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Testai L, Montanaro R, Flori L, Pagnotta E, Vellecco V, Gorica E, Ugolini L, Righetti L, Brancaleone V, Bucci M, Piragine E, Martelli A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Calderone V. Persulfidation of mitoKv7.4 channels contributes to the cardioprotective effects of the H 2S-donor Erucin against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115728. [PMID: 37524208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter deeply involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and implicated in the myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion. The post-translational persulfidation of cysteine residues has been identified as the mechanism through which H2S regulates a plethora of biological targets. Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate produced upon hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoerucin, presents in edible plants of Brassicaceae family, such as Eruca sativa Mill., and it has emerged as a slow and long-lasting H2S-donor. AIM In this study the cardioprotective profile of ERU has been investigated and the action mechanism explored, focusing on the possible role of the recently identified mitochondrial Kv7.4 (mitoKv7.4) potassium channels. RESULTS Interestingly, ERU showed to release H2S and concentration-dependently protected H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, in in vivo model of myocardial infarct ERU showed protective effects, reducing the extension of ischemic area, the levels of troponin I and increasing the amount of total AnxA1, as well as co-related inflammatory outcomes. Conversely, the pre-treatment with XE991, a blocker of Kv7.4 channels, abolished them. In isolated cardiac mitochondria ERU exhibited the typical profile of a mitochondrial potassium channels opener, in particular, this isothiocyanate produced a mild depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, a reduction of calcium accumulation into the matrix and finally a flow of potassium ions. Finally, mitoKv7.4 channels were persulfidated in ERU-treated mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS ERU modulates the cardiac mitoKv7.4 channels and this mechanism may be relevant for cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - R Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - L Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - E Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - V Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - E Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - L Ugolini
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Righetti
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - V Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - M Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - E Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - A Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - V Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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He B, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Duan X, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, He K, Nice EC, He W, Gao W, Shen Z. Protein persulfidation: Rewiring the hydrogen sulfide signaling in cell stress response. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115444. [PMID: 36736962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed significant progress in the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule in mammalian physiology, akin to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. As the third gasotransmitter, H2S is now known to exert a wide range of physiological and cytoprotective functions in the biological systems. However, endogenous H2S concentrations are usually low, and its potential biologic mechanisms responsible have not yet been fully clarified. Recently, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that protein persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH) elicited by H2S, is a fundamental mechanism of H2S-mediated signaling pathways. Persulfidation, as a biological switch for protein function, plays an important role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis in response to various internal and external stress stimuli and is also implicated in numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this review, the biological significance of protein persulfidation by H2S in cell stress response is reviewed providing a framework for understanding the multifaceted roles of H2S. A mechanism-guided perspective can help open novel avenues for the exploitation of therapeutics based on H2S-induced persulfidation in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China.
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Hydropersulfides (RSSH) Outperform Post-Conditioning and Other Reactive Sulfur Species in Limiting Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Mouse Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051010. [PMID: 35624878 PMCID: PMC9137952 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits protective effects in cardiovascular disease such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. Despite these findings, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that H2S can modulate protein activity through redox-based post-translational modifications of protein cysteine residues forming hydropersulfides (RSSH). Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species, including RSSH and polysulfides, exhibit cardioprotective action. However, it is not clear yet whether there are any pharmacological differences in the use of H2S vs. RSSH and/or polysulfides. This study aims to examine the differing cardioprotective effects of distinct reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as H2S, RSSH, and dialkyl trisulfides (RSSSR) compared with canonical ischemic post-conditioning in the context of a Langendorff ex-vivo myocardial I/R injury model. For the first time, a side-by-side study has revealed that exogenous RSSH donation is a superior approach to maintain post-ischemic function and limit infarct size when compared with other RSS and mechanical post-conditioning. Our results also suggest that RSSH preserves mitochondrial respiration in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation via inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation while preserving cell viability.
