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Karacam K, Demir T, Baris O. Identification of Dominant Bacteria Isolated From Periodontal Abscesses. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Various methods investigating the bacterial content causing periodontal abscesses have been applied in studies conducted until today. However, these studies have focused on periodontopathogens. Our study was carried out to research whether different pathogens other than the known periodontopathogens are present in periodontal abscess formation. Therefore, dominant bacterial samples obtained from the periodontal abscess content using the culture-dependent method were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained using a syringe or a periopaper from periodontal abscesses of 20 volunteers who met the research criteria. The three different bacterial colonies that were observed most intensely in each sample were selected and purified, and the isolates obtained were kept until the next characterization. Genomic DNA was isolated from each isolate; 16S rRNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and identified using DNA sequencing analyses. Results: As a result of culture-dependent methods, bacterial species belonging to Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Morococcus, Moraxella, and Enterococcus genera were isolated from a total of 60 bacterial isolates, three of which were the most densely growing colonies from each periodontal abscess sample. Conclusion: In our study, most of the bacterial species detected were identified for the first time in the bacterial content of periodontal abscesses. In some previously done studies, most of these bacteria species were shown to cause abscesses in different parts of the body. It was concluded that further studies are needed to determine the number and proportion of these bacteria species in total bacterial content to evaluate whether they cause periodontal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karacam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Turgut Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Baris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Li M, Gao C, Feng Y, Liu K, Cao P, Liu Y, Yi X. Martelella alba sp. nov., isolated from mangrove rhizosphere soil within the Beibu Gulf. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1779-1786. [PMID: 33471135 PMCID: PMC8055630 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strain BGMRC 2036T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bruguiear gymnorrhiza collected from the Beibu Gulf of China. Optimum growth occurred at 28 °C, pH 7.0, and under the conditions of 3-5% (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences displayed that strain BGMRC 2036T was closely related to Martelella limonii NBRC109441T (96.6% sequence similarity), M. mediterranea CGMCC 1.12224T (96.5%), M. lutilitoris GH2-6T (96.5%), M. radicis BM5-7T (96.2%), and M. mangrove BM9-1T (95.9%), M. suaedae NBRC109440T (95.8%). The phylogenomic tree based on the up-to-date bacterial core gene set indicated that the strain BGMRC 2036T form a clade formed with members of the genera Martelella. The major polar lipids include phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphotidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified ninhydrin positive phospholipids. The major respiratory quinone is Q-10, which is similar to those of genera Martelella. The main cellular fatty acids are C18:1 ω7c, C16:0, and C12:0 aldehyde. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.99 Mbp and a G + C content of 62.3 mol%. Pairwise comparison of the genomes of the new strain BGMRC 2036T and the three reference strains M. endophytica YC 6887T, M. mediterranea CGMCC 1.12224T, and M. mangrovi USBA-857 indicated that gANI value was lower than 81% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was lower than 27%. The strain BGMRC 2036T possessed genes putatively encoding riboflavin synthesis and flavodoxin A polyphasic taxonomic study suggested that strain BGMRC 2036T represented a novel species belonging to the genus Martelella, and it was named Martelella alba sp. nov. The type strain is BGMRC 2036T (=KCTC 52121T =NBRC 111908T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Feng
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Cao
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangxi Yi
- Institute of Marine Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13 Wuhe Road, Nanning, 530200, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ikeda E, Shiba T, Ikeda Y, Suda W, Nakasato A, Takeuchi Y, Azuma M, Hattori M, Izumi Y. Japanese subgingival microbiota in health vs disease and their roles in predicted functions associated with periodontitis. Odontology 2019; 108:280-291. [PMID: 31502122 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify and compare the microbial signatures between periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects using 454 sequences of 16S rRNA genes. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from ten periodontally healthy subjects and ten matched chronic periodontitis patients. Bacterial DNA was extracted and next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed. The microbial composition differed between healthy subjects and periodontitis patients at all phylogenetic levels. Particularly, 16 species, including Lautropia mirabilis and Neisseria subflava predominated in healthy subjects, whereas nine species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis predominated in periodontitis. UniFrac, a principal coordinate and network analysis, confirmed distinct community profiles in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. Using predicted function profiling, pathways involved in phenylpropanoid, GPI-anchor biosynthesis, and metabolism of alanine, arginine, aspartate, butanoate, cyanoamino acid, fatty acid, glutamate, methane, proline, and vitamin B6 were significantly over-represented in periodontitis patients. These results highlight the oral microbiota alterations in microbial composition in periodontitis and suggest the genes and metabolic pathways associated with health and periodontitis. Our findings help to further elucidate microbial composition and interactions in health and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakasato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.,Oral Care Perio Center, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8052, Japan
