related to a poor 3- and 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate. Conclusion Expression of p-STAT3 was associated with the incidence, age, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, vascular invasion, and TNM stage. Thus, p-STAT3 can be a reliable prognostic biomarker for HCC. Further high-quality studies with larger numbers of patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zaazaa AM, Lokman MS, Shalby AB, Ahmed HH, El-Toumy SA. Ellagic Acid Holds Promise Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
in an Experimental Model: Mechanisms of Action. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:387-393. [PMID: 29479987 PMCID: PMC5980924 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work was initiated to explore the efficacy of ellagic acid in mitigation of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Rats were distributed into 4 groups; negative control, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), doxorubicin and ellagic acid. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels were assayed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical examination of hepatic VEGF expression was also conducted, along with histological procedures for examination of liver tissue sections. Significant elevation in serum AFP, GPC-3 and STAT3 levels with a significant drop in SOCS3 were observed in the HCC group. In contrast, the treated groups showed significant decline in serum AFP, GPC-3 and STAT3 levels and significant increase in SOCS3. Additionally, the HCC group declared mild positive immunoreaction for VEGF in hepatocytes while treatment with doxorubicin or ellagic acid was associated with a negative immunoreaction for VEGF. These results were supported by histological examination of liver tissue. The obtained findings suggested that ellagic acid may have beneficial chemopreventive role against hepatocarcinogenesis through its apoptotic, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zaazaa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen JJ, Cai N, Chen GZ, Jia CC, Qiu DB, Du C, Liu W, Yang Y, Long ZJ, Zhang Q. The neuroleptic drug pimozide inhibits stem-like cell maintenance and tumorigenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17593-17609. [PMID: 26061710 PMCID: PMC5392272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is currently an important approach for accelerating drug discovery and development for clinical use. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents drug resistance to chemotherapy, and the prognosis is poor due to the existence of liver cancer stem-like cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of the neuroleptic agent pimozide to inhibit stem-like cell maintenance and tumorigenicity in HCC. Our results showed that pimozide functioned as an anti-cancer drug in HCC cells or stem-like cells. Pimozide inhibited cell proliferation and sphere formation capacities in HCC cells by inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibited HCC cell migration. Surprisingly, pimozide inhibited the maintenance and tumorigenicity of HCC stem-like cells, particularly the side population (SP) or CD133-positive cells, as evaluated by colony formation, sphere formation and transwell migration assays. Furthermore, pimozide was found to suppress STAT3 activity in HCC cells by attenuating STAT3-dependent luciferase activity and down-regulating the transcription levels of downstream genes of STAT3 signaling. Moreover, pimozide reversed the stem-like cell tumorigenic phenotypes induced by IL-6 treatment in HCC cells. Further, the antitumor effect of pimozide was also proved in the nude mice HCC xenograft model. In short, the anti-psychotic agent pimozide may act as a novel potential anti-tumor agent in treating advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Zhong Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Chang Jia
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bo Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhu KT, Wu ZR, Lu XF, Ji HJ, Zhou YJ, Cao XY, Zhu YJ, Bu H, Shi YJ. Clinical significance of expression of histone deacetylase 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:922-928. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i10.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze its clinicopathological significance.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed in 60 pairs of HCC tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The relationship of HDAC3 expression with clinical and pathological features and overall survival was analyzed statistically.
RESULTS HDAC3 expression was significantly up-regulated in the HCC specimens compared to corresponding normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of HDAC3 in HCC had no significant correlation with gender, age, history of hepatitis B virus infection, TNM stage, pathological classification, α-fetoprotein level, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, or tumor number (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between HDAC3 and p-STAT3 expression in HCC tissues (r2 = 0.622, P < 0.001). However, HDAC3 expression had a significant correlation with tumor recurrence (P < 0.05). The overall survival of postoperative HCC patients in the HDAC3 positive group was obviously poorer than that of patients in the HDAC3 negative group (P < 0.05), suggesting that high HDAC3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients.
