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Zhou HY, Wang BQ, Chen MX, Wang YF, Jiang YF, Ma J. KDM4C represses liver fibrosis by regulating H3K9me3 methylation of ALKBH5 and m6A methylation of snail1 mRNA. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:298-309. [PMID: 38938016 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to disclose the molecular mechanism of snail1 in liver fibrosis. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce a liver fibrosis model in mice whereby serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated, and liver pathological alternations were assessed. Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were irritated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, followed by assessment of cell viability and migration. The levels of snail1, ALKBH5, and lysine specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C) were quantified by immunohistochemistry, western blot, or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in addition to α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-collagen type I α1 (COL1A1), vimentin, and E-cadherin. Photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation and RNA stability were evaluated to determine the relationship between ALKBH5 and snail1. Changes in KDM4C-bound ALKBH5 promoter and enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) at the ALKBH5 promoter were determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS In fibrosis mice, snail1 was upregulated while ALKBH5 and KDM4C were downregulated. KDM4C overexpression reduced serum ALT and AST levels, liver injury, and α-SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN expressions but increased E-cadherin expression. However, the aforementioned trends were reversed by concurrent overexpression of snail1. In HSC-T6 cells exposed to TGF-β1, ALKBH5 overexpression weakened cell viability and migration, downregulated α-SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN, upregulated E-CADHERIN, and decreased m6A modification of snail1 and its mRNA stability. KDM4C increased ALKBH5 expression by lowering H3K9me3 level, but inhibited HSC-T6 cell activation by regulating the ALKBH5/snail1 axis. CONCLUSION KDM4C decreases H3K9me3 methylation to upregulate ALKBH5 and subsequently inhibits snail1, ultimately impeding liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Qing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng Xuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Fan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Fang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Expression and Function of BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043473. [PMID: 36834884 PMCID: PMC9964332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptors (TGF-β1Rs). BAMBI lacks a kinase domain and functions as a TGF-β1R antagonist. Essential processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation are regulated by TGF-β1R signaling. TGF-β is the best-studied ligand of TGF-βRs and has an eminent role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is the end stage of almost all chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and at the moment, there is no effective anti-fibrotic therapy available. Hepatic BAMBI is downregulated in rodent models of liver injury and in the fibrotic liver of patients, suggesting that low BAMBI has a role in liver fibrosis. Experimental evidence convincingly demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression is able to protect against liver fibrosis. Chronic liver diseases have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BAMBI was shown to exert tumor-promoting as well as tumor-protective functions. This review article aims to summarize relevant studies on hepatic BAMBI expression and its role in chronic liver diseases and HCC.
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Ubiquitin specific peptidase 1 promotes hepatic fibrosis through positive regulation of CXCL1 by deubiquitinating SNAIL. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:91-102. [PMID: 33926817 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is attributed to an imbalance of extracellular matrix production and lysis. Human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been uncovered to converge through complex interactions with hepatocytes and immune cells, causing scarring in liver damage. AIMS We aimed to investigate the expression status of ubiquitin specific peptidase 1 (USP1) and its potential mechanisms on HSCs and hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis animal and cell models were generated using mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment and HSCs LX-2 with TGF-β1 treatment. Relationships among USP1, SNAIL, and CXCL1 were identified via dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. With gain- and loss-of-experiments, CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were employed for cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS USP1 upregulated SNAIL expression through deubiquitination to increase CXCL1 expression. USP1 downregulation decreased expressions of fibrosis-related genes, suppressed proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells, which were reversed by SNAIL overexpression. The pro-fibrosis role caused by SNAIL upregulation was abolished by CXCL1 reduction. Promotive function of USP1/SNAIL/CXCL1 axis in hepatic fibrosis was further confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSION These data supported siRNA-mediated silencing of USP1 improved hepatic fibrosis through inhibition of SNAIL and CXCL1, which yields a new therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez DR, Lozano-Sepulveda SA, Delgado-Montemayor C, Waksman N, Cordero-Perez P, Rivas-Estilla AM. Turnera diffusa extract attenuates profibrotic, extracellular matrix and mitochondrial markers in activated human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Ann Hepatol 2021; 22:100281. [PMID: 33220464 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix which includes the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I (COL1α1), as well as remodeling induced by metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role. In addition, the transcription factor SNAI1 (which participates in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2, a mitochondrial marker) plays an important role in chronic liver disease. Turnera diffusa (TD), a Mexican endemic plant, has been shown to possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity in vitro. We treated human HSC (LX2 cells) with a methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa (METD) to evaluate the mechanism involved in its hepatoprotective effect measured as fibrosis modulation, EMT, and mitochondrial markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSC LX-2 cells were treated with METD (100 and 200ng/mL) alone or combined with TGF-β (10ng/mL) at different time points (24, 48, and 72h). α-SMA, COL1α1, MMP2, TIMP1, SNAI1, and MFN2 mRNAs and protein levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot analysis. RESULTS We found that METD decreases COL1α1-mRNA, α-SMA, and TIMP1 protein expression in LX2 cells treated with and TGF-β. This treatment also decreases MFN2 and TIMP1 protein expression and induces overexpression of MMP2-mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa is associated with an antifibrotic effect by decreasing profibrotic and mitochondrial markers together with the possible induction of apoptosis through SNAI1 expression in activated HSC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Raquel Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Deptartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepulveda
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Deptartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Delgado-Montemayor
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Noemí Waksman
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paula Cordero-Perez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ana María Rivas-Estilla
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Deptartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Karkampouna S, van der Helm D, Scarpa M, van Hoek B, Verspaget HW, Goumans MJ, Coenraad MJ, Kruithof BP, Kruithof-de Julio M. Oncofetal Protein CRIPTO Is Involved in Wound Healing and Fibrogenesis in the Regenerating Liver and Is Associated with the Initial Stages of Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:3325. [PMID: 34943832 PMCID: PMC8699799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncofetal protein, CRIPTO, is silenced during homeostatic postnatal life and often re-expressed in different neoplastic processes, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the reactivation of CRIPTO in pathological conditions reported in various adult tissues, the aim of this study was to explore whether CRIPTO is expressed during liver fibrogenesis and whether this is related to the disease severity and pathogenesis of fibrogenesis. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the impact of CRIPTO expression on fibrogenesis in organs with high versus low regenerative capacity, represented by murine liver fibrogenesis and adult murine heart fibrogenesis. Circulating CRIPTO levels were measured in plasma samples of patients with cirrhosis registered at the waitlist for liver transplantation (LT) and 1 year after LT. The expression of CRIPTO and fibrotic markers (αSMA, collagen type I) was determined in human liver tissues of patients with cirrhosis (on a basis of viral hepatitis or alcoholic disease), in cardiac tissue samples of patients with end-stage heart failure, and in mice with experimental liver and heart fibrosis using immuno-histochemical stainings and qPCR. Mouse models with experimental chronic liver fibrosis, induced with multiple shots of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acute liver fibrosis (one shot of CCl4), were evaluated for CRIPTO expression and fibrotic markers. CRIPTO was overexpressed in vivo (Adenoviral delivery) or functionally sequestered by ALK4Fc ligand trap in the acute liver fibrosis mouse model. Murine heart tissues were evaluated for CRIPTO and fibrotic markers in three models of heart injury following myocardial infarction, pressure overload, and ex vivo induced fibrosis. Patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis showed elevated CRIPTO levels in plasma, which decreased 1 year after LT. Cripto expression was observed in fibrotic tissues of patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis and in patients with heart failure. The expression of CRIPTO in the liver was found specifically in the hepatocytes and was positively correlated with the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score for end-stage liver disease. CRIPTO expression in the samples of cardiac fibrosis