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4
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Zhang S, Zhang Z, Yu W, Ren Y, Ye D, Wang L, Qiu J. Analysis of the Correlation between Morphology and Kinematics of Anteriorly Displaced TMJ Discs Using Cine-MRI and ARCUSdigma Systems. Open Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Studies of mandibular movement trajectories have provided a good understanding of the motion of the condyle but little information on the geometric relationships of the disc because they have not related the movements to anatomic structures.
Objective:
This study investigated the morphology and kinematic characteristics of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) using Cine-MRI and ARCUSdigma systems.
Methods:
For this study population, preliminary clinical diagnoses were asymptomatic in 15 cases, unilateral anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) in 17 cases, and unilateral Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction (ADDWoR) in 14 cases. Patients were investigated with Cine-MRI and ARCUSdigma systems during physiological opening and closing of the mouth.
Results:
In these groups, there were 13 healthy subjects, 19 patients with unilateral ADDWR and 14 patients with unilateral ADDWoR classified by Cine-MRI. (1) To assess morphology by MRI, disc deformities were evaluated as follows: biplanar, rounded, thickening in the posterior band, lengthened and folded. (2) The opening trajectory for healthy subjects was close to the closing trajectory. Conversely, the incisal and condylar trajectories during opening and closing were obviously bounced, deviated or shortened in the ADDWR and ADDWoR groups. The pathway of the kinematic axis was not parallel, and the condylar trajectory had an inflexion. (3) The mean values of the incisal and condylar paths of the ADDWoR group were significantly different from those in the healthy group (P<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences between the ADDWR and the healthy group (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
This study combined analysis of the condylar pathways and disc-condylar relationship to provide good visualization of morphology and kinematics during jaw movement. This process helps improve our understanding of the complexity of disk-condylar movements in subjects with TMJ internal derangement and may also contribute to our knowledge of the etiology of TMJ internal derangement.
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Abranches J, Zeng L, Kajfasz JK, Palmer SR, Chakraborty B, Wen ZT, Richards VP, Brady LJ, Lemos JA. Biology of Oral Streptococci. Microbiol Spectr 2018; 6:10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018. [PMID: 30338752 PMCID: PMC6287261 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0042-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus are the first inhabitants of the oral cavity, which can be acquired right after birth and thus play an important role in the assembly of the oral microbiota. In this article, we discuss the different oral environments inhabited by streptococci and the species that occupy each niche. Special attention is given to the taxonomy of Streptococcus, because this genus is now divided into eight distinct groups, and oral species are found in six of them. Oral streptococci produce an arsenal of adhesive molecules that allow them to efficiently colonize different tissues in the mouth. Also, they have a remarkable ability to metabolize carbohydrates via fermentation, thereby generating acids as byproducts. Excessive acidification of the oral environment by aciduric species such as Streptococcus mutans is directly associated with the development of dental caries. However, less acid-tolerant species such as Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus gordonii produce large amounts of alkali, displaying an important role in the acid-base physiology of the oral cavity. Another important characteristic of certain oral streptococci is their ability to generate hydrogen peroxide that can inhibit the growth of S. mutans. Thus, oral streptococci can also be beneficial to the host by producing molecules that are inhibitory to pathogenic species. Lastly, commensal and pathogenic streptococci residing in the oral cavity can eventually gain access to the bloodstream and cause systemic infections such as infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abranches
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - J K Kajfasz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - S R Palmer
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - B Chakraborty
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Z T Wen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - V P Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - L J Brady
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - J A Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