CONCLUSION The up-regulated expression of HDAC3 may be closely related with the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Guo F, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang P, Huang G, Chen S, Lyu X, Zheng P, Zhao X, Zeng Y, Wang S, He F. FXR induces SOCS3 and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34606-16. [PMID: 26416445 PMCID: PMC4741476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is regarded as a vital repressor in the liver carcinogenesis mainly by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), highly expressed in liver, has an important role in protecting against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is unclear whether the tumor suppressive activity of FXR involves the regulation of SOCS3. In the present study, we found that activation of FXR by its specific agonist GW4064 in HCC cells inhibited cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, elevated p21 expression and repressed STAT3 activity. The above anti-tumor effects of FXR were dramatically alleviated by knockdown of SOCS3 with siRNA. Reporter assay revealed that FXR activation enhanced the transcriptional activity of SOCS3 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay displayed that FXR directly bound to IR9 DNA motif within SOCS3 promoter region. The in vivo study in nude mice showed that treatment with FXR ligand GW4064 could decelerate the growth of HCC xenografts, up-regulate SOCS3 and p21 expression and inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in the xenografts. These results suggest that induction of SOCS3 may be a novel mechanism by which FXR exerts its anti-HCC effects, and the FXR-SOCS3 signaling may serve as a new potential target for the prevention/treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Jiang BG, Yang Y, Liu H, Gu FM, Yang Y, Zhao LH, Yuan SX, Wang RY, Zhang J, Zhou WP. SOCS3 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated With Clinical Features and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Receiving Hepatectomy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1344. [PMID: 26447993 PMCID: PMC4616756 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) protein is associated with incidence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the association between the genetic polymorphism of SOCS3 gene and HCC remains unknown. A total of 254 HCC patients and 354 healthy controls were enrolled. All HCC patients underwent partial hepatectomy as initial treatment and were followed. Three SOCS3 gene polymorphisms, namely, rs4969170 A>G, rs8064821 C>T, and rs12953258 C>A were determined. Our data show that the rs4969170 A>G polymorphism dramatically affects the susceptibility to HCC in our cohorts. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the rs4969170 GG is a risk factor for HCC after the adjustment with confounding factors. The rs4969170A>G polymorphism is also associated with the clinical features of HCC patients and predicts the postoperative relapse-free survival and overall survival. The rs4969170GG genotype carrier had a worse prognosis than the rs4969170AG and rs4969170AA carrier. Our findings suggest that the rs4969170A>G polymorphism of SOCS3 gene may be used as a prognostic predictor for HCC patients who underwent surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Ge Jiang
- From the Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China (B-GJ, YY, HL, F-MG, YY, L-HZ, S-XY, R-YW, JZ, W-PZ)
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SOCS3 Methylation Predicts a Poor Prognosis in HBV Infection-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22662-75. [PMID: 26393582 PMCID: PMC4613329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) plays crucial roles in JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the methylation status of SOCS3 in HBV infection-related HCC and the relationship between SOCS3 methylation and the clinical outcome remain unknown. Here, we reported that in HCC tumor tissues, two regions of the CpG island (CGI) in the SOCS3 promoter were subjected to methylation analysis and only the region close to the translational start site of SOCS3 was hypermethylated. In HCC tumor tissues, SOCS3 showed an increased methylation frequency and intensity compared with that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, SOCS3 expression was significantly down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tumor tissues, and this was inversely correlated with methylation. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that in patients with an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection background, SOCS3 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with a poor clinical outcome of HCC patients. Our findings indicated that SOCS3 hypermethylation has already happened in non-tumor tissues and increased in both frequency and intensity in tumor tissues. This suggests that the methylation of SOCS3 could predict a poor prognosis in HBV infection-related HCC patients.
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Li MX, Bi XY, Huang Z, Zhao JJ, Han Y, Li ZY, Zhang YF, Li Y, Chen X, Hu XH, Zhao H, Cai JQ. Prognostic Role of Phospho-STAT3 in Patients with Cancers of the Digestive System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127356. [PMID: 26024373 PMCID: PMC4449159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The definite prognostic role of p-STAT3 has not been well defined. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic role of p-STAT3 expression in patients with digestive system cancers. METHODS We searched the available articles reporting the prognostic value of p-STAT3 in patients with cancers of the digestive system, mainly including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophagus cancer and pancreatic cancer. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were used to assess the prognostic role of p-STAT3 expression level in cancer tissues. And the association between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 22 studies with 3585 patients were finally enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results showed that elevated p-STAT3 expression level predicted inferior OS (HR = 1.809, 95% CI: 1.442-2.270, P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.481, 95% CI: 1.028-2.133, P = 0.035) in patients with malignant cancers of the digestive system. Increased expression of p-STAT3 is significantly related with tumor cell differentiation (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.895, 95% CI: 1.364-2.632, P < 0.001) and lymph node metastases (OR = 2.108, 95% CI: 1.104-4.024, P = 0.024). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the pooled HR was stable and omitting a single study did not change the significance of the pooled HR. Funnel plots and Egger's tests revealed there was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Phospho-STAT3 might be a prognostic factor of patients with digestive system cancers. More well designed studies with adequate follow-up are needed to gain a thorough understanding of the prognostic role of p-STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-xing Li
