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Qu Z, Bing Y, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Wu S, Ji C, Li W, Zou X. Screening of Q-markers for the wine-steamed Schisandra chinensis decoction pieces in improving allergic asthma. Chin Med 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 36717898 PMCID: PMC9887854 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) posits that Chinese medicinal materials can only be clinically used after being processed and prepared into decoction pieces. Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (derived from the dried and mature fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) has been used as a traditional antiasthmatic, kidney strengthening, and hepatoprotective agent for 2000 years. The results of previous research show that decoction pieces of wine-steamed Schisandra chinensis (WSC) are more effective than raw decoction pieces of Schisandra chinensis (RSC) for treating cough and asthma. Steaming with wine was demonstrated to promote the dissolution of ingredients. However, the relationship between the changes in the components of the decoction pieces of WSC and the therapeutic effect remains unclear. METHODS The efficacies of decoctions of RSC and WSC were compared using allergic asthma rats. The potential bioactive components in the serum of the WSC treatment group and the changes in the chemical composition of the RSC decoction pieces before and after wine steaming were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC H-CLASS XEVO TQD) to speculate quality markers (Q-markers) related to the efficacy of WSC, which were subsequently verified based on a zebrafish inflammation model. RESULTS Steaming RSC decoction pieces with wine was found to promote improvement of allergic asthma. Reverse tracing of 22 components detected in the serum of the high dose group of WSC (WSC-H) resulted in 12 ingredients being finally designated as potential effective components. Among these ingredients, 5 components, Schisandrin, Schisandrol B, Schisandrin A, Schisandrin B, and Gomisin D, had higher dissolution rates than RSC after steaming with wine. Validation by an inflammatory zebrafish model showed that these 5 ingredients had a dose-dependent effect and were therefore Q-markers for WSC in the treatment of allergic asthma. CONCLUSION In this study, changes in the components of decoction pieces of RSC and WSC and Q-markers related to WSC efficacy were identified, providing valuable information for expanding the application of WSC and establishing a specific quality standard for WSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Qu
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Yifan Bing
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Yan Zheng
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Shuang Wu
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Wenlan Li
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China ,grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Xiang Zou
- grid.411992.60000 0000 9124 0480Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China ,grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN19RH UK
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Xiao S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Yang D. Ketamine Attenuates Airway Inflammation via Inducing Inflammatory Cells Apoptosis and Activating Nrf2 Pathway in a Mixed-Granulocytic Murine Asthma Model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4411-4428. [PMID: 36597444 PMCID: PMC9805722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s391010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of ketamine, an anesthetic, as a treatment for asthma has been investigated in numerous studies. However, how ketamine affects asthma is unclear. The present study examined the effects of ketamine on a murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma, and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods The murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) for sensitization and the combination of OVA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for challenge. The main characteristics of asthma, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the expression of the Nrf2 pathway were examined. ML385 was administered to verify the role of the Nrf2 pathway. Results Mice in the OVA +LPS group developed asthmatic characteristics, including airway hyperresponsiveness, mixed-granulocytic airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, as well as increased levels of oxidative stress and impaired apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Among the three concentrations, ketamine at 75mg/kg effectively attenuated these asthmatic symptoms, activated the Nrf2 pathway, decreased oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with a reducing level of myeloid cell leukemia 1(Mcl-1). ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) eliminated the protective effects of ketamine on the mixed-granulocytic asthma model. Conclusion The study concluded that ketamine reduced oxidative stress and attenuated asthmatic symptoms (neutrophilic airway inflammation) by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, with 75 mg/kg ketamine showing the best results. Ketamine administration also increased neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis in BALF, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The use of ketamine as a treatment for asthma may therefore be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13661267522, Email
