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Khvorostina M, Mironov A, Nedorubova I, Bukharova T, Vasilyev A, Goldshtein D, Komlev V, Popov V. Osteogenesis Enhancement with 3D Printed Gene-Activated Sodium Alginate Scaffolds. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040315. [PMID: 37102926 PMCID: PMC10137500 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic hydrogel scaffolds containing bioactive components are increasingly used in solving various tissue engineering problems. The encapsulation of DNA-encoding osteogenic growth factors with transfecting agents (e.g., polyplexes) into such scaffold structures is one of the promising approaches to delivering the corresponding genes to the area of the bone defect to be replaced, providing the prolonged expression of the required proteins. Herein, a comparative assessment of both in vitro and in vivo osteogenic properties of 3D printed sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel scaffolds impregnated with model EGFP and therapeutic BMP-2 plasmids was demonstrated for the first time. The expression levels of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation markers Runx2, Alpl, and Bglap were evaluated by real-time PCR. Osteogenesis in vivo was studied on a model of a critical-sized cranial defect in Wistar rats using micro-CT and histomorphology. The incorporation of polyplexes comprising pEGFP and pBMP-2 plasmids into the SA solution followed by 3D cryoprinting does not affect their transfecting ability compared to the initial compounds. Histomorphometry and micro-CT analysis 8 weeks after scaffold implantation manifested a significant (up to 46%) increase in new bone volume formation for the SA/pBMP-2 scaffolds compared to the SA/pEGFP ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khvorostina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108840, Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Anton Mironov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Vasilyev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vladimir Popov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108840, Russia
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2
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Mahapatra C, Kumar P, Paul MK, Kumar A. Angiogenic stimulation strategies in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Cytokine co-stimulation effect on odontogenic differentiation of stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4789-4796. [PMID: 35292845 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) co-stimulation on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability/proliferation of hDPSCs treated with BMP-2 (group B), TGF-β1 (group T), or BMP-2/TGF-β1 (group BT) were evaluated. The experiments on odontogenic differentiation were done for 14 days. The following subgroups were added to investigate the effect of co-stimulation with different timing: subgroup B1, TGF-β1 co-stimulation in the first week; subgroup B2, TGF-β1 co-stimulation in the second week; subgroup T1, BMP-2 co-stimulation in the first week; and subgroup T2, BMP-2 co-stimulation in the second week. The mineralization was assessed using alizarin red staining. The expression of following genes was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), osteopontin (OPN), and alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS All groups showed viability similar to the control group (P > .05). The greater mineralization was detected in B groups on day 14. The expressions of DSPP, DMP-1, and OPN increased on day 14 (P < .05). In the combination groups, the higher expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 were observed in subgroups B1 and B2 than groups B and T (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS BMP-2 was the key in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, which was further enhanced by co-stimulation with TGF-β1. Continuous stimulation with TGFβ-1 did not improve the differentiation of hDPSCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined use of the BMP-2 and TGFβ-1 at the specific sequence can provide a tissue engineering approach for the future guided dentin regeneration.
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Marupanthorn K, Tantrawatpan C, Kheolamai P, Tantikanlayaporn D, Manochantr S. MicroRNA treatment modulates osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human chorion and placenta. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7670. [PMID: 33828198 PMCID: PMC8027176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important in regenerative medicine because of their potential for multi-differentiation. Bone marrow, chorion and placenta have all been suggested as potential sources for clinical application. However, the osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs derived from chorion or placenta is not very efficient. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone development. Its effect on osteogenic augmentation has been addressed in several studies. Recent studies have also shown a relationship between miRNAs and osteogenesis. We hypothesized that miRNAs targeted to Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), a major transcription factor of osteogenesis, are responsible for regulating the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. This study examines the effect of BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs isolated from chorion and placenta in comparison to bone marrow-derived MSCs and investigates the role of miRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from these sources. MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow, chorion and placenta. The osteogenic differentiation potential after BMP-2 treatment was examined using ALP staining, ALP activity assay, and osteogenic gene expression. Candidate miRNAs were selected and their expression levels during osteoblastic differentiation were examined using real-time RT-PCR. The role of these miRNAs in osteogenesis was investigated by transfection with specific miRNA inhibitors. The level of osteogenic differentiation was monitored after anti-miRNA treatment. MSCs isolated from chorion and placenta exhibited self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential similar to MSCs isolated from bone marrow. BMP-2 treated MSCs showed higher ALP levels and osteogenic gene expression compared to untreated MSCs. All investigated miRNAs (miR-31, miR-106a and miR148) were consistently downregulated during the process of osteogenic differentiation. After treatment with miRNA inhibitors, ALP activity and osteogenic gene expression increased over the time of osteogenic differentiation. BMP-2 has a positive effect on osteogenic differentiation of chorion- and placenta-derived MSCs. The inhibition of specific miRNAs enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of various MSCs in culture and this strategy might be used to promote bone regeneration. However, further in vivo experiments are required to assess the validity of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulisara Marupanthorn
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Chiangmai Rajabhat University, Chiangmai, 50330, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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5
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Hoit G, Kain MS, Sparkman JW, Norris BL, Conway JD, Watson JT, Tornetta P, Nauth A. The induced membrane technique for bone defects: Basic science, clinical evidence, and technical tips. OTA Int 2021; 4:e106(1-5). [PMID: 37608856 PMCID: PMC10441675 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of large bone defects continues to be a difficult clinical problem to manage for treating surgeons. The induced membrane technique is a commonly employed strategy to manage these complex injuries and achieve bone union. Basic science and clinical evidence continue to expand to address questions related to the biology of the membrane and how interventions may impact clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the basic science and clinical evidence for the induced membrane technique as well as provide indications for the procedure and technical tips for performing the induced membrane technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Hoit
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Kain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy W Sparkman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK
| | - Brent L Norris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK
| | - Janet D Conway
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Tracy Watson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Tornetta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Nauth
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital. Toronto ON, Canada
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Li Y, Chen L, Chen X, Hill R, Zou S, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen X. High phosphate content in bioactive glasses promotes osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Dent Mater 2020; 37:272-283. [PMID: 33339608 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High phosphate content was found to significantly increase apatite formation of bioactive glasses (BGs) in vitro. However, there is very limited understanding of the effect of phosphate contents on osteogenesis which is important for clinical applications. The aims of this study were to investigate how phosphate content influences apatite formation ability of bioactive glasses in α-MEM culture medium and whether high phosphate content in bioactive glasses promotes osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Four phosphate containing bioactive glasses were synthesized via a melt-quench method and characterized using X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), TGA-DSC and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The apatite formation ability in α-MEM culture medium and the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of these bioactive glass were explored. RESULTS FTIR spectra confirmed faster apatite formation with an increase in phosphate content. The culture media containing ions released from the BGs showed enhanced cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. Osteoblasts cultured with extracted BGs culture media generally showed increased proliferation, mineralized nodule formation, osteogenic and angiogenic genes expression with an increase in phosphate content in the glass compositions. An in vivo study demonstrated a larger amount of new bone formation in the calvarial defects implanted with high phosphate containing BG granules compared with that of BG without the presence of phosphate at 8 weeks post-surgery. SIGNIFICANT The presence of higher phosphate content accelerates apatite formation and promotes osteogenesis, indicating that both apatite formation and osteogenesis of bioactive glasses can be tailored by varying phosphate content for specific clinical needs and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Robert Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Songyou Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Minyuan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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7
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Bashir NZ. The role of insulin-like growth factors in modulating the activity of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104993. [PMID: 33259987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative treatment protocols are an exciting prospect in the management of oral pathology, as they allow for tissues to be restored to their original form and function, as compared to the reparative healing mechanisms which currently govern the outcomes of the majority of dental treatment. Stem cell therapy presents with a great deal of untapped potential in this pursuit of tissue regeneration, and, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental tissues are of specific relevance with regards to their applications in engineering craniofacial tissues. A number of mediatory factors are involved in modulating the actions of dental MSCs, and, of these, insulin like growth factors (IGFs) are known to have potent effects in governing the behavior of these cells. The IGF family comprises a number of primary ligands, receptors, and binding proteins which are known to modulate the key properties of dental MSCs, such as their proliferation rates, differentiation potential, and mineralisation. The aims of this review are three-fold: (i) to present an overview of dental MSCs and the role of growth factors in modulating their characteristics, (ii) to discuss in greater detail the specific role of IGFs and the benefits they may convey for tissue engineering, and (iii) to provide a summary of potential for in vivo clinical translation of the current in vitro body of evidence.