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xin-yu Bi
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jian-jun Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Radiofrequency Ablation, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-yu Li
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Ye-fan Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xu-hui Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jian-qiang Cai
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Hong Y, Zhou L, Xie H, Wang W, Zheng S. Differences in antiproliferative effect of STAT3 inhibition in HCC cells with versus without HBV expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:513-8. [PMID: 25899746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays an important role in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inactivation could inhibit the tumor growth of HCC. In this study, differential antiproliferative effect of STAT3 inhibition was observed with HBV-related HCC cells being more resistant than non-HBV-related HCC cells. Resistance of HBV-related HCC cells to STAT3 inhibition was positively correlated to the expression of HBV. Enhanced ERK activation after STAT3 blockade was detected in HBV-related HCC cells but not in non-HBV-related HCC cells. Combined ERK and STAT3 inhibition eliminates the discrepancy between the two types of HCC cells. Moderate reduced HBV expression was found after STAT3 inhibition. These findings disclose a discrepancy in cellular response to STAT3 inhibition between non-HBV-related and HBV-related HCC cells and underscore the complexity of antiproliferative effect of STAT3 inactivation in HBV-related HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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13
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Gaballah HH, Shafik NM, Wasfy RE, Abou Farha MO. Significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma in relation to proinflammatory cytokines and tumor histopathological grading. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:307-14. [PMID: 25640370 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide. Altered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling -3 (SOCS-3) has been implicated in various types of human cancers; however, its role in bladder cancer is not well established. AIM The present study was undertaken to investigate the mRNA expression of SOCS-3 in normal and cancerous bladder tissue and to explore its correlation with urinary levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, cytokeratin-18 (CK -18) and with tumor histopathological grading, in order to evaluate their role as potential diagnostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS SOCS3 mRNA expression levels were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR. Urinary levels of interleukins 6 and 8 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokeratin-18 expression was analyzed by immuunohistochemistry then validated by ELISA. RESULTS SOC3 m RNA expression levels were significantly lower in high grade urothelial carcinoma (0.36±0.12) compared to low grade carcinoma (1.22±0.38) and controls (4.08±0.88), (p<0.001). However, in high grade urothelial carcinoma the urinary levels of IL-6, IL-8, total CK-18(221.33±22.84 pg/ml, 325.2±53.6 pg/ ml, 466.7±57.40 U/L respectively) were significantly higher than their levels in low grade carcinoma (58.6±18.6 pg/ ml, 58.3±50.2 pg/ml, 185.5±60.3 U/L respectively) and controls (50.9±23.0 pg/ml, 7.12±2.74 pg/ml, 106.7±47.3U/L respectively), (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Advanced grade of urothelial bladder carcinoma is significantly associated with lowered mRNA expression of SOC3 as well as elevated urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CK-18. Furthermore, our results suggested that urinary IL-8, IL-6 and CK-18 may benefit as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection as well as histopathological subtyping of urothelial carcinoma.
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14
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Taniguchi K, Karin M. IL-6 and related cytokines as the critical lynchpins between inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:54-74. [PMID: 24552665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in cancer development, including tumor initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Cytokines are now recognized as important mediators linking inflammation and cancer, and are therefore potential therapeutic and preventive targets as well as prognostic factors. The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-11, is highly up-regulated in many cancers and considered as one of the most important cytokine families during tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review discusses molecular mechanisms linking the IL-6 cytokine family to solid malignancies and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Wu WY, Kim H, Zhang CL, Meng XL, Wu ZS. Loss of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 promotes aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:197-204. [PMID: 24476004 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.873098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Constitutive activation of STAT3 is found in various types of tumors, including HCC. In addition, suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) signals for negative feedback to STATs, and is found to be inversely correlated with STAT3 expression. However, the exact role of SOCS3 in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC is not fully understood. In this study we intended to show that SOCS3 inhibition promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. HepG2, a human HCC cell line, was grown with SOCS3 siRNA or negative control (NC) transfection to assess the involvement of SOCS3 in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by MTT, migration, and invasion assays, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of STAT3, SOCS3, c-myc, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 after transfection with either SOCS3 or NC siRNAs. A diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model was assessed with or without injection of NSC 74859, a STAT3 inhibitor, to show accompanied changes among the expressions of STAT3, SOCS3, c-myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Inhibition of SOCS3 expression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells and increased the expression of c-myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9. HCC tumors developed in mice by DEN-induction with administration of NSC 74859 resulted in decreased expression of c-myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but not SOCS3. Loss of SOCS3 increased tumor growth, migration, and invasion and resulted in accompanied changes in expression of STAT3 and its target oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Anhui, Hefei , P.R. China
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16