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Protective effect of intermediate doses of hydrogen sulfide against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2020; 256:117855. [PMID: 32473245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have lower circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels following myocardial ischemia and a higher risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent favorable effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose of streptozotocin. Rats were divided into control, T2D, and T2D + NaSH groups. NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 9 weeks. At the end of the study, heart from all rats were isolated and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the peak rates of positive and negative changes in LV pressure (±dp/dt) were recorded during baseline and following myocardial IR injury. In addition, infarct size as well as mRNA expression of H2S- and nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzymes were measured. RESULTS In diabetic rats, NaSH only at doses of 0.56 and 1.6 mg/kg increased recovery of LVDP (16% and 42%), +dp/dt (25% and 35%) and -dp/dt (23% and 32%) as well as decreased infarct size (44% and 35%). At these doses, NaSH increased expressions of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) (440% and 271%) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (232% and 148%) but it decreased the expressions of inducible NOS (iNOS) (55% and 71%). NaSH at 0.28, 2.8 and 5.6 mg/kg had no significant effects on these parameters. CONCLUSION NaSH had a bell-shaped cardioprotective effect against myocardial IR injury in rats with T2D. Higher tolerance to IR injury in heart isolated from type 2 diabetic rats treated with intermediate doses of NaSH is associated with higher CSE-derived H2S and eNOS-derived NO as well as lower iNOS-derived NO.
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Dose-Dependent Effects of Long-Term Administration of Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Male Wistar Rats: Modulation of RKIP, NF-κB, and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041415. [PMID: 32093102 PMCID: PMC7073056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased circulating levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are associated with higher mortality following myocardial ischemia. This study aimed at determining the long-term dose-dependent effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Male rats were divided into control and NaSH groups that were treated for 9 weeks with daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg), respectively. At the end of the study, hearts from all rats were isolated and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during baseline and following IR. In isolated hearts, infarct size, oxidative stress indices as well as mRNA expression of H2S-, nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzymes, and inflammatory markers were measured. In heart tissue following IR, low doses of NaSH (0.28 and 0.56 mg/kg) had no effect, whereas an intermediate dose (1.6 mg/kg), improved recovery of hemodynamic parameters, decreased infarct size, and decreased oxidative stress. It also increased expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS), as well as decreased expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). At the high dose of 5.6 mg/kg, NaSH administration was associated with worse recovery of hemodynamic parameters and increased infarct size as well as increased oxidative stress. This dose also decreased expression of CSE, RKIP, and eNOS and increased expression of iNOS and NF-κB. In conclusion, chronic treatment with NaSH has a U-shaped concentration effect on IR injury in heart tissue. An intermediate dose was associated with higher CSE-derived H2S, lower iNOS-derived NO, lower oxidative stress, and inflammation in heart tissue following IR.
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Chen Y, Zhao L, Jiang S, Hu Z, Hu B, Tong F, Shen R. Cystathionine γ-Lyase Is Involved in the Renoprotective Effect of Brief and Repeated Ischemic Postconditioning After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes Mellitus. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1549-1557. [PMID: 29880385 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the protective effects of brief and repeated ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) are associated with the modulation of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) expression after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We subjected diabetic rats to 45 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion at 24 hours. Before reperfusion, diabetic rats were treated with 3 cycles of 6 seconds of reperfusion, followed by 6 seconds of ischemia. DL-Propargylglycine (PAG, a CSE inhibitor) was administered to the diabetic rats to investigate its effects on the severity of renal I/R injury in diabetes mellitus (DM). Blood samples and left kidneys were collected for the measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels and renal pathologic changes. Western blot and immunochemistry techniques were also performed for the localization of CSE. Levels of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were quantified using commercially available kits. RESULTS The results showed that BUN and SCr levels increased on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) in the DM group. Diabetic rats treated with IPoC exhibited significantly less renal damage on I/R. Kit measurements showed that IPoC could markedly inhibit the levels of MDA and TNF-α and also improve SOD and H2S levels. Western blot and immunochemistry showed that expression of CSE was downregulated on I/R in the DM group and IPoC upregulated CSE expression, whereas PAG treatment resulted in opposite effects. CONCLUSION Our findings show that brief and repeated IPoC increased the expression of CSE after I/R in DM, and the modulation of CSE may underlie the renoprotective effect of IPoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - L Zhao
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - S Jiang