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Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Navarra M, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020261. [PMID: 33567628 PMCID: PMC7914737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Liang Z, Wu L, Deng X, Liang Q, Xu Y, Deng R, Lv L, Ji M, Hao Z, He J. The Antioxidant Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Lung Damage in Experimental Allergic Asthma via Modulation of NADPH Oxidases and Antioxidant Enzymes. Inflammation 2020; 43:1902-1912. [PMID: 32519269 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can induce lung damage and aggravate airway inflammation in asthma. Previously, we reported that rosmarinic acid (RA) exerted strong anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse allergic asthma model. Therefore, we hypothesized that RA might also have antioxidative effects in a superimposed asthma mouse model with oxidative lung damage challenged with ovalbumin (Ova) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We evaluated the antioxidative and anti-asthmatic activity of RA and explored its possible mechanisms of action. Mice sensitized to Ova and challenged with Ova and H2O2 were treated with RA 1 h after challenge. RA treatment greatly diminished the number of inflammatory cells; decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production; increased IFN-γ secretion; significantly downregulated ROS production; and markedly upregulated the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT. Furthermore, RA treatment resulted in a significant increase in the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and a notable reduction in NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression in lung tissues. These findings suggest that RA may effectively alleviate oxidative lung damage and airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan M, Peng LY, Wei Q, Li JH, Song K, Chen S, Huang JN, Yu JL, An Q, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Fu BD. Schizandrin attenuates lung lesions induced by Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104059. [PMID: 32058027 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause serious pathological changes and inflammation in chickens. Schizandrin has anti-inflammatory activity and can prevent damage to various tissues and organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of schizandrin on APEC-induced lung lesions in chickens and explore the potential mechanism of schizandrin protection. The schizandrin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered for 3 days. APEC was administered using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to induce lung lesions. Then, chickens were sacrificed by CO2 inhalation 24 h later and the lung tissues were collected for examining histopathological changes, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings showed that schizandrin markedly inhibited pathological changes, pulmonary edema, MPO activity and MDA content. Moreover, schizandrin markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in lung tissue. Importantly, the mechanism responsible for these effects was attributed to the inhibitory effect of schizandrin on NF-κB and MAPK signaling activation. In conclusion, our findings reveal that schizandrin displays anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity against APEC-induced lung lesions in chickens, paving the way for rational use of schizandrin as a protective agent against lung-related inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Heart Disease, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jing-He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jiang-Ni Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Qiang An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The influence of apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics on antioxidant enzyme levels in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. Life Sci 2019; 234:116780. [PMID: 31430453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and obesity are common health problems. Obesity is already responsible for 300,000 deaths per year. AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess whether apocynin, alpha lipoic acid and probiotic administration in combination with low-fat diet supplementation influences the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. MAIN METHODS The study was performed on male C57/BL6 mice divided into 10 groups: (I) control; (II) asthma; (III) obesity; (IV) asthma + obesity; (V) asthma + obesity + apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (VI) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks; (VII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day; (VIII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet with probiotics for 12 weeks; (IX) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with lipoic acid p.o. 100 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (X) asthma + obesity + standard diet with probiotics for 12 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were examined. The administration of apocynin alone and apocynin in combination with a low-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in SOD values (respectively p < 0.001; p = 0.010). Application of probiotics resulted in a decrease in CAT activity (p = 0.037) and an increase in GPx activity (p < 0.001) compared to obese asthmatic mice. The administration of lipoic acid resulted in an increase in GR activity (p = 0.024 vs. control). KEY FINDINGS Supplementation containing apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics has a positive influence on the antioxidant capacity of the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Mu X, Xu X, Guo X, Yang P, Du J, Mi N, Cheng T, Lu L, Qi X, Wang X, Ning J, Zhang W, Ye J. Identification and characterization of chemical constituents in Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule and their metabolites in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:54-64. [PMID: 30682539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule (DZSMC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula with remarkable clinical effect in the treatment of stroke sequelae. Exploring the components of DZSMC and detecting the absorbed prototype constituents and metabolites in blood are of great significance to clarify the effective substances of this prescription. Here, a reliable method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was established for the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents of DZSMC and their metabolites in rat plasma after gastric perfusion. Two acquisition modes, including MSE mode and Fast DDA mode, were performed for acquiring more precursor ions and cleaner precursor-product ions background during the study of constituents of DZSMC. As a result, a total of 125 constituents were unambiguously characterized or tentatively identified. For the first time, a total of 92 components, including 44 prototype components and 48 metabolites were unambiguously or tentatively identified in rat plasma. The metabolic pathways included phase I reactions (hydration, hydrogenation, oxidation, demethylation and hydroxylation) and phase II reactions (conjugation with glucuronide, sulfate and methyl). Furthermore, the metabolites from caffeic acid and scutellarin were characterized and validated by phase II metabolic reactions in vitro, which could be established as a simulated in vivo environment of metabolites identification and verification of TCM formula. It is the first systematic study on metabolism of DZSMC in vivo and could also provide a valid analytical strategy for characterization of the chemical compounds and metabolites of TCM formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xike Xu
