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Singh P, Rajput M, Pandey M. Tumor hypoxia and role of hypoxia-inducible factor in oral cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38200568 PMCID: PMC10782715 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in Asian males with a poor prognosis. Apart from well-known prognostic indicators, markers of tumor hypoxia can help us predict response to treatment and survival. METHODS A review of the literature on the present evidence and potential clinical importance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer was carried out. The data obtained from the literature search is presented as a narrative review. RESULTS The literature shows possible associations between prognosis and low tumor oxygenation. Intermediate hypoxia biomarkers like HIF-1, GLUT-1, miRNA, and lactate, can help in predicting the response to therapy and survival as their altered expression is related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia is common in HNC and can be detected by use of biomarkers. The tumors that show expression of hypoxia biomarkers have poor prognosis except for patients with human papilloma virus-associated or VHL-associated cancers. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia is emerging; however, it is still in its nascent stage, with increasing clinical trials hypoxia is set to emerge as an attractive therapeutic target in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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2
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Overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relation with Aggressiveness and Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030451. [PMID: 36766555 PMCID: PMC9914882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis in several cancer types. There is however conflicting evidence of HIF-1α expression with oral cancer prognosis. Therefore, this study set out to investigate HIF-1α overexpression and its relationship with the aggressiveness and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the diagnostic potential of HIF-1α overexpression in OSCC in a cohort of Pakistani patients. Immunostaining of HIF-1α was performed on 54 OSCC and 14 normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissue samples and various cut-offs were used to evaluate its immunohistochemical expression. HIF-1α expression in OSCC samples was significantly higher than in controls, with minimal immunoreactivity in NOM. HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.046). However, no association was found between HIF-1α overexpression and increasing Broder's histological grade or TNM stage. The cut-off >10% cells with moderate to marked intensity carried a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100% to distinguish between tumor and control. ROC curve analysis of HIF-1α weighted histoscores showedHIF-1α overexpression as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.833). HIF-1α overexpression is a tumor-specific finding associated with increased tumor size and carries a potential diagnostic role.
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HypoxaMIRs: Key Regulators of Hallmarks of Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121895. [PMID: 35741024 PMCID: PMC9221210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in cancer is a thoroughly studied phenomenon, and the logical cause of the reduction in oxygen tension is tumor growth itself. While sustained hypoxia leads to death by necrosis in cells, there is an exquisitely regulated mechanism that rescues hypoxic cells from their fatal fate. The accumulation in the cytoplasm of the transcription factor HIF-1α, which, under normoxic conditions, is marked for degradation by a group of oxygen-sensing proteins known as prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) in association with the von Hippel-Lindau anti-oncogene (VHL) is critical for the cell, as it regulates different mechanisms through the genes it induces. A group of microRNAs whose expression is regulated by HIF, collectively called hypoxaMIRs, have been recognized. In this review, we deal with the hypoxaMIRs that have been shown to be expressed in colorectal cancer. Subsequently, using data mining, we analyze a panel of hypoxaMIRs expressed in both normal and tumor tissues obtained from TCGA. Finally, we assess the impact of these hypoxaMIRs on cancer hallmarks through their target genes.
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PRKCA Overexpression Is Frequent in Young Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092082. [PMID: 33923093 PMCID: PMC8123332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCCs) have an increasing incidence in young patients, and many have an aggressive course of disease. The objective of this study was to identify candidate prognostic protein markers associated with early-onset OTSCC. We performed an exploratory screening for differential protein expression in younger (≤45 years) versus older (>45 years) OTSCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 97). Expression of candidate markers was then validated in an independent Austrian OTSCC patient group (n = 34) by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were computed, and genomic and mRNA enrichment in silico analyses were performed. Overexpression of protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) was significantly more frequent among young patients of both the TCGA (p = 0.0001) and the Austrian cohort (p = 0.02), associated with a negative anamnesis for alcohol consumption (p = 0.009) and tobacco smoking (p = 0.02) and poorer overall survival (univariate p = 0.02, multivariate p< 0.01). Within the young subgroup, both overall and disease-free survival were significantly decreased in patients with PRKCA overexpression (both p < 0.001). TCGA mRNA enrichment analysis revealed 332 mRNAs with significant differential expression in PRKCA-upregulated versus PRKCA-downregulated OTSCC (all FDR ≤ 0.01). Our findings suggest that PRKCA overexpression may be a hallmark of a novel molecular subtype of early-onset alcohol- and tobacco-negative high-risk OTSCC. Further analysis of the molecular PRKCA interactome may decipher the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis and clinicopathological behavior of PRKCA-overexpressing OTSCC.