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Z Hu
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - B Hu
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - F Tong
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - R Shen
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Abstract
Rapid admission and acute interventional treatment combined with modern antithrombotic pharmacologic therapy have improved outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The next major target to further advance outcomes needs to address ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may contribute significantly to the final infarct size and hence mortality and postinfarction heart failure. Mechanical conditioning strategies including local and remote ischemic pre-, per-, and postconditioning have demonstrated consistent cardioprotective capacities in experimental models of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Their translation to the clinical scenario has been challenging. At present, the most promising mechanical protection strategy of the heart seems to be remote ischemic conditioning, which increases myocardial salvage beyond acute reperfusion therapy. An additional aspect that has gained recent focus is the potential of extended conditioning strategies to improve physical rehabilitation not only after an acute ischemia-reperfusion event such as acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery but also in patients with heart failure. Experimental and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that remote ischemic conditioning may modify cardiac remodeling and additionally enhance skeletal muscle strength therapy to prevent muscle waste, known as an inherent component of a postoperative period and in heart failure. Blood flow restriction exercise and enhanced external counterpulsation may represent cardioprotective corollaries. Combined with exercise, remote ischemic conditioning or, alternatively, blood flow restriction exercise may be of aid in optimizing physical rehabilitation in populations that are not able to perform exercise practice at intensity levels required to promote optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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Karwi QG, Bice JS, Baxter GF. Pre- and postconditioning the heart with hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:6. [PMID: 29242986 PMCID: PMC5730622 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conditioning-like infarct limitation by enhanced level of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been demonstrated in many animal models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in vivo. We sought to evaluate the effect of H2S on myocardial infarction across in vivo pre-clinical studies of MIRI using a comprehensive systematic review followed by meta-analysis. Embase, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for pre-clinical investigation of the effect of H2S on MIRI in vivo. Retained records (6031) were subjected to our pre-defined inclusion criteria then were objectively critiqued. Thirty-two reports were considered eligible to be included in this study and were grouped, based on the time of H2S application, into preconditioning and postconditioning groups. Data were pooled using random effect meta-analysis. We also investigated the possible impact of different experimental variables and the risk of bias on the observed effect size. Preconditioning with H2S (n = 23) caused a significant infarct limitation of - 20.25% (95% CI - 25.02, - 15.47). Similarly, postconditioning with H2S (n = 40) also limited infarct size by - 21.61% (95% CI - 24.17, - 19.05). This cardioprotection was also robust and consistent following sensitivity analyses where none of the pre-defined experimental variables had a significant effect on the observed infarct limitation. H2S shows a significant infarct limitation across in vivo pre-clinical studies of MIRI which include data from 825 animals. This infarct-sparing effect is robust and consistent when H2S is applied before ischemia or at reperfusion, independently on animal size or sulfide source. Validating this infarct limitation using large animals from standard medical therapy background and with co-morbidities should be the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq.
| | - Justin S Bice
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Gary F Baxter
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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H 2S and homocysteine control a novel feedback regulation of cystathionine beta synthase and cystathionine gamma lyase in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623294 PMCID: PMC5473925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a cardioprotective gas, is endogenously produced from homocysteine by cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) enzymes. However, effect of H2S or homocysteine on CBS and CSE expression, and cross-talk between CBS and CSE are unclear. We hypothesize that homocysteine and H2S regulate CBS and CSE expressions in a dose dependent manner in cardiomyocytes, and CBS deficiency induces cardiac CSE expression. To test the hypothesis, we treated murine atrial HL1 cardiomyocytes with increasing doses of homocysteine or Na2S/GYY4137, a H2S donor, and measured the levels of CBS and CSE. We found that homocysteine upregulates CSE but downregulates CBS whereas Na2S/GYY4137 downregulates CSE but upregulates CBS in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the Na2S-treatment downregulates specificity protein-1 (SP1), an inducer for CSE, and upregulates miR-133a that targets SP1 and inhibits cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Conversely, in the homocysteine-treated cardiomyocytes, CBS and miR-133a were downregulated and hypertrophy was induced. In vivo studies using CBS+/-, a model for hyperhomocysteinemia, and sibling CBS+/+ control mice revealed that deficiency of CBS upregulates cardiac CSE, plausibly by inducing SP1. In conclusion, we revealed a novel mechanism for H2S-mediated regulation of homocysteine metabolism in cardiomyocytes, and a negative feedback regulation between CBS and CSE in the heart.
