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Yang Y, Yang J, Fu W, Zhou P, He Y, Fang M, Wan H, Zhou H. Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Nine Bioactive Compounds of Guanxinshutong Capsule in Normal and Acute Myocardial Infarction Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:653-665. [PMID: 35751765 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Guanxinshutong capsules (GXST) are usually used to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the clinical effect of GXST is significant. However, there have been only a few studies on the pharmacokinetics of GXST against AMI injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of nine bioactive compounds of GXST in normal and AMI rats. METHODS In this work, a rat model of AMI was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The pharmacokinetic parameters of nine bioactive compounds (gallic acid, danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid A, dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA) in the plasma of AMI and normal rats were compared under the same dose of GXST by a LC-MS/MS method. Then, we selected P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and some representative cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) for molecular docking to further analyze the interaction between these compounds. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of phenolic acids were relatively large, while the half-life (T½) of tanshinones was longer. Among the nine components, salvianolic acid B in AMI rats had the maximum area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞ = 1961.8 ng·h/mL), which showed a significant difference compared with normal rats (P < 0.05). Tanshinone IIA in AMI rats had the longest half-life (T½ = 10.1 h), and it was markedly longer than that in normal rats (P < 0.01). In addition, compared with the normal group, the AUC, Cmax, T½ , and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) of gallic acid increased significantly in AMI rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). For the molecular docking results, it was found that gallic acid may interact with CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9, while danshensu may interact with CYP2C9. Tanshinones may interact with CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and P-gp. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the pathological injury caused by AMI has a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of some active compounds in GXST, which are conducive to providing a reference and promoting rational clinical drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsun Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Bu W, Zhang Z, Ocansey DKW, Yu Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Wang X, Ke Y. Research on natural products from traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1952-1968. [PMID: 35422902 PMCID: PMC8991172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complicated pathologic process that involves multiple factors including oxidative stress (free radical damage), inflammatory response, calcium overloading, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), MIRI belongs to the categories of "chest numbness", "palpitations" and "angina pectoris". Present data indicate that the application of TCM in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is promising and continues to attract research attention. While the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine has been well-proven, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The common proven mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of MIRI include regulating lipid metabolism, protecting mitochondria, and improving energy metabolism, attenuating calcium (Ca2+) overload, scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing autophagy. Others are the regulation of inflammatory cytokine expressions and healing of inflammatory lesions, modulation of cell signaling pathways, improvement of endothelial cell function, and protection of myocardial cells. In this review, we highlight recent studies that focus on elucidating these molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic effects of natural compounds deriving from TCM in MIRI, to ascertain the research progress made and the prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Bu
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMBCape Coast, Ghana
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhitong Liu
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhe Ke
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430060, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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Pan Y, Shao C, Zhang L, He Y, Yang J, Fu W, Yang J, Wan H. The effect of Guanxin Shutong capsule on alleviating the myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114169. [PMID: 33932513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guanxin Shutong (GXST) capsule is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the clinic. However, no pharmacological experimental studies of GXST has been reported on the treatment of pressure overload-induced heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GXST capsule on ameliorating myocardial fibrosis conditions in pressure overload-induced heart failure rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Normal group, Model group, GXST-treated group at a dose of 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, respectively, and digoxin positive control group at a dose of 1 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of administration, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac injury and fibrotic conditions were evaluated by H&E staining, Masson staining, and Sirius Red staining. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. RESULTS GXST significantly inhibited cardiac fibrosis, reduced the excessive deposition of collagen, and finally improved cardiac function. GXST reversed ventricular remodeling might be through the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION GXST capsule demonstrated a strong anti-fibrosis effect in heart failure rats by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Pan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jintao Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiac-Cerebral Diseases, Yinchuan Cardiac-Cerebral Treatment Internet Hospital, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Wang D, Shi C, Ge ZH, Wei YX, Liu TT, Wang Y, Zhou XF, Yang ZJ, Wang WT, Zhang YW, Zhu XH, Zhang J, Li Y, Gong M, Wu XH, Duan HQ. Study of the Mechanism of Action of Guanxin Shutong Capsules in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650438. [PMID: 33867992 PMCID: PMC8048374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Guan-Xin-Shu-Tong capsule (GXSTC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) for many years in China. However, the holistic mechanism of GXSTC against CHD is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to systematically explore the mechanism of action GXSTC in the treatment of CHD rats using a metabolomics strategy. Methods: A CHD model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In each group, echocardiography was performed; the contents of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum were determined; and the myocardial infarct size was measured. The metabolites in plasma were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Then, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to screen potential biomarkers associated with the GXSTC treatment in the LAD-induced rat CHD model. Finally, the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 platform was used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Results: GXSTC was able to regulate the contents of CK, LDH and AST; restore impaired cardiac function; and significantly reduce the myocardial infarction area in model rats. Twenty-two biomarkers and nine metabolic pathways of GXSTC in the treatment of CHD were identified through UHPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis. Conclusion: GXSTC regulates metabolic disorders of endogenous components in LAD-induced CHD rats. The anti-CHD mechanism of GXSTC is mainly related to the regulation of amino acid, lipid and hormonal metabolism. This study provides an overall view of the mechanism underlying the action of GXSTC against CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xi Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medical Humanities, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Jun Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Quan Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang X, Shao C, Cheng S, Zhu Y, Liang B, Gu N. Effect of Guanxin V in animal model of acute myocardial infarction. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33618704 PMCID: PMC7898759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious and lethal manifestation of coronary heart disease worldwide, presenting extremely high disability and mortality. Our previous studies have shown that Guanxin V (GXV) could significantly improve the cardiac function and the blood flow dynamics, and reduce serum levels of inflammatory factors in AMI rats, thus triggering ventricular remodeling (VR) at post-AMI. Methods An in vivo AMI model was established in Syrian hamsters by performing the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into four groups, namely Sham operation group (n = 12), AMI group (n = 12), GXV group (GXV 6 g/Kg/d, n = 12), and Tranilast group (Tra 105 mg/Kg/d, n = 12). Drug intervention was conducted for consecutive 8 weeks. Relative biological indicators were measured in the 4th and 8th week, respectively. Results Cardiac functions were improved, and the infarcted size and heart weight index were limited in Syrian hamsters of GXV and Tra groups compared with those in AMI group. Furthermore, GXV was able to decrease the number of mast cells and chymase level in Syrian hamsters with AMI. Administration of GXV remarkably inactivated the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, and alleviated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, thus slowing down VR at post-AMI. Conclusion GXV slows down the process of VR at post-AMI by reducing chymase level and mast cells number, as well as inactivating the reninangiotension-aldosterone system.. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03211-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Songyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Daming Road 157#, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Li S, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao F, Du X, Hou J, Zhang T, Shi C, Wang P, Huo R, Woodman OL, Qin CX, Xu H, Huang L. Current state and future perspective of cardiovascular medicines derived from natural products. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107698. [PMID: 33039419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of natural products (NPs) to cardiovascular medicine has been extensively documented, and many have been used for centuries. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past 40 years, approximately 50% of newly developed cardiovascular drugs were based on NPs, suggesting that NPs provide essential skeletal structures for the discovery of novel medicines. After a period of lower productivity since the 1990s, NPs have recently regained scientific and commercial attention, leveraging the wealth of knowledge provided by multi-omics, combinatorial biosynthesis, synthetic biology, integrative pharmacology, analytical and computational technologies. In addition, as a crucial part of complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has increasingly drawn attention as an important source of NPs for cardiovascular drug discovery. Given their structural diversity and biological activity NPs are one of the most valuable sources of drugs and drug leads. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics and classification of NPs in CVDs. Then, we provide an up to date summary on the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of action of NPs in CVDs, and the current view and future prospect of developing safer and more effective cardiovascular drugs based on NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyun Huang
- Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States of America
| | - Luoqi Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xia Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenjing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ruili Huo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China; Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Guanxinshutong Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Proinflammation in ApoE -/- Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1219371. [PMID: 33014098 PMCID: PMC7519182 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1219371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive disease related to dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Guanxinshutong capsule (GXST), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, while its mechanism actions on AS are still not to be well addressed. Our present study is aimed to examine the effect of GXST on AS and elucidate the multitarget mechanisms of GXST on AS. Network pharmacology analysis was employed to screen the multitarget mechanisms of GXST on AS. ApoE−/− mice were used to validate these effects. Circulating lipid profile and oxidative stress-related factors were measured by the Elisa kit. Furthermore, the aortic trunk and aortic root were excised for oil red O staining, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. We first discovered that GXST was clued to exert synergistically antiatherosclerosis properties including lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation through the computational prediction based on a network pharmacology simulation. Next, the validation experiments in atherosclerosis mice provided evidence that GXST significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions, increased collagen deposition, and attenuated LV remodeling to some extent. Mechanistically, GXST modulated lipid profile, downregulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κBp65. GXST also reduced the activity of oxidative parameter MDA and upregulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH) compared with the AS model group. In conclusion, GXST intervention might attenuate atherosclerosis by mechanisms involving reducing lipid deposition, modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, but a larger controlled trial is necessary for confirmation.
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Oyagbemi AA, Bester D, Esterhuyse J, Farombi EO. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seed mitigates ischemic/reperfusion injury by modulation of pro-survival and apoptotic signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:42-49. [PMID: 28163959 PMCID: PMC5289087 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160923100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Kolaviron (KV) on ischemic/reperfusion injury in experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 received corn oil as a vehicle and rats in Group 2 were administered KV at 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with rat standard chow pellet and water administered ad libitum. After 4 weeks of KV administration, hearts were excised and mounted on the working heart perfusion system. Western blot analysis for protein expression was carried out on frozen heart samples. Results: There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase with concomitant reduction in oxygen radical absorbance capacity in ischemic rat heart of control compared to group pre-treated with KV, respectively. Similarly, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly elevated in control compared to KV pre-treated rats. KV significantly increased total Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), phosphorylated Akt/PKB at serine 473 and also caused a significant reduction in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Caspase 3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. Conclusion: Taken together, KV offered significant cardioprotection via free radical scavenging activity and upregulation of pro-survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Bester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Johan Esterhuyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Cao Y, Liu F, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Protective effects of Guanxin Shutong capsule drug-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial dysfunction through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the nitric oxide pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:998-1004. [PMID: 25120637 PMCID: PMC4113548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicinal formula Guanxin Shutong capsule (GXSTC) has been used for almost 10 years as a clinical treatment for chest pain, depression, palpitation and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GXSTC drug-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated endothelial cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and nitric oxide (NO) levels and NO synthase (NOS) activity were measured as standards of endothelial dysfunction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated using commercial kits. In addition, the protein expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), AKT and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits was examined to evaluate the effect of GXSTC drug-containing serum on ECV304 cells. GXSTC significantly reversed the decrease in NO production induced by TNF-α (5 ng/ml) in ECV304 cells. The expression of NADPH oxidase subunits was increased by TNF-α treatment, but markedly inhibited by treatment with GXSTC in TNF-α-stimulated cells. In summary, GXSTC increased the production of NO in ECV304 cells and exerted a protective effect on ECV304 cells stimulated with TNF-α by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of eNOS. This was accompanied by increased SOD activity and reduced MDA levels. These results suggested that GXSTC protects the endothelium via the NO pathway and exhibits antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cao
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | | | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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