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Wang J, Yan GP, Guo C, Li J. [Expression and significance of microRNA-125b in tongue squamous cell carcinoma]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:11-16. [PMID: 32037760 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The expression of microRNA-125b in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) was detected and analyzed for its relationship with the clinicopathological features of TSCC. METHODS Real time fluorescence-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of microRNA-125b in 35 TSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 35 TSCC cases. The relationship between the expression of microRNA-125b in TSCC tissues and the clinicopathological features of patients with TSCC was analyzed. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to detect the expression level of microRNA-125b gene in the TSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression levels of microRNA-125b in the TSCC issues was 2.32±0.69, and that of normal tissues was 0.87±0.32. The statistical results showed that the expression level of microRNA-125b was significantly higher in the TSCC tissues than in the normal tissues (P<0.001). The expression level of microRNA-125b in the TSCC tissues was not significantly correlated with age, gender, pathological grade, and lymph node metastasis but was positively correlated with TNM stage. Patients with high TNM stage had high microRNA-125b expression levels (P<0.05). The ISH results showed that the expression levels of microRNA-125b in the TSCC tissues were 0.010±0.003, and that of normal tissues was 0.004±0.001. The expression levels of microRNA-125b in the 35 TSCC tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal tissues (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-125b is highly expressed in TSCC and associated with TNM stage, suggesting that high microRNA-125b expression may be involved in the development of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Guang-Peng Yan
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
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Panarese I, Aquino G, Ronchi A, Longo F, Montella M, Cozzolino I, Roccuzzo G, Colella G, Caraglia M, Franco R. Oral and Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and predictive parameters in the etiopathogenetic route. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:105-119. [PMID: 30582397 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1561288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC) represents an increasing problem in the global public health. Indeed, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy in oral cavity and 1 of the 10 most common cancers worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN estimate in Europe between 2012 and 2015, there was an overall increasing incidence and mortality for oral cancer, mostly HPV-related in the oropharyngeal region with evidence of significant differences from the prognostic and therapeutic point of view. Areas covered: Until now, the management of the patients is based on classical histologic parameters such as TNM and tumor grading, but new molecular and cell markers have been investigated to improve patients' treatment and survival. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers characterizing the cancer diversity, with the consequent possibility of patient stratification for specific treatment. Expert commentary: This review aims to discuss some of the most relevant and novel genetic, epigenetic, and histological prognostic biomarkers in oral cancer, highlighting the main differences between HPV-unrelated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) that may aid in stratifying prognostic subgroups and rationalizing treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Panarese
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- b Pathology Unit , Istituto dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- c Head and Neck Surgery Unit , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roccuzzo
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- d Maxillo-Facial Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- e Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
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Hussein AA, Forouzanfar T, Bloemena E, de Visscher J, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR, Helder MN. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:724-736. [PMID: 30131545 PMCID: PMC6173763 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great interest in developing biomarkers to enhance early detection and clinical management of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the developmental path towards a clinically valid biomarker remains extremely challenging. Ideally, the initial key step in moving a newly discovered biomarker towards clinical implementation is independent replication. Therefore, the focus of this review is on biomarkers that consistently showed clinical relevance in two or more publications. METHODS We searched PubMed database for relevant papers across different TSCC sample sources, i.e., body fluids (saliva, serum/plasma) and tissues. No restriction regarding the date of publication was applied except for immunohistochemistry (IHC); only studies published between 2010 and June 2017 were included. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1429 abstracts, of which 96 papers, examining 150 biomarkers, were eventually included. Of these papers, 66% were exploratory studies evaluating single or a panel of biomarkers in one publication. Ultimately, based on studies that had undergone validation for their clinical relevance in at least two independent studies, we identified 10 promising candidates, consisting of different types of molecules (IL-6, IL-8, and Prolactin in liquid samples; HIF-1α, SOX2, E-cadherin, vimentin, MALAT1, TP53, and NOTCH1 in tissue biopsies) CONCLUSIONS: Although more exploratory research is needed with newer methods to identify biomarkers for TSCC, rigorous validation of biomarkers that have already shown unbiased assessment in at least two publications should be considered a high priority. Further research on these promising biomarkers or their combination in multi-institutional studies, could provide new possibilities to develop a specific panel for early diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A Hussein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jgam de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Barar J, Nazemiyeh H, Omidi Y. Cell physiology regulation by hypoxia inducible factor-1: Targeting oxygen-related nanomachineries of hypoxic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:46-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhou J, Huang S, Wang L, Yuan X, Dong Q, Zhang D, Wang X. Clinical and prognostic significance of HIF-1α overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:104. [PMID: 28521842 PMCID: PMC5437521 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated an association between hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, definitive evidence of this association is yet to be obtained. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients with OSCC. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies published in English language as of February 05, 2016, was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Eighteen studies with a combined study population of 1474 patients with OSCC are included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects model or fixed-effects model. RESULTS HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.49-3.50, P = 0.017), advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.50-3.49, P = 0.158), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.19-3.53, P < 0.001), but not with poor differentiation (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.55-2.64, P = 0.024). These results demonstrated an association between HIF-1α expression and biological behavior of OSCC. On pooled analyses, high expression of HIF-1α was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.10-2.61, P < 0.001). On subgroup analyses, overexpression of HIF-1α was significantly associated with poor prognosis in Asian population (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.72-3.15, P = 0.862). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an association of HIF-1α overexpression with tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival. HIF-1α could be an independent prognostic marker in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Chuang JY, Chen PC, Tsao CW, Chang AC, Lein MY, Lin CC, Wang SW, Lin CW, Tang CH. WISP-1 a novel angiogenic regulator of the CCN family promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma angiogenesis through VEGF-A expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4239-52. [PMID: 25738362 PMCID: PMC4414186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for nearly 90% of head and neck cancers, is characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate. VEGF-A is the most established angiogenic factor involved in the angiogenic-regulated tumor progression. WISP-1/CCN4 is an extracellular matrix-related protein that belongs to the Cyr61, CTGF, Nov (CCN) family and regulates many biological functions, such as angiogenesis. Previous studies indicated the role of WISP-1 in tumor progression. However, the angiogenic property of WISP-1 in the cancer microenvironment has never been discussed. Here, we provide novel insights regarding the role of WISP-1 in the angiogenesis through promoting VEGF-A expression. In this study, the correlation of WISP-1 and VEGF-A was confirmed by IHC staining of specimens from patients with OSCC. In vitro results indicated that WISP-1 induced VEGF-A expression via the integrin αvβ3/FAK/c-Src pathway, which transactivates the EGFR/ERK/HIF1-α signaling pathway in OSCC. This pathway in turn induces the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and triggers the neovascularization in the tumor microenvironment. Our in vivo data revealed that tumor-secreted WISP-1 promoted the angiogenesis through VRGF expression and increased angiogenesis-related tumor growth. Our study offers new information that highlights WISP-1 as a potential novel therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Tsao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Lein
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Shi J, Liu F, Zhang W, Liu X, Lin B, Tang X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine-induced migration and invasion by the suppression of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2972-80. [PMID: 25845434 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea extract, has been found to have anticancer activities in various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. In the present study, the effects of EGCG on migration, invasion, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by nicotine in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were preliminarily examined. The results showed that different concentrations of EGCG significantly inhibited nicotine-induced migration and invasion. Moreover, EGCG reversed the upregulation of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), COX-2, p-Akt, p-ERK and vimentin protein levels and the downregulation of p53 and β-catenin protein levels mediated by nicotine in A549 cells, but had no significant effect on their mRNA levels. Furthermore, EGCG markedly inhibited HIF-1α-dependent angiogenesis induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression induced by nicotine in A549 xenografts of nude mice. Taken together, the results indicated that EGCG inhibited nicotine-induced angiogenesis and EMT, leading to migration and invasion in A549 cells. The results of the present study suggested that EGCG can be developed into a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of smoking-associated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhang Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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12
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Swartz JE, Pothen AJ, Stegeman I, Willems SM, Grolman W. Clinical implications of hypoxia biomarker expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1101-16. [PMID: 25919147 PMCID: PMC4529348 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness increases that the tumor biology influences treatment outcome and prognosis in cancer. Tumor hypoxia is thought to decrease sensitivity to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Presence of hypoxia may be assessed by investigating expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (EMH) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this systematic review we investigated the effect of EMH expression on local control and survival according to treatment modality in head and neck cancer (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). A search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible for inclusion that described EMH expression in relation to outcome in HNSCC patients. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Hazard ratios for locoregional control and survival were extracted. Forty studies of adequate quality were included. HIF-1a, HIF-2a, CA-IX, GLUT-1, and OPN were identified as the best described EMHs. With exception of HIF-2a, all EMHs were significantly related to adverse outcome in multiple studies, especially in studies where patients underwent single-modality treatment. Positive expression was often correlated with adverse clinical characteristics, including disease stage and differentiation grade. In summary, EMH expression was common in HNSCC patients and negatively influenced their prognosis. Future studies should investigate the effect of hypoxia-modified treatment schedules in patients with high In summary, EMH expression. These may include ARCON, treatment with nimorazole, or novel targeted therapies directed at hypoxic tissue. Also, the feasibility of surgical removal of the hypoxic tumor volume prior to radiotherapy should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajit J Pothen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhou X, Huang D, Xue Z, Xu X, Wang K, Sun Y, Kang F. Effect of HIF-1α on biological activation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2346-54. [PMID: 25816356 PMCID: PMC4441294 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator for tumor cells and tissues to adapt to hypoxic condition. Suppressing the expression of HIF-1α is important to evaluate its effect on cancer cells. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of HIF-1α on the biological activation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) SCC-15 cells. In this experiment, deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) was used to induce hypoxic condition. HIF-1α gene was suppressed by lentiviral vector. The effect of the level of HIF-1α expression was tested on the proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and cell invasion of SCC-15 cells. We demonstrated that SCC-15 cells showed a more aggressive phenotype after treated with DFO. Additionally, DFO was able to induce the expression of HIF-1α protein. Lentiviral vector can effectively inhibit HIF-1α expression on mRNA and protein level. Under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, downregulation of HIF-1α for SCC-15 cells induced cell apoptosis and inhibited growth and invasion. These results showed that suppressing the expression of HIF-1α inhibited the aggressive potential of SCC-15 cells under normoxic and hypoxic condition. Thus, finding an effective and safe pathway to inhibit the expression of HIF-1α can help us to improve the survival rate of human TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxiu Xue
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhui Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yao Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Feiwu Kang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Takeda D, Hasegawa T, Ueha T, Imai Y, Sakakibara A, Minoda M, Kawamoto T, Minamikawa T, Shibuya Y, Akisue T, Sakai Y, Kurosaka M, Komori T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide induces mitochondrial apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100530. [PMID: 24988190 PMCID: PMC4079455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the main histological type of oral cancer. Its growth rate and incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes is influenced by various factors, including hypoxic conditions. We have previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 induces mitochondrial apoptosis and decreases lung metastasis by reoxygenating sarcoma cells. However, previous studies have not determined the sequential mechanism by which transcutaneous CO2 suppresses growth of epithelial tumors, including SCCs. Moreover, there is no report that transcutaneous CO2 suppresses lymphogenous metastasis using human cell lines xenografts. In this study, we examined the effects of transcutaneous CO2 on cancer apoptosis and lymphogenous metastasis using human SCC xenografts. Our results showed that transcutaneous CO2 affects expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM and protein levels of cleavage products of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP, which relatives mitochondrial apoptosis. They also showed that transcutaneous CO2 significantly inhibits SCC tumor growth and affects expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9, which play essential roles in tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, transcutaneous CO2 suppressed tumor growth, increased mitochondrial apoptosis and decreased the number of lymph node metastasis in human SCC by decreasing intra-tumoral hypoxia and suppressing metastatic potential with no observable effect in vivo. Our findings indicate that transcutaneous CO2 could be a novel therapeutic tool for treating human SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Yusuke Imai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakakibara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Minamikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Gong L, Zhang W, Zhou J, Lu J, Xiong H, Shi X, Chen J. Prognostic value of HIFs expression in head and neck cancer: a systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75094. [PMID: 24058651 PMCID: PMC3772872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia plays a fundamental role in resistance to therapy and disease progression. A number of studies have assessed the prognostic role of HIFs expression in head and neck cancer (HNC), but no consistent outcomes are reported. Methodology A systematical search was performed to search relevant literatures in PubMed, Web of Science and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. The patients’ clinical characteristics and survival outcome were extracted. The correlation between HIFs expression and prognosis was analyzed. Principal Findings A total of 28 studies assessed the association between HIFs and HNC survival, the result showed that overexpressed HIFs was significantly associated with increase of mortality risk (HR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.52–2.94; I2 74%). Subgroup analysis on different HIF isoforms with OS indicated that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α were associated with worse prognosis. The pooled HRs were 1.72(95% CI 1.34–2.20; I2 70.7%) and 1.79(95% CI: 1.42–2.27, I2 0%). Further subgroup analysis was performed by different geographical locations, disease subtype, stage, types of variate analysis and cut-off value. The results revealed that overexpressed HIF-1α was significantly associated with poor prognosis in Asian patients (HR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.76–3.1; I2 48.9%), but not in European patients (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.77–1.66; I2 78.3%). Furthermore, HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in oral carcinoma(HR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.11–3.97; I2 81.7%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma(HR = 2.07; 95% CI:1.23–3.49; I2 22.5%) and oropharynx carcinoma(HR = 1.76; 95% CI:1.05–2.97; I2 61%), but not in laryngeal carcinoma(HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.87–2.19; I2 62.5%). We also found that the prognostic value of HIF-1α overexpression existed only when using staining and percentage as positive definition (HR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.42–2.33; I2 9.9%). Conclusions This study showed that overexpressed HIFs were significantly associated with increase of mortality risk. Subgroup analysis revealed that overexpressed HIF-1α was significantly associated with worse prognosis of HNC in Asian countries. Additionally, HIF-1α had different prognostic value in different HNC disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang People's hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianding Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
| | - Xueli Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Cixi, China
- * E-mail:
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