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Hall MW, Singh N, Ng KF, Lam DK, Goldberg MB, Tenenbaum HC, Neufeld JD, G Beiko R, Senadheera DB. Inter-personal diversity and temporal dynamics of dental, tongue, and salivary microbiota in the healthy oral cavity. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017. [PMID: 28649403 PMCID: PMC5445578 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-016-0011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbes form a complex and dynamic biofilm community, which is subjected to daily host and environmental challenges. Dysbiosis of the oral biofilm is correlated with local and distal infections and postulating a baseline for the healthy core oral microbiota provides an opportunity to examine such shifts during the onset and recurrence of disease. Here we quantified the daily, weekly, and monthly variability of the oral microbiome by sequencing the largest oral microbiota time-series to date, covering multiple oral sites in ten healthy individuals. Temporal dynamics of salivary, dental, and tongue consortia were examined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing over 90 days, with four individuals sampled additionally 1 year later. Distinct communities were observed between dental, tongue, and salivary samples, with high levels of similarity observed between the tongue and salivary communities. Twenty-six core OTUs that classified within Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Rothia genera were present in ≥95% samples and accounted for ~65% of the total sequence data. Phylogenetic diversity varied from person to person, but remained relatively stable within individuals over time compared to inter-individual variation. In contrast, the composition of rare microorganisms was highly variable over time, within most individuals. Using machine learning, an individual's oral microbial assemblage could be correctly assigned to them with 88–97% accuracy, depending on the sample site; 83% of samples taken a year after initial sampling could be confidently traced back to the source subject. A study of bacteria in the mouth reveals insights into their diversity, stability, and variability among people and over time. By tracking daily, weekly, and monthly fluctuations of plaque and salivary bacteria in ten healthy volunteers, Dilani Senadheera at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto and co-researchers in Canada reveal significant differences in the “microbiome” present in dental, tongue and saliva samples over time. They found considerable variation in these communities between individuals, sufficient to identify a person with “bacterial fingerprints” using plaque or saliva even after 1 year. The researchers reveal a “core community” that spans different persons, oral sites, and time, suggesting some level of stability. This study is useful to understand the diversity and community drifts in different oral sites over time, which is important when plaque and saliva are used for bacterial analysis in diagnostic, risk-prediction, and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hall
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Natasha Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kester F Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David K Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Michael B Goldberg
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Division of Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Division of Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada.,School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Josh D Neufeld
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Robert G Beiko
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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Lee SE, Nam OH, Lee HS, Choi SC. Diversity and homogeneity of oral microbiota in healthy Korean pre-school children using pyrosequencing. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:335-6. [PMID: 26758186 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1132006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was designed to identify the oral microbiota in healthy Korean pre-school children using pyrosequencing. Materials and methods Dental plaque samples were obtained form 10 caries-free pre-school children. The samples were analysed using pyrosequencing. Results The pyrosequencing analysis revealed that, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria showed high abundance. Also, predominant genera were identified as core microbiome, such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus and Veilonella. Conclusions The diversity and homogeneity was shown in the dental plaque microbiota in healthy Korean pre-school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Eon Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang S, Qiu J, Ren Y, Yu W, Zhang F, Liu X. Reciprocal interaction between dental alloy biocorrosion and Streptococcus mutans virulent gene expression. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:78. [PMID: 26896953 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of dental alloys is a major concern in dental restorations. Streptococcus mutans reduces the pH in oral cavity and induces demineralization of the enamel as well as corrosion of restorative dental materials. The rough surfaces of dental alloys induced by corrosion enhance the subsequent accumulation of plaque. In this study, the corrosion process of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys in a nutrient-rich medium containing S. mutans was studied using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical corrosion test. Our results showed that the release of Ni and Co ions increased, particularly after incubation for 3 days. The electrochemical corrosion results showed a significant decrease in the corrosion resistance (Rp) value after the alloys were immersed in the media containing S. mutans for 3 days. Correspondingly, XPS revealed a reduction in the relative dominance of Ni, Co, and Cr in the surface oxides after the alloys were immersed in the S. mutans culture. After removal of the biofilm, the pre-corroded alloys were re-incubated in S. mutans medium, and the expressions of genes associated with the adhesion and acidogenesis of S. mutans, including gtfBCD, gbpB, fif and ldh, were evaluated by detecting the mRNA levels using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that the gtfBCD, gbpB, ftf and Idh expression of S. mutans were noticeably increased after incubation with pre-corroded alloys for 24 h. This study demonstrated that S. mutans enhanced the corrosion behavior of the dental alloys, on the other hand, the presence of corroded alloy surfaces up-regulated the virulent gene expression in S. mutans. Compared with smooth surfaces, the rough corroded surfaces of dental alloys accelerated the bacteria-adhesion and corrosion process by changing the virulence gene expression of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 20001, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, College of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, 14642, USA
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 20001, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 20001, China.
| | - Xiuxin Liu
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, 14642, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Hu J, Du N, Chen F. Functional diversity of the microbial community in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients based on sole carbon source utilization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91977. [PMID: 24632674 PMCID: PMC3954802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common forms of biofilm-induced diseases. Most of the recent studies were focus on the dental plaque microbial diversity and microbiomes. However, analyzing bacterial diversity at the taxonomic level alone limits deeper comprehension of the ecological relevance of the community. In this study, we compared the metabolic functional diversity of the microbial community in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients in a creative way—to assess the sole carbon source utilization using Biolog assay, which was first applied on oral micro-ecology assessment. Pattern analyses of 95-sole carbon sources catabolism provide a community-level phenotypic profile of the microbial community from different habitats. We found that the microbial community in the periodontitis group had greater metabolic activity compared to the microbial community in the healthy group. Differences in the metabolism of specific carbohydrates (e.g. β-methyl-D-glucoside, stachyose, maltose, D-mannose, β-methyl-D-glucoside and pyruvic acid) were observed between the healthy and periodontitis groups. Subjects from the healthy and periodontitis groups could be well distinguished by cluster and principle component analyses according to the utilization of discriminate carbon sources. Our results indicate significant difference in microbial functional diversity between healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. We also found Biolog technology is effective to further our understanding of community structure as a composite of functional abilities, and it enables the identification of ecologically relevant functional differences among oral microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Hu
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Du
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Chen X, D'Souza R, Hong ST. The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives. Protein Cell 2013; 4:403-14. [PMID: 23686721 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are intimately connected to form a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system. The communication between gut and brain, knows as the gut-brain axis, is so well established that the functional status of gut is always related to the condition of brain. The researches on the gut-brain axis were traditionally focused on the psychological status affecting the function of the GI tract. However, recent evidences showed that gut microbiota communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis to modulate brain development and behavioral phenotypes. These recent findings on the new role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis implicate that gut microbiota could associate with brain functions as well as neurological diseases via the gut-brain axis. To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, precise identification of the composition of microbes constituting gut microbiota is an essential step. However, identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota has been the main technological challenge currently due to massive amount of intestinal microbes and the difficulties in culture of gut microbes. Current methods for identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota are dependent on omics analysis methods by using advanced high tech equipment. Here, we review the association of gut microbiota with the gut-brain axis, including the pros and cons of the current high throughput methods for identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- BDRD Research Institute, JINIS Biopharmaceuticals Inc, 948-9 Dunsan, Bongdong, Wanju, Chonbuk, 565-902, South Korea
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