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Ferguson MR, Delgado KN, McBride S, Orbe IC, La Vake CJ, Caimano MJ, Mendez Q, Moraes TF, Schryvers AB, Moody MA, Radolf JD, Weiner MP, Hawley KL. Use of Epivolve phage display to generate a monoclonal antibody with opsonic activity directed against a subdominant epitope on extracellular loop 4 of Treponema pallidum BamA (TP0326). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222267. [PMID: 37675118 PMCID: PMC10478084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum (Tp), is resurging globally. Tp's repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) includes BamA (β-barrel assembly machinery subunit A/TP0326), a bipartite protein consisting of a 16-stranded β-barrel with nine extracellular loops (ECLs) and five periplasmic POTRA (polypeptide transport-associated) domains. BamA ECL4 antisera promotes internalization of Tp by rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Methods Three overlapping BamA ECL4 peptides and a two-stage, phage display strategy, termed "Epivolve" (for epitope evolution) were employed to generate single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Additionally, antisera generated by immunizing mice and rabbits with BamA ECL4 displayed by a Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin scaffold (PfTrxBamA/ECL4). MAbs and antisera reactivities were evaluated by immunoblotting and ELISA. A comparison of murine and rabbit opsonophagocytosis assays was conducted to evaluate the functional ability of the Abs (e.g., opsonization) and validate the mouse assay. Sera from Tp-infected mice (MSS) and rabbits (IRS) were evaluated for ECL4-specific Abs using PfTrxBamA/ECL4 and overlapping ECL4 peptides in immunoblotting and ELISA assays. Results Each of the five mAbs demonstrated reactivity by immunoblotting and ELISA to nanogram amounts of PfTrxBamA/ECL4. One mAb, containing a unique amino acid sequence in both the light and heavy chains, showed activity in the murine opsonophagocytosis assay. Mice and rabbits hyperimmunized with PfTrxBamA/ECL4 produced opsonic antisera that strongly recognized the ECL presented in a heterologous scaffold and overlapping ECL4 peptides, including S2. In contrast, Abs generated during Tp infection of mice and rabbits poorly recognized the peptides, indicating that S2 contains a subdominant epitope. Discussion Epivolve produced mAbs target subdominant opsonic epitopes in BamA ECL4, a top syphilis vaccine candidate. The murine opsonophagocytosis assay can serve as an alternative model to investigate the opsonic potential of vaccinogens. Detailed characterization of BamA ECL4-specific Abs provided a means to dissect Ab responses elicited by Tp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R. Ferguson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Abbratech, Branford, CT, United States
| | | | | | - Isabel C. Orbe
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Carson J. La Vake
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Melissa J. Caimano
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Qiana Mendez
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Abbratech, Branford, CT, United States
| | - Trevor F. Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony B. Schryvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin D. Radolf
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael P. Weiner
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Abbratech, Branford, CT, United States
| | - Kelly L. Hawley
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT, United States
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Designing a new bispecific tandem single-chain variable fragment antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-23 using in silico studies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Mol Model 2020; 26:225. [PMID: 32778954 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis disease is a chronic auto-immune inflammatory disease that mainly causes synovial joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pivotal cytokine that plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis. The treatments focusing on a single cytokine inhibition are clinically able to produce meaningful responses in only about half of the treated patients due to multiple cytokines involved in this disease. In the present study, a bispecific tandem single-chain variable fragment was designed in order to suppress both human tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-23 (IL23) as a potential therapeutic drug candidate for this disease. To do so, at first, eight bispecific tandem single-chain variable fragment models were built against tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-23 cytokines with different domain orders by the homology modeling, and then 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed for each one and then structural properties were exploited. The MD simulation results indicate the fact that the domains' order strongly affects tandem single-chain variable fragment properties, and in overall, the fragment VLAIL23+Linker+VHAIL23+linker+VLATNF+Linker +VHATNF +His6 (VL and VH are light and heavy chain variable fragments and AIL23 and ATNF are anti-interleukin 23 and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α, respectively, and His6 is the six histidine) not only separated antibody domains accurately but also had better stability and solvation free energy. Therefore, this structure can be considered as an effective potential drug for rheumatoid arthritis. It is expected that the findings of this research could shed a light on the treatment approaches of the rheumatoid arthritis disease.
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Dong Y, Hou H, Chen A, Ma W, Yin M, Meng F, Hu C, Wang H, Cai J. Generation of a Monoclonal Antibody against D-Dimer Using HTS-Based LiCA. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:310-319. [PMID: 31560248 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219878407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
D-dimer is an essential diagnostic index of thrombotic diseases. Since the existing anti-D-dimer antibodies vary in quality and specificity, a search for alternative anti-D-dimer antibodies is required. The present study aimed to screen a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) against D-dimer using a light-initiated chemiluminescence assay (LiCA). In this work, mice were immunized with antigen prepared from human plasma by enzyme hydrolysis. After screening, a novel mAb, DD 2G11, was obtained. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis indicated that DD 2G11 could be used as a standard marker for D-dimer. The isotype of DD 2G11 was IgG1, the Ka value was 0.646 nM-1, and the Kd value was 50 nM, indicating that the binding affinity to D-dimer was very high. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity between DD 2G11 and other fibrinogen degradation products (FgDPs) was found. Finally, the correlation between DD 2G11 and the reference antibody (commercial antibody) was investigated by analyzing 56 clinical samples using a latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LTIA). The R2 value of the linear regression was 0.94538, indicating that DD 2G11 met clinical requirements. In conclusion, the present study provides a more expeditious protocol to screen mAbs and provides a clinically usable mAb against D-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Academy of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Hanjin Hou
- Academy of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Academy of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Moli Yin
- Academy of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Fanwei Meng
- Academy of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, PR China
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