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Sliwowski Z, Pajdo R, Ginter G, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Gastric Mucosa against the Formation and Time-Dependent Development of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lesions Progressing into Deeper Ulcerations. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020295. [PMID: 28212299 PMCID: PMC6155792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous mediator, synthesized from l-cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The mechanism(s) involved in H2S-gastroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions and their time-dependent progression into deeper gastric ulcerations have been little studied. We determined the effect of l-cysteine, H2S-releasing NaHS or slow H2S releasing compound GYY4137 on gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastric lesions induced by 30 min of I followed by 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of R. Role of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs), afferent sensory nerves releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the gastric expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and anti-oxidative enzymes were examined. Rats with or without capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves were pretreated i.g. with vehicle, NaHS (18–180 μmol/kg) GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg) or l-cysteine (0.8–80 μmol/kg) alone or in combination with (1) indomethacin (14 μmol/kg i.p.), SC-560 (14 μmol/kg), celecoxib (26 μmol/kg); (2) capsazepine (13 μmol/kg i.p.); and (3) CGRP (2.5 nmol/kg i.p.). The area of I/R-induced gastric lesions and GBF were measured by planimetry and H2-gas clearance, respectively. Expression of mRNA for CSE, CBS, 3-MST, HIF-1α, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and sulfide production in gastric mucosa compromised by I/R were determined by real-time PCR and methylene blue method, respectively. NaHS and l-cysteine dose-dependently attenuated I/R-induced lesions while increasing the GBF, similarly to GYY4137 (90 μmol/kg). Capsaicin denervation and capsazepine but not COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors reduced NaHS- and l-cysteine-induced protection and hyperemia. NaHS increased mRNA expression for SOD-2 and GPx-1 but not that for HIF-1α. NaHS which increased gastric mucosal sulfide release, prevented further progression of acute I/R injury into deeper gastric ulcers at 6, 24 and 48 h of R. We conclude that H2S-induced gastroprotection against I/R-injury is due to increase in gastric microcirculation, anti-oxidative properties and afferent sensory nerves activity but independent on endogenous prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Genetic Research and Nutrigenomics, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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12
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Pharmacological postconditioning against myocardial infarction with a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide donor, GYY4137. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:442-451. [PMID: 27378570 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury but the mechanism of action is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of GYY4137, a slow-releasing H2S donor, on myocardial infarction given specifically at reperfusion and the signalling pathway involved. Thiobutabarbital-anesthetised rats were subjected to 30min of left coronary artery occlusion and 2h reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium staining. In the first study, animals randomly received either no treatment or GYY4137 (26.6, 133 or 266μmolkg(-1)) by intravenous injection 10min before reperfusion. In a second series, involvement of PI3K and NO signalling were interrogated by concomitant administration of LY294002 or L-NAME respectively and the effects on the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 during early reperfusion were assessed by immunoblotting. GYY4137 266μmolkg(-1) significantly limited infarct size by 47% compared to control hearts (P<0.01). In GYY4137-treated hearts, phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS and GSK-3β was increased 2.8, 2.2 and 2.2 fold respectively at early reperfusion. Co-administration of L-NAME and GYY4137 attenuated the cardioprotection afforded by GYY4137, associated with attenuated phosphorylation of eNOS. LY294002 totally abrogated the infarct-limiting effect of GYY4137 and inhibited Akt, eNOS and GSK-3β phosphorylation. These data are the first to demonstrate that GYY4137 protects the heart against lethal reperfusion injury through activation of PI3K/Akt signalling, with partial dependency on NO signalling and inhibition of GSK-3β during early reperfusion. H2S-based therapeutic approaches may have value as adjuncts to reperfusion in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
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13