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8
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Combined Delivery of Two Different Bioactive Factors Incorporated in Hydroxyapatite Microcarrier for Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:607-624. [PMID: 32803541 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of growth factors using a carrier system presents a promising and innovative tool in tissue engineering and dentistry today. Two of the foremost bioactive factors, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are widely applied using a ceramic scaffold. The aim of this study was to determine the use of hydroxyapatite microcarrier (MC) for dual delivery of osteogenic and angiogenic factors to accelerate hard tissue regeneration during the regenerative process. METHODS Two MCs of different sizes were fabricated by emulsification of gelatin and alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP). The experimental group was divided based on the combination of MC size and growth factors. For investigating the in vitro properties, rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were harvested from bone marrow of the femur and tibia. For in vivo experiments, MC with/without growth factors was applied into the standardized, 5-mm diameter defects, which were made bilaterally on the parietal bone of the rat. The animals were allowed to heal for 8 weeks, and samples were harvested and analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histology. RESULTS Improved proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells was observed with VEGF loaded MC. For osteogenic differentiation, dual growth factors delivered by MC showed higher osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatse production and calcium deposition. The in vivo results revealed statistically significant increase in new bone formation when dual growth factors were delivered by MC. Dual growth factors administered on a calcium phosphate matrix showed significantly enhanced osteogenic potential. CONCLUSION We propose this system has potential clinical utility in providing solutions for craniofacial bone defects, with the added benefit of early availability.
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Wang Z, Sun J, Li Y, Chen C, Xu Y, Zang X, Li L, Meng K. Experimental study of the synergistic effect and network regulation mechanisms of an applied combination of BMP-2, VEGF, and TGF-β1 on osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2394-2405. [PMID: 31646676 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the osteogenic effect induced by the combined use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), attain the best combination for osteogenic quality and efficiency, and explore the network regulation mechanisms of induced osteogenesis. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro, and BMP-2, VEGF, and TGF β1 were added to osteogenic induction mediums in different combinations to conduct experiments. At 7 and 14 days, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining of the applied BMP-2 and VEGF combination were deeper and the quantitative analysis were higher than those of the other groups. After optimizing the time-effect relationship of the combined application, with BMP-2, VEGF, and TGF-β1 adding in the early stage and BMP-2 and VEGF adding in the late, the ALP and ARS staining of these groups were deeper and the quantitative analyses were meaningfully higher than the BMP-2 and VEGF combination group at 7 and 14 days. The expression of the RUNX2 gene and the Smad1 signaling pathway in the optimized combination group was also significantly higher. The results demonstrate that the combination of BMP-2, VEGF, and TGF-β1 applied according to the time-effect relationship can significantly promote osteogenic differentiation mainly through the classical BMP-receptor-Smad signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoxiang Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolong Zang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Sharma S, Xue Y, Xing Z, Yassin MA, Sun Y, Lorens JB, Finne-Wistrand A, Sapkota D, Mustafa K. Adenoviral mediated mono delivery of BMP2 is superior to the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA in bone regeneration in a critical-sized rat calvarial bone defect. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100205. [PMID: 31193299 PMCID: PMC6525280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from osteogenesis, neovascularization of the defect area is an important determinant for successful bone healing. Accordingly, several studies have employed the combined delivery of VEGFA and BMP2 for bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the outcomes of these studies are highly variable. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of adenoviral mediated delivery of BMP2 alone and in combination with VEGFA in rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSC) seeded on a poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffold in angiogenesis and osteogenesis using a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model. Both mono delivery of BMP2 and the combined delivery of a lower ratio of VEGFA and BMP2 (1:4) led to up-regulation of osteogenic genes (Alpl and Runx2) and increased calcium deposition in vitro, compared with the GFP control. Micro computed tomography (microCT) analysis of the rat calvarial defect at 8 weeks showed that the mono delivery of BMP2 (43.37 ± 3.55% defect closure) was the most effective in healing the bone defect, followed by the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA (27.86 ± 2.89%) and other controls. Histological and molecular analyses supported the microCT findings. Analysis of the angiogenesis, however, showed that both mono delivery of BMP2 and combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA had similar angiogenic effect in the calvarial defects. Examination of the key genes related to host response against the adenoviral vectors showed that the current model system was not associated with adverse immune response. Overall, the results show that the mono delivery of BMP2 was superior to the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA in healing the critical-sized rat calvarial bone defect. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate growth factor combination for the successful outcome in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohammed A Yassin
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Xia L, Ma W, Zhou Y, Gui Z, Yao A, Wang D, Takemura A, Uemura M, Lin K, Xu Y. Stimulatory Effects of Boron Containing Bioactive Glass on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Polycaprolactone: In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8961409. [PMID: 31011582 PMCID: PMC6442456 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8961409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has attracted great attention for bone regeneration attributed to its cost-efficiency, high toughness, and good processability. However, the relatively low elastic modulus, hydrophobic nature, and insufficient bioactivity of pure PCL limited its wider application for bone regeneration. In the present study, the effects of the addition of boron containing bioactive glass (B-BG) materials on the mechanical properties and biological performance of PCL polymer were investigated with different B-BG contents (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%), in order to evaluate the potential applications of B-BG/PCL composites for bone regeneration. The results showed that the B-BG/PCL composites possess better tensile strength, human neutral pH value, and fast degradation as compared to pure PCL polymers. Moreover, the incorporation of B-BG could enhance proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic factor expression for rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) as compared to pure PCL polymers. Importantly, the B-BG also promoted the angiogenic differentiation for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These enhanced effects had a concentration dependence of B-BG content, while 30 wt.% B-BG/PCL composites achieved the greatest stimulatory effect. Therefore the 30 wt.% B-BG/PCL composites have potential applications in bone reconstruction fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
| | - Wudi Ma
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
| | - Zhipeng Gui
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
| | - Aihua Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Ministration of Education, China
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Ministration of Education, China
| | | | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kailin Lin