was limited and mostly observed in the interstitial cells. In the chronic and acute mouse models of liver fibrosis, CRIPTO-positive cells were observed in damaged liver areas around the central vein, which preceded the expression of αSMA-positive stellate cells, i.e., mediators of fibrosis. In the chronic mouse models, the fibrosis and CRIPTO expression were still present after 11 weeks, whereas in the acute model the liver regenerated and the fibrosis and CRIPTO expression resolved. In vivo overexpression of CRIPTO in this model led to an increase in fibrotic markers, while blockage of CRIPTO secreted function inhibited the extent of fibrotic areas and marker expression (αSMA, Collagen type I and III) and induced higher proliferation of residual healthy hepatocytes. CRIPTO expression was also upregulated in several mouse models of cardiac fibrosis. During myocardial infarction CRIPTO is upregulated initially in cardiac interstitial cells, followed by expression in αSMA-positive myofibroblasts throughout the infarct area. After the scar formation, CRIPTO expression decreased concomitantly with the αSMA expression. Temporal expression of CRIPTO in αSMA-positive myofibroblasts was also observed surrounding the coronary arteries in the pressure overload model of cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, CRIPTO expression was upregulated in interstitial myofibroblasts in hearts cultured in an ex vivo model for cardiac fibrosis. Our results are indicative for a functional role of CRIPTO in the induction of fibrogenesis as well as a potential target in the antifibrotic treatments and stimulation of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, Bern University, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Danny van der Helm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.H.); (B.v.H.); (H.W.V.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Mario Scarpa
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, Bern University, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Bart van Hoek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.H.); (B.v.H.); (H.W.V.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Hein W. Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.H.); (B.v.H.); (H.W.V.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.-J.G.); (B.P.T.K.)
| | - Minneke J. Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.H.); (B.v.H.); (H.W.V.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Boudewijn P.T. Kruithof
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.-J.G.); (B.P.T.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, Bern University, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Organoid Resource Core, Department for BioMedical Research, Bern University, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Gowripalan A, Abbott CR, McKenzie C, Chan WS, Karupiah G, Levy L, Newsome TP. Cell-to-cell spread of vaccinia virus is promoted by TGF-β-independent Smad4 signalling. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13206. [PMID: 32237038 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The induction of Smad signalling by the extracellular ligand TGF-β promotes tissue plasticity and cell migration in developmental and pathological contexts. Here, we show that vaccinia virus (VACV) stimulates the activity of Smad transcription factors and expression of TGF-β/Smad-responsive genes at the transcript and protein levels. Accordingly, infected cells share characteristics to those undergoing TGF-β/Smad-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Depletion of the Smad4 protein, a common mediator of TGF-β signalling, results in an attenuation of viral cell-to-cell spread and reduced motility of infected cells. VACV induction of TGF-β/Smad-responsive gene expression does not require the TGF-β ligand or type I and type II TGF-β receptors, suggesting a novel, non-canonical Smad signalling pathway. Additionally, the spread of ectromelia virus, a related orthopoxvirus that does not activate a TGF-β/Smad response, is enhanced by the addition of exogenous TGF-β. Together, our results indicate that VACV orchestrates a TGF-β-like response via a unique activation mechanism to enhance cell migration and promote virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gowripalan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caitlin R Abbott
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weng S Chan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gunasegaran Karupiah
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Laurence Levy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Timothy P Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yao Y, Chen R, Wang G, Zhang Y, Liu F. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells reverse EMT via TGF-β1/Smad pathway and promote repair of damaged endometrium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:225. [PMID: 31358049 PMCID: PMC6664513 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is one of the most serious complications in patients with endometrial repair disorder after injury. Currently, there is no effective treatment for IUA. Stem cell is the main candidate of new therapy, which functions mainly through paracrine mechanism. Stem-derived exosomes (Exo) play an important role in tissue injury. Here, we mainly aim to study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived Exo on repairing endometrium of IUA animal models and its effect on TGF-β1 induced EMT in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Methods Totally, 64 female rabbits were randomly divided into Sham operation group, model group, BMSC treatment group, and Exo treatment group. EMT in EECs was induced by TGF-β1. Then, EECs were treated with Exo (25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) for 24 h. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the changes in glandular number and fibrosis area. The expression levels of CK19 and VIM were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CK19, VIM, FSP-1, E-cadherin, TGF-β1, TGF-β1R, Smad 2, and P-Smad 2. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of CK19, VIM, FSP-1, E-cadherin, TGF-β1, TGF-β1R, and Smad 2. Results Compared with the model group, the number of endometrial glands was significantly increased and endometrial fibrosis area was significantly decreased in BMSC and Exo groups (P < 0.05). CK19 level significantly increased whereas VIM level significantly decreased after treatment of BMSCs and Exo (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of TGF-β1, TGF-β1R, and Smad2 mRNA were all significantly decreased after BMSC and Exo treatment (P < 0.05). Besides, phosphorylation levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1R, and Smad2 were also significantly decreased in BMSC and Exo treatment groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between BMSC and Exo treatment groups (P > 0.05). EMT was induced in EECs by 60 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. After Exo treatment for 24 h, mRNA expressions of CK-19 and E-cadherin increased, while those of VIM, FSP-1, TGF-β1, and Smad2 decreased. Additionally, protein expressions of CK-19 and E-cadherin increased, while those of VIM, FSP-1, TGF-β1, Smad2, and P-Smad2 decreased. Conclusions BMSC-derived Exo is involved in the repair of injured endometrium, with similar effect to that of BMSC, and can reverse EMT in rabbit EECs induced by TGF-β1. BMSC-derived Exo may promote endometrial repair by the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, No. 107, North Second Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, No. 107, North Second Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guowu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, No. 107, North Second Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, No. 107, North Second Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, No. 107, North Second Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, Uygur Autonomous Region, China. .,Department of Gynecology, Suining Central Hospital, No. 127 Desheng West Road, Chuanshan District, Suining, 629000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Katoch A, Suklabaidya S, Chakraborty S, Nayak D, Rasool RU, Sharma D, Mukherjee D, Faheem MM, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Senapati S, Kumar LD, Goswami A. Dual role of Par-4 in abrogation of EMT and switching on Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1102-1115. [PMID: 29672923 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event that occurs during the invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Here, we conceive a dual mechanism of Par-4-mediated inhibition of EMT and induction of MET in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. First, we demonstrate that 1,1'-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,3'-bis(5-bromoindolyl)-octyl methane (NGD16), an N-glycosylated derivative of medicinally important phytochemical 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) abrogates EMT by inducing pro-apoptotic protein Par-4. Induction of Par-4 (by NGD16 or ectopic overexpression) strongly impedes invasion with inhibition of major mesenchymal markers viz. Vimentin and Twist-1 epithelial marker- E-cadherin. Further, NGD16 triggers MET phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells by augmenting ALK2/Smad4 signaling in a Par-4-dependent manner. Conversely, siRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous Par-4 unveil reversal of MET with diminished E-cadherin expression and invasive phenotypes. Additionally, we demonstrate that intact Smad4 is essential for Par-4-mediated maintenance of E-cadherin level in MET induced cells. Notably, we imply that Par-4 induction regulates E-cadherin levels in the pancreatic cancer cells via modulating Twist-1 promoter activity. Finally, in vivo studies with syngenic mouse metastatic pancreatic cancer model reveal that NGD16 strongly suppresses metastatic burden, ascites formation, and prolongs the overall survival of animals effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Katoch
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz U Rasool
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mir M Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Cancer Biology Division, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Lekha D Kumar
- Cancer Biology Division, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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9