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Reebye V, Sætrom P, Mintz P, Huang K, Swiderski P, Peng L, Liu C, Liu X, Jensen S, Zacharoulis D, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kasahara N, Nicholls J, Jiao L, Pai M, Mizandari M, Chikovani T, Emara M, Haoudi A, Tomalia D, Rossi J, Habib N, Spalding D. Novel RNA oligonucleotide improves liver function and inhibits liver carcinogenesis in vivo. Hepatology 2014; 59:216-27. [PMID: 23929703 PMCID: PMC4655108 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in patients with liver cirrhosis. Here we show an innovative RNA-based targeted approach to enhance endogenous albumin production while reducing liver tumor burden. We designed short-activating RNAs (saRNA) to enhance expression of C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α), a transcriptional regulator and activator of albumin gene expression. Increased levels of both C/EBPα and albumin mRNA in addition to a 3-fold increase in albumin secretion and 50% decrease in cell proliferation was observed in C/EBPα-saRNA transfected HepG2 cells. Intravenous injection of C/EBPα-saRNA in a cirrhotic rat model with multifocal liver tumors increased circulating serum albumin by over 30%, showing evidence of improved liver function. Tumor burden decreased by 80% (P = 0.003) with a 40% reduction in a marker of preneoplastic transformation. Since C/EBPα has known antiproliferative activities by way of retinoblastoma, p21, and cyclins, we used messenger RNA (mRNA) expression liver cancer-specific microarray in C/EBPα-saRNA-transfected HepG2 cells to confirm down-regulation of genes strongly enriched for negative regulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Up-regulated genes were enriched for tumor suppressors and positive regulators of cell differentiation. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis of C/EBPα-saRNA-transfected cells suggested that in addition to the known antiproliferative targets of C/EBPα, we also observed suppression of interleukin (IL)6R, c-Myc, and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION A novel injectable saRNA-oligonucleotide that enhances C/EBPα expression successfully reduces tumor burden and simultaneously improves liver function in a clinically relevant liver cirrhosis/HCC model.
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MESH Headings
- Albumins/metabolism
- Animals
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Therapy
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Function Tests
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/complications
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Reebye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - P. Sætrom
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - P.J. Mintz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - K.W. Huang
- Department of Surgery & Hepatitis Research Center. National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University. Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - P. Swiderski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA 91010. USA
| | - L. Peng
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - C. Liu
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - X.X. Liu
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S. Jensen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - D. Zacharoulis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa Mezourlo, Larisa, Greece
| | - N. Kostomitsopoulos
- Centre for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - N. Kasahara
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7019, USA
| | - J.P. Nicholls
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - L.R. Jiao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - M. Pai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - M. Mizandari
- Department of Radiology. Tbilisi 1 Hospital University Clinic. High Technology Medical Center. Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T. Chikovani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Faculty of Medicine. Tbilisi State Medical University. Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M.M. Emara
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Education City, P.O BOX 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - A. Haoudi
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Education City, P.O BOX 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - D.A. Tomalia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J.J. Rossi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - N.A. Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Wu WY, Li J, Wu ZS, Zhang CL, Meng XL. STAT3 activation in monocytes accelerates liver cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:506. [PMID: 22136659 PMCID: PMC3241618 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor ubiquitously expressed in different cell types. STAT3 plays an essential role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Aberrantly hyper-activated STAT3 signaling in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment has been detected in a wide variety of human cancers and is considered an important factor for cancer initiation, development, and progression. However, the role of STAT3 activation in monocytes in the development of HCC has not been well understood. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated STAT3 was performed on tissue microarray from HCC patients. Using a co-culture system in vivo, HCC cell growth was determined by the MTT assay. In vivo experiments were conducted with mice given diethylinitrosamine (DEN), which induces HCC was used to investigate the role of STAT3 expression in monocytes on tumor growth. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of cell proliferation and cell arrest associated genes in the tumor and nontumor tissue from liver. Results Phosphorylated STAT3 was found in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples and was expressed in tumor cells and also in monocytes. Phosphorylated STAT3 expression in monocyte was significantly correlated to advanced clinical stage of HCC and a poor prognosis. Using a co-culture system in vivo, monocytes promoted HCC cell growth via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. The STAT3 inhibitor, NSC 74859, significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo in mice with diethylinitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. In this animal model, blockade of STAT3 with NSC 74859 induced tumor cell apoptosis, while inhibiting both tumor cells and monocytes proliferation. Furthermore, NSC 74859 treatment suppressed cancer associated inflammation in DEN-induce HCC. Conclusion Our data suggest constitutively activated STAT3 monocytes promote liver tumorigenesis in clinical patients and animal experiments. Thus, STAT3 in tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells may an attractive target for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui MedicalUniversity, Anhui, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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