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in gene therapy as a treatment for bone regeneration. While most fractures heal spontaneously, patients who present with fracture nonunion suffer from prolonged pain, disability, and often require additional operations to regain musculoskeletal function. RECENT FINDINGS In the last few years, BMP gene delivery by means of electroporation and sonoporation resulted in repair of nonunion bone defects in mice, rats, and minipigs. Ex vivo transfection of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resulted in bone regeneration following implantation in vertebral defects of minipigs. Sustained release of VEGF gene from a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold to the mandible of a human patient was shown to be safe and osteoinductive. In conclusion, gene therapy methods for bone regeneration are systematically becoming more efficient and show proof-of-concept in clinically relevant animal models. Yet, on the pathway to clinical use, more investigation is needed to determine the safety aspects of the various techniques in terms of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shapiro
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Lieber
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Synthesis and characterization of zinc-silibinin complexes: A potential bioactive compound with angiogenic, and antibacterial activity for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rajalakshmi S, Vimalraj S, Saravanan S, Raj Preeth D, Shairam M, Anuradha D. Synthesis and characterization of silibinin/phenanthroline/neocuproine copper(II) complexes for augmenting bone tissue regeneration: an in vitro analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:753-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Effect of Semelil, an Herbal Selenium-Based Medicine, on New Bone Formation in Calvarium of Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2860367. [PMID: 29682529 PMCID: PMC5846393 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2860367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to analyze the effect of Semelil, an herbal selenium-based medicine, on osteogenesis in rabbit calvarium defects. Methods Four identical bony defects (8 mm) were created in the calvarium of 16 New Zealand male rabbits and filled randomly with xenogenic bone substitute material (Bio-Oss®) and semelil herbal drug (ANGIPARS™). One site was filled with Bio-Oss (B); the second site was treated with ANGIPARS (A); the third site was treated with ANGIPARS + Bio-Oss (AB); and the fourth site was left as untreated control (C) and defects were left unfilled. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8) and sacrificed at four and eight weeks. Percentage of new bone formation, type of the newly formed bone, percentage of the remaining xenograft biomaterial, and foreign body reaction (FBR) were evaluated via histological and histomorphometric analyses. Results The percentage of new bone formation was significantly different among four groups. The highest effect was observed in AB, followed by A, B, and C groups, respectively. The difference in the mean percentage of new bone formation between four and eight weeks was significant for all four groups (P < 0.001). Regarding bone formation, the interaction effect of A and B was significant at four (P < 0.001) and eight weeks (P = 0.002). ANGIPARS alone and in presence of Bio-Oss enhanced new bone formation at both four and eight weeks (P < 0.001). The mean amount of new bone formation was significantly different at four and eight weeks in groups C (P = 0.008), A (P < 0.001), B (P < 0.001), and AB (P = 0.003). FBR was not observed in any group. Conclusion Semelil may be useful as an adjunct to conventional osteoconductive materials in order to enhance osteogenesis.
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Zhang C, Meng C, Guan D, Ma F. BMP2 and VEGF165 transfection to bone marrow stromal stem cells regulate osteogenic potential in vitro. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9787. [PMID: 29384874 PMCID: PMC5805446 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An exogenous supply of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factors 165 (VEGF165) will synergize to promote bone regeneration in vivo. The aim of this study was to confirm the role of VEGF165 on the osteogenesis potential of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transduced by adenovirus vector containing BMP2 gene in vitro.Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and transfected with various adenovirus vectors: Ad-BMP2-VEGF165 (BMP2+VEGF165 group), Ad-BMP2 (BMP2 group), Ad-VEGF165 (VEGF165 group), and Ad-green fluorescent protein (GFP group). The multiplicity of infection was detected by GFP expression. Expression of BMP2 and VEGF165 was detected by Western blot and ELISA, and the osteogenic biological activity of BMP2 and VEGF165 by osteogenic assay. Meanwhile, the osteogenic biological activity of BMP2 and VEGF165 was evaluated by detection of Col I (collagen type I), OC (osteocalcin), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity using OC staining, ALP activity assay, and real-time PCR assay.Expression of target genes and proteins reached peak values at 5 days and then gradually declined. The OC staining, ALP activity, and real-time PCR assay of ColI, OC, and ALP were all increased in cells transfected with Ad-BMP2-VEGF165, Ad-BMP2, Ad-VEGF165, and Ad-GFP. However, the osteogenic biological activity in cells transfected with Ad-BMP2 was higher compared to cells transfected with other vectors after transfection at 14 and 21 days. We also found that BMP2 +VEGF165 group showed more osteogenic activity effect than the VEGF165 or control group. Furthermore, osteogenic assays in VEGF165 showed that a slightly lower osteogenic effect when compared to controls at 21 days.VEGF165 might be a potent inhibitor of BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. The strategies to use BMP2 and VEGF165 in bone regeneration and the molecular mechanism of their interaction require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong
| | - Dafan Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shanxi, China
| | - Fengyu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong
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Sharma S, Sapkota D, Xue Y, Rajthala S, Yassin MA, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K. Delivery of VEGFA in bone marrow stromal cells seeded in copolymer scaffold enhances angiogenesis, but is inadequate for osteogenesis as compared with the dual delivery of VEGFA and BMP2 in a subcutaneous mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:23. [PMID: 29386057 PMCID: PMC5793460 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In bone tissue engineering (BTE), extensive research into vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-mediated angiogenesis has yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence on angio- and osteogenesis of adenoviral-mediated delivery of VEGFA alone or in combination with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) seeded onto a recently developed poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffold. Methods Human BMSC were engineered to express VEGFA alone or in combination with BMP2 and seeded onto poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds. Changes in angiogenic and osteogenic gene and protein levels were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), PCR array, and alkaline phosphatase assay. An in vivo subcutaneous mouse model was used to investigate the effect on angio- and osteogenesis of VEGFA alone or in combination with BMP2, using microcomputed tomography (μCT), histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results Combined delivery of a lower ratio (1:3) of VEGFA and BMP2 (ad-BMP2 + VEGFA) led to upregulation of osteogenic and angiogenic genes in vitro at 3 and 14 days, compared with mono-delivery of VEGFA (ad-VEGFA) and other controls. In vivo, in a subcutaneous mouse model, both ad-VEGFA and ad-BMP2 + VEGFA scaffold explants exhibited increased angiogenesis at 2 weeks. Enhanced angiogenesis was largely related to the recruitment and differentiation of mouse progenitor cells to the endothelial lineage and, to a lesser extent, to endothelial differentiation of the implanted BMSC. μCT and histological analyses revealed enhanced de novo bone formation only in the ad-BMP2 + VEGFA group, corresponding at the molecular level to the upregulation of genes related to osteogenesis, such as ALPL, RUNX2, and SPP1. Conclusions Although BMSC expressing VEGFA alone or in combination with BMP2 significantly induced angiogenesis, VEGFA alone failed to demonstrate osteogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. These results not only call into question the use of VEGFA alone in bone regeneration, but also highlight the importance in BTE of appropriately formulated combined delivery of VEGFA and BMP2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0778-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Saroj Rajthala