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Liu MH, Zhang Y, He J, Tan TP, Wu SJ, Guo DM, He H, Peng J, Tang ZH, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen sulfide protects H9c2 cardiac cells against doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1661-8. [PMID: 27081862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficient drug used in cancer therapy that also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces severe cytotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects. The present study aimed to determine whether exogenous H2S protects H9c2 cardiac cells against DOX-induced cytotoxicity and whether these protective effects are mediated through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. The H9c2 cardiac cells were exposed to 5 µM DOX for 24 h to establish a model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The results showed that the treatment of H9c2 cardiac cells with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) for 30 min prior to DOX exposure markedly attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a. Notably, pre-treatment of the H9c2 cells with NaHS significantly attenuated the nuclear localization of FoxO3a as well as the apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by DOX. The treatment of H9c2 cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of ROS, prior to DOX exposure, also markedly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a which was inhibited by DOX alone. Furthermore, pre-treatment with LY294002, a selective inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, reversed the protective effect of H2S against DOX-induced injury of cardiomyocytes, as demonstrated by an increased number of apoptotic cells, a decrease in cell viability and the reduced phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a. These findings suggested that exogenous H2S attenuates DOX-induced cytotoxic effects in H9c2 cardiac cells through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mawangdui Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ping Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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14
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Heusch G. Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ischemic and Pharmacological Postconditioning. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1123-45. [PMID: 26140711 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Timely reperfusion is the only way to salvage ischemic myocardium from impending infarction. However, reperfusion also adds a further component to myocardial injury such that the ultimate infarct size is the result of both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury. Modification of reperfusion can attenuate reperfusion injury and thus reduce infarct size. Ischemic postconditioning is a maneuver of repeated brief interruption of reperfusion by short-lasting coronary occlusions which results in reduced infarct size. Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning is mediated through delayed reversal of acidosis and the activation of a complex signal transduction cascade, including triggers such as adenosine, bradykinin, and opioids, mediators such as protein kinases and, notably, mitochondrial function as effector. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore appears to be a final signaling step of ischemic postconditioning. Several drugs which recruit in part such signaling steps of ischemic postconditioning can induce cardioprotection, even when the drug is only administered at reperfusion, that is, there is also pharmacological postconditioning. Ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning have been translated to patients with acute myocardial infarction in proof-of-concept studies, but further mechanistic insight is needed to optimize the conditions and algorithms of cardioprotection by postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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15
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Sun J, Aponte AM, Menazza S, Gucek M, Steenbergen C, Murphy E. Additive cardioprotection by pharmacological postconditioning with hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide donors in mouse heart: S-sulfhydration vs. S-nitrosylation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:96-106. [PMID: 26907390 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a gaseous signalling molecule, has been found to play important roles in postconditioning (PostC)-induced cardioprotection. Similar to nitric oxide (NO)-mediated protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), recent studies suggest that H2S could regulate protein function through another redox-based post-translational modification on protein cysteine residue(s), i.e. S-sulfhydration (SSH). In this study, we examined whether there are changes in protein SSH associated with cardioprotection induced by treatment with H2S on reperfusion. In addition, we also examined whether there is cross talk between H2S and NO. Compared with control, treatment on reperfusion with NaHS (H2S donor, 100 µmol/L) significantly reduced post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction and infarct size. A comparable cardioprotective effect could be also achieved by reperfusion treatment with SNAP (NO donor, 10 µmol/L). Interestingly, simultaneous reperfusion with both donors had an additive protective effect. In addition, C-PTIO (NO scavenger, 20 µmol/L) eliminated the protection induced by NaHS and also the additive protection by SNAP + NaHS together. Using a modified biotin switch method, we observed a small increase in SSH following NaHS treatment on reperfusion. We also found that NaHS treatment on reperfusion increases SNO to a level comparable to that with SNAP treatment. In addition, there was an additive increase in SNO but not SSH when SNAP and NaHS were added together at reperfusion. Thus, part of the benefit of NaHS is an increase in SNO, and the magnitude of the protective effect is related to the magnitude of the increase in SNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sun