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Jiang FX, Harrison LC. Transient Impairment of Islet Architectural Development in Pancreas-Specific Bmpr1a-Deleted Prenatal Mice Involves Reduced Expression of E-Cadherin. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1706-1714. [PMID: 28922976 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles on the development of a large array of embryonic organs and promotes the in vitro formation of pancreatic cystoid colonies containing insulin-producing cells. However, this signaling and its underlying mechanism on in vivo development of prenatal pancreas have not been clearly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed, with a variety of techniques, the prenatal mouse pancreas after Pdx1 (the pancreas and duodenum homeobox factor 1 gene)-driving deletion of the BMP receptor type 1a gene (Bmpr1a). In this study, we report that the Pdx1-driving deletion of Bmpr1a transiently disrupted only the assembly of architectural structure of prenatal islets. The differentiation of endocrine lineage cells and the development of pancreatic acinar tissue were comparable between Bmpr1a-deleted fetuses and -undeleted Controls throughout the period examined. Molecular studies revealed that among many proteins surveyed, the key cell-cell interaction molecule E-cadherin (E-cad) only was expressed significantly less at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in Bmpr1a-deleted than Control fetal endocrine cells. We thus conclude that BMP signaling transiently regulates the expression of E-cad and the establishment of prenatal islet architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- 1 Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia , Nedlands, Australia .,2 The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- 2 The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Australia
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Grgurevic L, Erjavec I, Grgurevic I, Dumic-Cule I, Brkljacic J, Verbanac D, Matijasic M, Paljetak HC, Novak R, Plecko M, Bubic-Spoljar J, Rogic D, Kufner V, Pauk M, Bordukalo-Niksic T, Vukicevic S. Systemic inhibition of BMP1-3 decreases progression of CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Growth Factors 2017; 35:201-215. [PMID: 29482391 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1428966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive pathological process resulting in an accumulation of excess extracellular matrix proteins. We discovered that bone morphogenetic protein 1-3 (BMP1-3), an isoform of the metalloproteinase Bmp1 gene, circulates in the plasma of healthy volunteers and its neutralization decreases the progression of chronic kidney disease in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Here, we investigated the potential role of BMP1-3 in a chronic liver disease. Rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis were treated with monoclonal anti-BMP1-3 antibodies. Treatment with anti-BMP1-3 antibodies dose-dependently lowered the amount of collagen type I, downregulated the expression of Tgfb1, Itgb6, Col1a1, and Acta2 and upregulated the expression of Ctgf, Itgb1, and Dcn. Mehanistically, BMP1-3 inhibition decreased the plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1) by prevention of its activation and lowered the prodecorin production further suppressing the TGFβ1 profibrotic effect. Our results suggest that BMP1-3 inhibitors have significant potential for decreasing the progression of fibrosis in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Grgurevic
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Igor Erjavec
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- c Department of Gastroenterology , University Hospital Dubrava, Center for Scientific Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivo Dumic-Cule
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jelena Brkljacic
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mario Matijasic
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Hana Cipcic Paljetak
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Rudjer Novak
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mihovil Plecko
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jadranka Bubic-Spoljar
- b Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogic
- d Department of Laboratory Diagnosis , University Hospital Centre , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Vera Kufner
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Martina Pauk
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bordukalo-Niksic
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- a Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb, Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
- c Department of Gastroenterology , University Hospital Dubrava, Center for Scientific Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
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11
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TGF-β in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrogenesis: Updated. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang Q, Han M, Wang W, Song Y, Chen G, Wang Z, Liang Z. Downregulation of cathepsin L suppresses cancer invasion and migration by inhibiting transforming growth factor‑β‑mediated epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1851-9. [PMID: 25632968 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L, a lysosomal acid cysteine protease, was found to be overexpressed in several types of human carcinomas. However, its functional roles in tumor progression and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated a novel functional aspect of cathepsin L in regulating transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β)‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 and MCF‑7 cells and examined its possible mechanisms. We found that TGF‑β‑induced cell morphologic changes of EMT were associated with the increased protein level of cathepsin L in A549 and MCF‑7 cells, suggesting that cathepsin L may be involved in the regulation of EMT. Furthermore, we showed that silencing of cathepsin L blocked TGF‑β‑induced cell migration, invasion and actin remodeling and inhibited TGF‑β‑mediated EMT. We also demonstrated that the mechanism of how cathepsin L knockdown regulates EMT may be explained by the suppression of EMT‑inducing molecules, such as Snail, which is associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)‑AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, we proved that cathepsin L knockdown in A549 cells significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth and EMT in vivo. The results showed a new mechanism to determine cathepsin L involvement in the regulation of cancer invasion and migration. These results showed that cathepsin L knockdown is important in regulating EMT and suggest that cathepsin L may be utilized as a new target for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics against epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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13
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Bi J, Ge S. Potential roles of BMP9 in liver fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20656-67. [PMID: 25393508 PMCID: PMC4264188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common phenomenon that is associated with several pathologies and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition that leads to progressive liver dysfunction. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is the most recently discovered member of the BMP family. BMP9 bound with high affinity to activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and endoglin in non-parenchymal liver cells. In addition, BMP9 activated Smad1/Smad5/Smad8 and induced the expression of the target genes inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1), hepcidin, Snail and the co-receptor endoglin in liver cells. Although the role of BMP9 in liver fibrosis is currently poorly understood, the presence of BMP9-activated proteins and its target genes have been reported to be associated with liver fibrosis development. This review summarizes the indirect connection between BMP9 and liver fibrosis, with a focus on the BMP9 signaling pathway members ALK1, endoglin, Id1, hepcidin and Snail. The observations on the role of BMP9 in regulating liver fibrosis may help in understanding the pathology mechanisms of liver disease. Furthermore, BMP9 could be served as a potent biomarker and the target of potential therapeutic drugs to treat hepatocytes fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Shen X, Cheng S, Peng Y, Song H, Li H. Attenuation of early liver fibrosis by herbal compound "Diwu Yanggan" through modulating the balance between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:418. [PMID: 25345787 PMCID: PMC4218991 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diwu Yanggan (DWYG) is a Chinese compound herbal preparation which consists of five Chinese herbs. This study investigates the preventative effects of DWYG on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and explores its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting a 50% CCl4/soybean oil solution subcutaneously twice a week for six weeks. After six weeks of treatment, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) assay, liver tissue histological assessment and hepatic hydroxyproline assay were respectively carried out to examine the effects of DWYG on liver function and fibrosis degree. The impacts of DWYG on the expression levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin, mesenchymal marker Vimentin, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) were further examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the differences of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway activity between DWYG-treated and DWYG-untreated fibrotic liver tissues were also evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Upon DWYG treatment, the serum levels of ALT and AST, hepatic hydroxyproline content and the degree of fibrosis in CCl4-induced fibrotic model rats were dramatically declined. In accompany with the alleviation of the degree of fibrosis, DWYG treatment provoked the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in the fibrotic liver tissues, which was characterized with the up-regulation expression of E-cadherin and down-regulation expression of Vimentin. Furthermore, we observed that the expression level of TGF-β1 was reduced whereas the expression level of BMP-7 was enhanced in liver tissues of DWYG-treated rats, therefore the expression ratio of TGF-β1/BMP-7 was dramatically decreased compared to CCl4-induced fibrosis model rats. In addition, quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that after DWYG treatment the expressions of Hh ligand Shh, receptor Smo and Ptc, and transcription factor Gli1 in CCl4-induced fibrotic liver tissues were dramatically repressed. CONCLUSIONS DWYG demonstrates therapeutic potential to prevent liver fibrosis by modulating the balance between EMT and MET through reducing the expression ratio of TGF-β1/BMP-7 and inhibiting the excessive activation of Hh signaling pathway.
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