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohammed A Yassin
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
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Translating the role of osteogenic-angiogenic coupling in bone formation: Highly efficient chitosan-pDNA activated scaffolds can accelerate bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Biomaterials 2017; 149:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Turner PA, Thiele JS, Stegemann JP. Growth factor sequestration and enzyme-mediated release from genipin-crosslinked gelatin microspheres. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1826-1846. [PMID: 28696181 PMCID: PMC5951619 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1354672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled release of growth factors allows the efficient, localized, and temporally-optimized delivery of bioactive molecules to potentiate natural physiological processes. This concept has been applied to treatments for pathological states, including chronic degeneration, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Peptide microspheres are particularly suited for this application because of their low cost, ease of manufacture, and interaction with natural remodeling processes active during healing. The present study characterizes gelatin microspheres for the entrapment and delivery of growth factors, with a focus on tailored protein affinity, loading capacity, and degradation-mediated release. Genipin crosslinking in PBS and CHES buffers produced average microsphere sizes ranging from 15 to 30 microns with population distributions ranging from about 15 to 60 microns. Microsphere formulations were chosen based on properties important for controlled transient and spatial delivery, including size, consistency, and stability. The microsphere charge affinity was found to be dependent on gelatin type, with type A (GelA) carriers consistently having a lower negative charge than equivalent type B (GelB) carriers. A higher degree of crosslinking, representative of primary amine consumption, resulted in a greater negative net charge. Gelatin type was found to be the strongest determinant of degradation, with GelA carriers degrading at higher rates versus similarly crosslinked GelB carriers. Growth factor release was shown to depend upon microsphere degradation by proteolytic enzymes, while microspheres in inert buffers showed long-term retention of growth factors. These studies illuminate fabrication and processing parameters that can be used to control spatial and temporal release of growth factors from gelatin-based microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Turner
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Jeffrey S Thiele
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Scientific Understanding of the Induced Membrane Technique: Current Status and Future Directions. J Orthop Trauma 2017; 31 Suppl 5:S3-S8. [PMID: 28938383 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the most recent basic science advances made in relation to the induced membrane technique and how those relate to clinical practice, applications, and future research directions. DESIGN Review of the literature. SETTING Any trauma center which might encounter large segmental bone defects. ARTICLES REVIEWED Basic science articles that looked at characteristics of the induced membrane published in the past 30 years. INTERVENTION None.
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21
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Hu K, Besschetnova TY, Olsen BR. Soluble VEGFR1 reverses BMP2 inhibition of intramembranous ossification during healing of cortical bone defects. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1461-1469. [PMID: 27658810 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BMP2 is widely used for promotion of bone repair and regeneration. However, bone formation induced by BMP2 is quite variable. Bone forming progenitor cells in different locations appear to respond to BMP2 in different ways, and repair outcomes can vary as a consequence of modulating effects by other factors. In this study, we have examined the effects of VEGF on BMP2-induced repair of a cortical bone defect, a 1 mm diameter drill hole, in the proximal tibia of mice. Treatment of the defect with either a bolus of PBS or soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1), a decoy receptor for VEGF, had the same effects on bone formation via intramembranous ossification in the defect and cartilage formation and injured periosteum, during the healing process. In contrast, treatment with BMP2 inhibited intramembranous bone formation in the defect while it promoted cartilage and endochondral bone formation in the injured periosteum compared with mice treated with PBS or sVEGFR1. The inhibitory effect of BMP2 on bone formation was unlikely due to increased osteoclast activity and decreased invasion of blood vessels in the defect. Most importantly, co-delivery of BMP2 and sVEGFR1 reversed the inhibition of intramembranous bone formation by BMP2. Furthermore, the decreased accumulation of collagen and production of bone matrix proteins in the defect of groups with BMP2 treatment could also be prevented by co-delivery of BMP2 and sVEGFR1. Our data indicate that introducing a VEGF-binding protein, such as sVEGFR1, to reduce levels of extracellular VEGF, may enhance the effects of BMP2 on intramembranous bone formation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1461-1469, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tatiana Y Besschetnova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schorn L, Sproll C, Ommerborn M, Naujoks C, Kübler NR, Depprich R. Vertical bone regeneration using rhBMP-2 and VEGF. Head Face Med 2017; 13:11. [PMID: 28592312 PMCID: PMC5463342 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient vertical and lateral bone supply and a competent osteogenic healing process are prerequisities for the successful osseointegration of dental implants in the alveolar bone. Several techniques including autologous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration are applied to improve quality and quantity of bone at the implantation site. Depending on the amount of lacking bone one- or two-stage procedures are required. Vertical bone augmentation has proven to be a challenge particularly in terms of bone volume stability. This study focuses on the three dimensional vertical bone generation in a one stage procedure in vivo. Therefore, a collagenous disc-shaped scaffold (ICBM = Insoluble Collagenous Bone Matrix) containing rhBMP-2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2) and/or VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) was applied around the coronal part of a dental implant during insertion. RhBMP-2 and VEGF released directly at the implantation site were assumed to induce the generation of new vertical bone around the implant. Methods One hundred eight titanium implants were inserted into the mandible and the tibia of 12 mini pigs. Four experimental groups were formed: Control group, ICBM, ICBM + BMP-2, and ICBM + BMP-2 + VEGF. After 1, 4 and 12 weeks the animals were sacrificed and bone generation was investigated histologically and histomorphometrically. Results After 12 weeks the combination of ICBM + rhBMP2 + VEGF showed significantly more bone volume density (BVD%), a higher vertical bone gain (VBG) and more vertical bone gain around the implant (PVBG) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion By using collagenous disc-shaped matrices in combination with rhBMP-2 and VEGF vertical bone can be generated in a one stage procedure without donor site morbidity. The results of the presenting study suggest that the combination of rhBMP-2 and VEGF applied locally by using a collagenous carrier improves vertical bone generation in vivo. Further research is needed to establish whether this technique is applicable in clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schorn
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michelle Ommerborn
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Naujoks
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert R Kübler
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rita Depprich