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/Room 8N206, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel M Aponte
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Menazza
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/Room 8N206, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/Room 8N206, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Liu MH, Lin XL, Yuan C, He J, Tan TP, Wu SJ, Yu S, Chen L, Liu J, Tian W, Chen YD, Fu HY, Li J, Zhang Y. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of peroxiredoxin III in H9c2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:367-72. [PMID: 26573464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, which can give rise to severe cardiotoxicity, limiting its clinical use. Preliminary evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may exert protective effects on DOX‑induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether peroxiredoxin III is involved in the cardioprotection of H2S against DOX‑induced cardiotoxicity. The results demonstrated that DOX not only markedly induced injuries, including cytotoxicity and apoptosis, it also increased the expression levels of peroxiredoxin III. Notably, pretreatment with sodium hydrosulfide significantly attenuated the DOX‑induced decrease in cell viability and increase in apoptosis, and also reversed the increased expression levels of peroxiredoxin III in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In addition, pretreatment of the H9c2 cells with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, prior to exposure to DOX markedly decreased the expression levels of peroxiredoxin III. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that exogenous H2S attenuates DOX‑induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of peroxiredoxin III in H9c2 cells. In the present study, the apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes was assessed using an methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Hoechst staining. The levels of Prx III and cystathionine-γ-lyase were examined by western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ping Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Bo'ai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mawangdui Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
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17
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LIU MIHUA, LIN XIAOLONG, ZHANG YUAN, HE JUN, TAN TIANPING, WU SHAOJIAN, LIU JUN, TIAN WEI, CHEN LI, YU SHAN, LI JIAN, YUAN CONG. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in H9c2 cardiac myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6841-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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LIU MIHUA, ZHANG YUAN, LIN XIAOLONG, HE JUN, TAN TIANPING, WU SHAOJIAN, YU SHAN, CHEN LI, CHEN YUDAN, FU HONGYUN, YUAN CONG, LI JIAN. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting calreticulin expression in H9c2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5197-202. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Huang S, Li H, Ge J. A cardioprotective insight of the cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:51-57. [PMID: 28785645 PMCID: PMC5497180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was simply considered as a toxic and foul smelling gas, but recently H2S been brought into the spot light of cardiovascular research and development. Since the 1990s, H2S has been mounting evidence of physiological properties such as immune modification, vascular relaxation, attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory mitigation, and angiogenesis. H2S has since been recognized as the third physiological gaseous signaling molecule, along with CO and NO [65,66]. H2S is produced endogenously through several key enzymes, including cystathionine β-lyase (CBE), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST)/cysteine aminotransferase (CAT). These specific enzymes are expressed accordingly in various organ systems and CSE is the predominant H2S-producing enzyme in the cardiovascular system. The cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/H2S pathway has demonstrated various cardioprotective effects, including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypertension, pro-angiogenesis, and attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. CSE exhibits its anti-atherosclerotic effect through 3 mechanisms, namely reduction of chemotactic factor inter cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CX3CR1, inhibition of macrophage lipid uptake, and induction of smooth muscle cell apoptosis via MAPK pathway. The CSE/H2S pathway's anti-hypertensive properties are demonstrated via aortic vasodilation through several mechanisms, including the direct stimulation of KATP channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), induction of MAPK pathway, and reduction of homocysteine buildup. Also, CSE/H2S pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis, particularly in increased endothelial cell growth and migration, and in increased vascular network length. In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries, CSE/H2S pathway has shown a clear cardioprotective effect by preserving mitochondria function, increasing antioxidant production, and decreasing infarction injury size. However, CSE/H2S pathway's role in inflammation mitigation is still clouded, due to both pro and anti-inflammatory results presented in the literature, depending on the concentration and form of H2S used in specific experiment models.