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Combined Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 on Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro. J Endod 2017; 43:930-935. [PMID: 28457634 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined and concerted delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) enhances odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro. METHODS Various concentrations of VEGF and/or BMP-2 with or without the presence of odonto/osteogenic medium (OM) were added into DPSC cultures for 21 days. The mineral formation in cultures was evaluated using alizarin red stain (ARS). Optimal concentrations of VEGF and BMP-2 were codelivered to DPSCs for total of 21 days with the following experimental groups: (1) group 1: OM only, (2) group 2: OM + VEGF, (3) group 3: OM + BMP-2, and (4) group 4: OM + VEGF + BMP-2 (subgroup 4a: VEGF present the first 7 days, 4b: BMP-2 present the last 14 days, and 4c, both present for 21 days). Cultures were then subjected to quantitative ARS analysis or harvested for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for the expression of core-binding factor alpha 1 (CBFA1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1). RESULTS No mineral formation was detected by ARS when VEGF and/or BMP-2 were used without OM. OM + VEGF, but not OM + BMP-2, formed more mineralization than OM (P < .05). In the codelivery groups, the highest mineralization was observed in OM + VEGF and subgroup 4a compared with OM or the other groups (P < .05). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that CBFA1, ALP, and DMP-1 levels were higher in groups 2, 3, and 4a compared with 4b and 4c (P < .05). CBFA1 expressed higher in groups 2, 3, and 4a compared with OM (P < .05). For ALP expression, only subgroup 4a expressed higher than OM (P < .05). No difference was detected between groups 2 and 3 (P > .05) in the expression of the 3 genes. CONCLUSIONS VEGF addition in the early phase rather than a continuous presence of both VEGF and BMP-2 enhances odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Shin JW, Wu Y, Kang YG, Kim JK, Choi HJ, Shin JW. The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Mechanical Stimulation on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Individual or Synergistic Effects. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:307-315. [PMID: 30603487 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the roles and effects of EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) during the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Recent studies have shown that proper mechanical stimuli can induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs apart from biochemical factors. In this study, the hMSC cultures were subjected to: (1) 25 uM EGCG alone or (2) 3% mechanical stretching (0.2 Hz for 4 h/day for 4 days) or (3) in combination with 3% mechanical stretching (0.2 Hz for 4 h/day for 4 days). The two factors were applied to the cell cultures separately and in combination to investigate the individual and synergistic effect of both mechanical stimulation and ECGC in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Utilizing real time PCR, we measured various osteogenic markers and even those related to intracellular signalings. Further investigation of mitochondria was performed that mitochondria biogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and morphological related markers were measured. hMSCs were to be osteogenic or myogenic differentiated when they were under 3% stretching only. However, when EGCG was applied along with stretching they were to be osteogenic differentiated rather than to be myogenic differentiated. This was supported by evaluating intracellular signalings: BMP-2 and VEGF. Therefore, the synergistical effects of simultaneous employment of stretching and EGCG on osteogenic differentiation were confirmed. Moreover, simultaneous employment was found positive in mitochondria biogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and morphological changes. Through this study, we came into the conclusion that the combination of proper mechanical stretching, 3% in this study, and EGCG promote osteogenic differentiation. Reflecting that EGCG can be obtained from plants not from the chemical syntheses, it is worth to be studied further either by animal tests or long-term experiments for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Shin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Yanru Wu
- 2Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Jeong Koo Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Choi
- Research and Development Team, Gimhae Biomedical Center, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea.,2Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea.,4Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center/Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHARC, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
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Li Y, Qiu SS, Shao Y, Song HH, Li GL, Lu W, Zhu LM. Dickkopf-1 has an Inhibitory Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Fibroblast Differentiation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1200-7. [PMID: 27174329 PMCID: PMC4878166 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.181974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stem cells which play an important role in tissue repair. The treatment with MSCs will be likely to aggravate the degree of fibrosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in developmental and physiological processes, such as fibrosis. Dickkopfs (DKKs) are considered as an antagonist to block Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding the receptor of receptor-related protein (LRP5/6). DKK1 was chosen in attempt to inhibit fibrosis of MSCs by lowering activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Stable MSCs were randomly divided into four groups: MSCs control, MSCs + transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), MSCs + DKK1, and MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Flow cytometry was used to identify MSCs. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Western blotting analysis was employed to test expression of fibroblast surface markers and, finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to test mRNA expression of fibroblast surface markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins. Results: Cultivated MSCs were found to conform to the characteristics of standard MSCs: expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 73, 90, and 105, not expression of 34, 45, and 79. We found that DKK1 could maintain the normal cell morphology of MSCs. Western blotting analysis showed that fibroblast surface markers were expressed in high quantities in the group MSCs + TGF-β. However, the expression was lower in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Immunofluorescence showed high expression of all Wnt/β-catnin molecules in the MSCs + TGF-β group but expressed in lower quantities in MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group. Finally, mRNA expression of fibroblast markers vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins β-catenin, T-cell factor, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β was significantly increased in MSCs + TGF-β group compared to control (P < 0.05). Expression of the same fibroblast markers and Wnt/β-catenin was decreased to regular quantities in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group. Conclusions: DKK1, Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors, blocks the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to inhibit the process of MSCs fibrosis. It might provide some new ways for clinical treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Sang-Sang Qiu
- Department of Infection Management, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong-Huan Song
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gu-Li Li
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Marupanthorn K, Tantrawatpan C, Kheolamai P, Tantikanlayaporn D, Manochantr S. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human bone marrow and umbilical cord. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:654-662. [PMID: 28204808 PMCID: PMC5360390 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can give rise to different cell types of the mesodermal lineages. They are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine as they can be isolated from various tissues, and can be expanded and induced to differentiate into multiple lineages. Recently, the umbilical cord has been suggested as an alternative source of MSCs. Although MSCs derived from the umbilical cord can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with a phenotypic similarity to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, the differentiation ability is not consistent. In addition, MSCs from the umbilical cord require a longer period of time to differentiate into osteoblasts. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in bone tissue regeneration. In addition, several studies have supported the use of BMP-2 in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting and non-unions in oral surgery. Although the use of BMP-2 for bone tissue regeneration has been extensively investigated, the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from the umbilical cord has not yet been fully examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord compared to that of MSCs derived from bone marrow. The degree of osteogenic differentiation following BMP-2 treatment was determined by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression profiles of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, osterix (Osx), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (Ocn). The results revealed that BMP-2 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs derived from both bone marrow and umbilical cord as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation marker genes. The enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs by BMP-2 suggests that these MSCs may be used as alternative sources for bone engineering or cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulisara Marupanthorn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Zhu C, Lv Y, Qian C, Qian H, Jiao T, Wang L, Zhang F. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs on a novel Ti/SiC metal matrix nanocomposite modified by friction stir processing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38875. [PMID: 27958394 PMCID: PMC5153627 DOI: 10.1038/srep38875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to fabricate a novel titanium/silicon carbide (Ti/SiC) metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) by friction stir processing (FSP) and to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on the nanocomposite surface were investigated. The MMNC microstructure was observed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were characterized by nanoindentation and Vickers hardness testing. Integrin β1 immunofluorescence, cell adhesion, and MTT assays were used to evaluate the effects of the nanocomposite on cell adhesion and proliferation. Osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, PCR and osteocalcin immunofluorescence. The observed microstructures and mechanical properties clearly indicated that FSP is a very effective technique for modifying Ti/SiC MMNC to contain uniformly distributed nanoparticles. In the interiors of recrystallized grains, characteristics including twins, fine recrystallized grains, and dislocations formed concurrently. Adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs were all enhanced on the novel Ti/SiC MMNC surface. In conclusion, nanocomposites modified using FSP technology not only have superior mechanical properties under stress-bearing conditions but also provide improved surface and physicochemical properties for cell attachment and osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yuting Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Ting Jiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
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Recombinant Plasmid DNA Construct Encoding Combination of vegf165 and bmp2 cDNAs Stimulates Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Implant Composed of Demineralized Bone and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Modified with AdBMP2/AdBMP7 for the Regeneration of Bone Fractures in Ovis aries. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7403890. [PMID: 27818692 PMCID: PMC5081458 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7403890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are inducible to an osteogenic phenotype by the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This facilitates the generation of implants for bone tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of ADMSCs transduced individually and in combination with adenoviral vectors expressing BMP2 and BMP7. Moreover, the effectiveness of the implant containing ADMSCs transduced with the adenoviral vectors AdBMP2/AdBMP7 and embedded in demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was tested in a model of tibial fracture in sheep. This graft was compared to ewes implanted with untransduced ADMSCs embedded in the same matrix and with injured but untreated animals. In vivo results showed accelerated osteogenesis in the group treated with the AdBMP2/AdBMP7 transduced ADMSC graft, which also showed improved restoration of the normal bone morphology.
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30
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The Possible Roles of Biological Bone Constructed with Peripheral Blood Derived EPCs and BMSCs in Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8168943. [PMID: 27195296 PMCID: PMC4852345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8168943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the possible potential of partially deproteinized biologic bone (PDPBB) seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. BMSCs and EPCs were isolated, identified, and cocultured in vitro, followed by seeding on the PDPBB. Expression of osteogenesis and vascularization markers was quantified by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also employed to further evaluate the morphologic alterations of cocultured cells in the biologic bone. Results demonstrated that the coculture system combined with BMSCs and EPCs had significant advantages of (i) upregulating the mRNA expression of VEGF, Osteonectin, Osteopontin, and Collagen Type I and (ii) increasing ALP and OC staining compared to the BMSCs or EPCs only group. Moreover, IHC staining for CD105, CD34, and ZO-1 increased significantly in the implanted PDPBB seeded with coculture system, compared to that of BMSCs or EPCs only, respectively. Summarily, the present data provided evidence that PDPBB seeded with cocultured system possessed favorable cytocompatibility, provided suitable circumstances for different cell growth, and had the potential to provide reconstruction for cases with bone defection by promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Ling J, Wei X, Jian Y. Osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of BMP2 and VEGF gene-co-transfected human stem cells from apical papilla. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3747-54. [PMID: 26986020 PMCID: PMC4838134 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) possess clear osteo-/odontogenic differentiation capabilities, and are regarded as the major cellular source for root dentin development. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serve pivotal roles in the modulation of tooth development and dentin formation. However, the synergistic effects of BMP2 and VEGF on osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the proliferative and osteo-/odontogenic differentiating capabilities of BMP2 and VEGF gene-co-transfected SCAP (SCAP-BMP2-VEGF) in vitro. The basic characteristics of the isolated SCAP were identified by the induction of multipotent differentiation and by flow cytometry. Lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfection was conducted with SCAP in order to construct blank vector-transfected SCAP (SCAP-green fluorescent protein), BMP2 gene-transfected SCAP (SCAP-BMP2), VEGF gene-transfected SCAP (SCAP-VEGF) and SCAP-BMP2-VEGF. The Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was used to analyze the proliferative capacities of the four groups of cells. The expression of osteo-/odontogenic genes and proteins in the cells were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The mineralized nodules formed by the four group cells were visualized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Among the four groups of cells, SCAP-VEGF was demonstrated to exhibit increased proliferation, and SCAP-BMP2-VEGF exhibited reduced proliferation during eight days observation. SCAP-BMP2-VEGF exhibited significantly increased expression levels of ALP, osteocalcin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein gene 1 and dentin sialoprotein than the other three groups at the majority of the time points. Furthermore, the SCAP-BMP2-VEGF group exhibited a significantly greater number of ALP-positive mineralized nodules than the other groups following 16 days culture in vitro. In conclusion, lentiviral vector-mediated BMP2 and VEGF gene co-transfection significantly activated the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of human SCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Jian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Xu X, Qiu S, Zhang Y, Yin J, Min S. PELA microspheres with encapsulated arginine-chitosan/pBMP-2 nanoparticles induce pBMP-2 controlled-release, transfected osteoblastic progenitor cells, and