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Key Words
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Angiogenesis
- Atherosclerosis
- BCA, brachiocephalic artery
- CAM, chorioallantoic membrane
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine β-lyase
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- CSE KO, CSE knock out
- CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase
- CTO, chronic total occlusion
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C Motif) ligand 1
- CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1
- Cystathionine γ-lyase
- EC, endothelial cell
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- GYY4137, morpholin-4-Ium-4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Hydrogen sulfide
- ICAM-1, inter cellular adhesion molecule-1
- IMT, intima–media complex thickness
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAG, DL-propagylglycine
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PTPN1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S-diclofenac, 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-5-Yl)-phenyl ester
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- Vasorelaxation
- l-NAME, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester
- oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/CVRL, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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21
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Olas B. Hydrogen sulfide in signaling pathways. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:212-8. [PMID: 25444740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For a long time hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was considered a toxic compound, but recently H₂S (at low concentrations) has been found to play an important function in physiological processes. Hydrogen sulfide, like other well-known compounds - nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous intracellular signal transducer. It regulates the cell cycle, apoptosis and the oxidative stress. Moreover, its functions include neuromodulation, regulation of cardiovascular system and inflammation. In this review, I focus on the metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (including enzymatic pathways of H₂S synthesis from l- and d-cysteine) and its signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. I also describe how hydrogen sulfide may be used as therapeutic agent, i.e. in the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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22
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Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Rassaf T, Schulz R, Papapetropoulos A, Ferdinandy P. The role of gasotransmitters NO, H2S and CO in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1587-606. [PMID: 24923364 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of cardioprotective therapeutic agents remains a partly unmet need and a challenge for both medicine and industry, with significant financial and social implications. Protection of the myocardium can be achieved by mechanical vascular occlusions such as preconditioning (PC), when brief episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) are experienced prior to ischaemia; postconditioning (PostC), when the brief episodes are experienced at the immediate onset of reperfusion; and remote conditioning (RC), when the brief episodes are experienced in another vascular territory. The elucidation of the signalling pathways, which underlie the protective effects of PC, PostC and RC, would be expected to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent reperfusion injury. Gasotransmitters including NO, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are a growing family of regulatory molecules that affect physiological and pathological functions. NO, H2S and CO share several common properties; they are beneficial at low concentrations but hazardous in higher amounts; they relax smooth muscle cells, inhibit apoptosis and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In the cardiovascular system, NO, H2S and CO induce vasorelaxation and promote cardioprotection. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge on the role of the gasotransmitters NO, H2S and CO in myocardial I/R injury and cardioprotection provided by conditioning strategies and highlight future perspectives in cardioprotection by NO, H2S, CO, as well as their donor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as a modulator of hemostatic parameters of plasma. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:20-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Hydrogen sulfide in hemostasis: Friend or foe? Chem Biol Interact 2014; 217:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Effects of DL-homocysteine thiolactone on cardiac contractility, coronary flow, and oxidative stress markers in the isolated rat heart: the role of different gasotransmitters. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:318471. [PMID: 24350259 PMCID: PMC3857920 DOI: 10.1155/2013/318471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considering the adverse effects of DL-homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride (DL-Hcy TLHC) on vascular function and the possible role of oxidative stress in these mechanisms, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of DL-Hcy TLHC alone and in combination with specific inhibitors of important gasotransmitters, such as L-NAME, DL-PAG, and PPR IX, on cardiac contractility, coronary flow, and oxidative stress markers in an isolated rat heart. The hearts were retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique at a 70 cm H2O and administered 10 μM DL-Hcy TLHC alone or in combination with 30 μM L-NAME, 10 μM DL-PAG, or 10 μM PPR IX. The following parameters were measured: dp/dt max, dp/dt min, SLVP, DLVP, MBP, HR, and CF. Oxidative stress markers were measured spectrophotometrically in coronary effluent through TBARS, NO2, O2−, and H2O2 concentrations. The administration of DL-Hcy TLHC alone decreased dp/dt max, SLVP, and CF but did not change any oxidative stress parameters. DL-Hcy TLHC with L-NAME decreased CF, O2−, H2O2, and TBARS. The administration of DL-Hcy TLHC with DL-PAG significantly increased dp/dt max but decreased DLVP, CF, and TBARS. Administration of DL-Hcy TLHC with PPR IX caused a decrease in dp/dt max, SLVP, HR, CF, and TBARS.
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