promoted osteogenic differentiation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:330-339. [PMID: 26961803 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1153480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Repair of the bone injury remains a challenge in clinical practices. Recent progress in tissue engineering and therapeutic gene delivery systems have led to promising new strategies for successful acceleration of bone repair process. The aim of this study was to create a controlled-release system to slowly release the arginine-chitosan/plasmid DNA nanoparticles encoding BMP-2 gene (Arg-CS/pBMP-2 NPs), efficiently transfect osteoblastic progenitor cells, secrete functional BMP-2 protein, and promote osteogenic differentiation. In this study, chitosan was conjugated with arginine to generate arginine-chitosan polymer (Arg-CS) for gene delivery. Mix the Arg-CS with pBMP-2 to condense pBMP-2 into nano-sized particles. In vitro transfection assays demonstrated that the transfection efficiency of Arg-CS/pBMP-2 nanoparticles and the expression level of BMP-2 was obviously exceed control groups. Further, PELA microspheres as the controlled-release carrier for the nanoparticles were used to encapsulate Arg-CS/pBMP-2 NPs. We demonstrated that the Arg-CS/pBMP-2 NPs could slowly release from the PELA microspheres at least for 42 d. During the co-culture with the PELA microspheres, the content of BMP-2 protein secreted by MC3T3-E1 reached the peak at 7 d. After 21d, the secretion of BMP-2 protein still maintain a higher level. The alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and osteogenesis-related gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR analysis all showed the PELA microspheres entrapping with Arg-CS/pBMP-2 NPs can obviously induce the osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that the Arg-CS is a suitable gene vector which can promote the gene transfection. And the novel PELA microspheres-nanoparticle controlled-release system has potential clinical application in the future after further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Sujun Qiu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Jie Yin
- a Department of Orthopedics , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Shaoxiong Min
- a Department of Orthopedics , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
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Barati D, Shariati SRP, Moeinzadeh S, Melero-Martin JM, Khademhosseini A, Jabbari E. Spatiotemporal release of BMP-2 and VEGF enhances osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells co-encapsulated in a patterned hydrogel. J Control Release 2015; 223:126-136. [PMID: 26721447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects is limited by insufficient vascularization and slow bone regeneration. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the extent of osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) encapsulated in a patterned hydrogel. Nanogels (NGs) based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromers chain-extended with short lactide (L) and glycolide (G) segments were used for grafting and timed-release of BMP2 and VEGF. NGs with 12kDa PEG molecular weight (MW), 24 LG segment length, and 60/40L/G ratio (P12-II, NG(10)) released the grafted VEGF in 10days. NGs with 8kDa PEG MW, 26 LG segment length, and 60/40L/G ratio (P8-I, NG(21)) released the grafted BMP2 in 21days. hMSCs and NG-BMP2 were encapsulated in a patterned matrix based on acrylate-functionalized lactide-chain-extended star polyethylene glycol (SPELA) hydrogel and microchannel patterns filled with a suspension of hMSCs+ECFCs and NG-VEGF in a crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. Groups included patterned constructs without BMP2/VEGF (None), with directly added BMP2/VEGF, and NG-BMP2/NG-VEGF. Based on the results, timed-release of VEGF in the microchannels in 10days from NG(10) and BMP2 in the matrix in 21days from NG(21) resulted in highest extent of osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of the encapsulated hMSCs and ECFCs compared to direct addition of VEGF and BMP2. Further, timed-release of VEGF from NG(10) in hMSC+ECFC encapsulating microchannels and BMP2 from NG(21) in hMSC encapsulating matrix sharply increased bFGF expression in the patterned constructs. The results suggest that mineralization and vascularization are coupled by localized secretion of paracrine signaling factors by the differentiating hMSCs and ECFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seyed Ramin Pajoum Shariati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayangdong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Santos L, Fuhrmann G, Juenet M, Amdursky N, Horejs CM, Campagnolo P, Stevens MM. Extracellular Stiffness Modulates the Expression of Functional Proteins and Growth Factors in Endothelial Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2056-2063. [PMID: 26270789 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is of vital importance during the early stages of bone healing. Extracellular stiffness plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell behavior and angiogenesis, but how this mechanical cue affects proliferation kinetics, gene regulation, and the expression of proteins implicated in angiogenesis and bone regeneration remains unclear. Using collagen-coated polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are exposed to an environment that mimics the elastic properties of collagenous bone, and cellular proliferation and gene and protein expressions are assessed. The proliferation and gene expression of HUVECs are not differentially affected by culture on 3 or 30 kPa PAAm hydrogels, henceforth referred to as low and high stiffness gels, respectively. Although the proliferation and gene transcript levels remain unchanged, significant differences are found in the expressions of functional proteins and growth factors implicated both in the angiogenic and osteogenic processes. The down-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 protein with concomitant over-expression of caveolin-1, wingless-type 2, bone morphogenic protein 2, and basic fibroblast growth factor on the high stiffness PAAm hydrogel suggests that rigidity has a pro-angiogenic effect with inherent benefits for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Santos
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Maya Juenet
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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Wang X, Wei F, Luo F, Huang K, Xie Z. Induction of granulation tissue for the secretion of growth factors and the promotion of bone defect repair. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:147. [PMID: 26381122 PMCID: PMC4574139 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of the Masquelet technique in the repair of large bone defects has gained increased acceptance in recent years. The core of this technique is the induction of granulation tissue membrane formation and the implantation of an autologous cancellous bone to reconstruct bone defects in the membrane. In this study, we purpose to explore the structure of induced membrane and the content of growth factors as well to compare between the structure and the effects on osteogenesis of induced membranes and the periosteum in animal models. Methods Bilateral radial bone defects were generated in 32 healthy adult rabbits. The defects were implanted with bone cement. The induced membranes and periosteum were removed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Thereafter, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin II (ANG-II), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Proteins isolated from total cell lysates were cultured with mesenchymal stem cells to test the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity using epimysium as a control. Results The induced membrane and periosteum exhibited similar structures and growth factor levels after 4 and 6 weeks. The highest concentration of BMP-2 and VEGF in the induced membranes occurred in week 6, and FGF-2 and ANG-II concentrations peaked in week 4. The thickness and vascular density of induced membranes gradually decreased with time. Conclusion Induced membrane matured between the 4th and the 6th week and secreted growth factors to promote osteogenesis. The matured induced membrane and periosteum had similar structures and abilities to promote the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the induced membrane was thicker than the periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fuda Wei
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Huang
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Xie
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, The People's Republic of China.
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Nowakowski A, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2219-42. [PMID: 26140302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained from various organs and easily propagated in vitro, are one of the most extensively used types of stem cells and have been shown to be efficacious in a broad set of diseases. The unique and highly desirable properties of MSCs include high migratory capacities toward injured areas, immunomodulatory features, and the natural ability to differentiate into connective tissue phenotypes. These phenotypes include bone and cartilage, and these properties predispose MSCs to be therapeutically useful. In addition, MSCs elicit their therapeutic effects by paracrine actions, in which the metabolism of target tissues is modulated. Genetic engineering methods can greatly amplify these properties and broaden the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs, including transdifferentiation toward diverse cell lineages. However, cell engineering can also affect safety and increase the cost of therapy based on MSCs; thus, the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures should be discussed. In this review, the latest applications of genetic engineering methods for MSCs with regenerative medicine purposes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Jiang X, Zhang X, Xia L, Lin K, Xu Y. The Effect of Quercetin on the Osteogenesic Differentiation and Angiogenic Factor Expression of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129605. [PMID: 26053266 PMCID: PMC4460026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine in light of their ability to differentiate along the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. As a type of traditional Chinese medicine, quercetin has been preliminarily reported to promote osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts. In the present study, the effects of quercetin on the proliferation, viability, cellular morphology, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor secretion of rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) were examined by MTT assay, fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition assays, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were involved in these processes was also explored. The results showed that quercetin significantly enhanced the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor secretion of rBMSCs in a dose-dependent manner, with a concentration of 2 μM achieving the greatest stimulatory effect. Moreover, the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) and p38 pathways was observed in quercetin-treated rBMSCs. Furthermore, these induction effects could be repressed by either the ERK inhibitor PD98059 or the p38 inhibitor SB202190, respectively. These data indicated that quercetin could promote the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor secretion of rBMSCs in vitro, partially through the ERK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (KL); (YX)
| | - Kaili Lin
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (KL); (YX)
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (KL); (YX)
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Ro H, Park J, Yang K, Kim J, Yim HG, Jung G, Lee H, Cho SW, Hwang NS. Osteogenic priming of mesenchymal stem cells by chondrocyte-conditioned factors and mineralized matrix. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:115-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ma HB, Wang R, Yu KZ, Yu C. Dynamic changes of early-stage aortic lipid deposition in chronic renal failure rats and effects of decorin gene therapy. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:591-597. [PMID: 25574240 PMCID: PMC4280988 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between lipid metabolism and the atherosclerosis in early-stage chronic renal failure at the molecular level and to explore the efficacy of decorin on chronic renal failure. Sprague Dawley rats receiving 5/6 nephrectomy and Sham surgery were divided into control and experimental groups. Sprague Dawley rats receiving 5/6 nephrectomy were divided into control and experimental groups, and the experimental group was further subdivided into rats receiving treatment with fibroblasts (FBs) transfected either with empty vector and with a decorin (DCN) gene. The dynamic levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-Ch) and total phospholipid (T-PL) were detected on the 10th, 30th and 60th days. The body weight, blood lipid levels, renal function and renal tissue were observed after four weeks, and transforming growth factor-βl and protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. In total, 4 weeks after treatment, the DCN expression in the renal tissue of rats treated with DCN-transfected FBs was significantly increased compared to that in the control rats. The results showed that the levels of the three lipids in the aortic arches were slightly elevated on the 10th day compared with those in the control group, and the TG level was significantly increased on the 30th day. The levels of T-Ch, TG and T-PL in the aortic arches were significantly elevated on the 60th day. The TG and T-Ch levels in the plasma and aortic tissues of Sprague Dawley rats receiving 5/6 nephrectomy without any treatment and after receiving treatment with FBs transfected with empty vector were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The increased T-Ch and decreased T-PL levels in the erythrocyte membrane increased the rigidity of the erythrocyte and decreased erythrocyte deformability. In conclusion, highly expressed DCN mitigated renal fibrosis and thus delayed renal failure as well as mitigating the abnormal lipid metabolism of the chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zhou Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Che Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Della Porta G, Nguyen BNB, Campardelli R, Reverchon E, Fisher JP. Synergistic effect of sustained release of growth factors and dynamic culture on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2161-71. [PMID: 25346530 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles have been utilized as delivery vehicles of soluble factors to modify cellular behavior and therefore enhance tissue engineering regeneration. When incorporated into three-dimensional systems, microparticles can provide geometrical and temporal controlled release of bioactive agents, such as growth factors (GFs) to surrounding cells. This study investigates the effect of GFs release from biopolymer microparticles on osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in calcium (Ca)-alginate scaffolds while cultured in a tubular perfusion system bioreactor system. Empirical and deterministic models were used to demonstrate that poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-encapsulated GFs would result in a delayed release profile compared to GFs encapsulated into scaffolds directly. We hypothesized that the dual delivery of human bone-morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP2) and human vascular endothelial growth factor to cells in dynamic culture would provide molecular and physical cues to promote differentiation. Results indicated that the exposures of hBMP2 and dynamic flow are sufficient in enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation pathway compared to no GF addition and static culture. The GF delivery system in a dynamic flow environment resulted in a synergistic effect on osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena (FC), Italy
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Hu Y, Du Y, Jiang H, Jiang GS. Cerium promotes bone marrow stromal cells migration and osteogenic differentiation via Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:5369-5378. [PMID: 25197425 PMCID: PMC4152115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce), one of the lanthanides (Ln), displays a variety of biochemical and physiological effects. However, the potential effect and mechanism of Ce on bone metabolism are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the putative role of Ce in regulating the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that Ce promoted BMSCs viability and ALP activity at lower concentrations (0.001 μM), and decreased the viability and ALP activity of BMSCs at higher concentrations (10 μM). Ce could also affect the expression of osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2, Satb2 and OCN) in BMSCs. Our results also showed that Ce promoted migration of BMSCs by increasing SDF-1 mRNA expression. As the Smad-dependent BMP signaling pathway plays an important role in migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, our results are in agreement with Ce promoting the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and translocating to the nucleus by increase BMP2 expression. The activity of p-Smad1/5/8 increased SDF-1 and Runx2 expression level in BMSCs. In conclusion, our results support the notion that Ce promoted migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Endodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University44-1 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan 250001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan 250001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan 250001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Shui Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University44-1 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
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Tang Z, Wang Z, Qing F, Ni Y, Fan Y, Tan Y, Zhang X. Bone morphogenetic protein Smads signaling in mesenchymal stem cells affected by osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1001-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhurong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yilu Ni
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yanfei Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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