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peiming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Yunnan Biovalley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yunnan 650503, China
| | - Nan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaopo Qi
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ji Ye
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zhang YH, Zhao ZY, Wang BJ, Zhang YQ, Zhang M, Gao YY. Protective effect of Schisandra chinensis lignans on hypoxia-induced PC12 cells and signal transduction. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:1224-1230. [PMID: 30485163 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1502561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that hypoxia induces neuronal injury; however, the mechanisms underlying this observed effect remain to be determined. Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL). The aim of this study was thus to examine the ability of Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL) to prevent hypoxia-induced neuronal injury using a human adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Exposure to hypoxia significantly reduced cell survival rate in cultured PC12 cells. However, pretreatment with SCL at 10, 20 or 40 μmol/L followed by hypoxia prevented loss of cellular viability. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the apoptotic rate in PC12 cells following hypoxia was significantly increased. Pretreatment with SCL 20 or 40 μmol/L in hypoxia-exposed cells resulted in significantly reduced apoptotic rates compared to hypoxia. Immunocytochemical staining showed that protein expression of p-Akt was significantly diminished by hypoxia. Following pre-treatment with different concentrations of SCL, PC12 cells were markedly stimulated as evidenced by elevated protein expression of p-Akt in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of p-Akt protein in the presence of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 and SCL was not markedly changed indicating that signal transduction was affected by this Chinese herb. There were no significant differences in total Akt protein expression following hypoxia or pretreatment with SCL. Western blot demonstrated that expression levels of caspase-3 protein were significantly increased while expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased in hypoxic cells. Pretreatment with SCL followed by hypoxia significantly lowered expression levels of caspase-3 protein accompanied by elevated expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. After co-incubation with LY29004 and SCL, down-regulation of expression of caspase-3 protein and up-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 protein noted with SCL alone were suppressed. Data suggest that the protective effect exerted by SCL in hypoxia-induced PC12 cell injury involves enhanced cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The increased protein Akt phosphorylation expression levels resulted in consequent reduced downstream caspase-3 expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- a Institute of Neurology , Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhao
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
- c Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anesthesia, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Bao-Jun Wang
- a Institute of Neurology , Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Yuan-Qing Zhang
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
- c Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anesthesia, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
- c Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anesthesia, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Yang-Yang Gao
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
- c Institute of Neuroscience , Department of Anesthesia, Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
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Li CL, Cheng YY, Hsieh CH, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics of Schizandrin and Its Pharmaceutical Products Assessed Using a Validated LC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010173. [PMID: 29342955 PMCID: PMC6017025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis has been used as an important component in various prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine and, more recently, in Western-based medicine for its anti-hepatotoxic effect. The aim of this study was to develop a selective, rapid, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetic studies of schizandrin in rats. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for plasma sample preparation. A UHPLC reverse-phase C18e column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2 μm) coupled with a mobile phase of methanol-0.1% formic acid (85:15, v/v) was used for sample separation. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was used to detect the analytes in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The linear range of schizandrin in rat plasma was 5.0–1000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.999), with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. The method was validated with regard to accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision, linearity, stability, recovery, and matrix effects in rat plasma, which were acceptable according to the biological method validation guidelines developed by the FDA. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 3 g/kg and 10 g/kg of Schisandra chinensis products, which yielded a maximum concentration of schizandrin of 0.08 ± 0.07 and 0.15 ± 0.09 μg/mL, respectively. A parallel study design was used to investigate the oral bioavailability of single compound of schizandrin and the herbal extract, the single compound of pure schizandrin (10 mg/kg, i.v.), pure schizandrin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), and the herbal extract of Schisandra chinensis (3 g/kg and 10 g/kg, p.o.) were given individually. The dose of Schisandra chinensis (3 g/kg) equivalent to schizandrin (5.2 mg/kg); the dose of Schisandra chinensis (10 g/kg) equivalent to schizandrin (17.3 mg/kg). The result demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of schizandrin was approximately 15.56 ± 10.47% in rats, however the oral bioavailability of herbal extract was higher than single compound. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of pure schizandrin after oral administration of its pharmaceutical industry products in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 220, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
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10
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:100-108. [PMID: 28756367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are produced during oxygen reduction and are characterized by high reactivity. They participate in many important physiological processes, but if produced in high concentrations they lead to oxidative stress development and disturb pro-oxidative/anti-oxidative balance towards the oxidation reaction - leading to damage of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of various pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, prevalence in recent years has increased significantly. Recently published literature point out the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of asthma. Changes in the protein and lipid oxidation lead, among others, to pathological changes in the respiratory epithelial cells, an increase in vascular permeability, mucus overproduction, smooth muscle contraction or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of oxidative stress parameters on asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Kim CH, Shin JH, Hwang SJ, Choi YH, Kim DS, Kim CM. Schisandrae fructus enhances myogenic differentiation and inhibits atrophy through protein synthesis in human myotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2407-15. [PMID: 27330287 PMCID: PMC4898430 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrae fructus (SF) has recently been reported to increase skeletal muscle mass and inhibit atrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of SF extract on human myotube differentiation and its acting pathway. Various concentrations (0.1–10 μg/mL) of SF extract were applied on human skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Myotube area and fusion index were measured to quantify myotube differentiation. The maximum effect was observed at 0.5 μg/mL of SF extract, enhancing differentiation up to 1.4-fold in fusion index and 1.6-fold in myotube area at 8 days after induction of differentiation compared to control. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, which initiate translation as downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, was upregulated in early phases of differentiation after SF treatment. SF also attenuated dexamethasone-induced atrophy. In conclusion, we show that SF augments myogenic differentiation and attenuates atrophy by increasing protein synthesis through mammalian target of rapamycin/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway in human myotubes. SF can be a useful natural dietary supplement in increasing skeletal muscle mass, especially in the aged with sarcopenia and the patients with disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cy Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hwang
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Cao H, Qin F, Liu X, Wang J, Cao Y, Tong J, Zhao H. Circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant markers in rats exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2071-87. [PMID: 25685954 PMCID: PMC4344711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The potential health risks of exposure to Radiofrequency Fields (RF) emitted by mobile phones are currently of considerable public interest, such as the adverse effects on the circadian rhythmicities of biological systems. To determine whether circadian rhythms of the plasma antioxidants (Mel, GSH-Px and SOD) are affected by RF, we performed a study on male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to the 1.8 GHz RF. Methods: All animals were divided into seven groups. The animals in six groups were exposed to 1.8 GHz RF (201.7 μW/cm2 power density, 0.05653 W/kg specific absorption rate) at a specific period of the day (3, 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 h GMT, respectively), for 2 h/day for 32 consecutive days. The rats in the seventh group were used as sham-exposed controls. At the end of last RF exposure, blood samples were collected from each rat every 4 h (total period of 24 h) and also at similar times from sham-exposed animals. The concentrations of three antioxidants (Mel, GSH-Px and SOD) were determined. The data in RF-exposed rats were compared with those in sham-exposed animals. Results: circadian rhythms in the synthesis of Mel and antioxidant enzymes, GSH-Px and SOD, were shifted in RF-exposed rats compared to sham-exposed animals: the Mel, GSH-Px and SOD levels were significantly decreased when RF exposure was given at 23 and 3 h GMT. Conclusion: The overall results indicate that there may be adverse effects of RF exposure on antioxidant function, in terms of both the daily antioxidative levels, as well as the circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Cao
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Fenju Qin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xueguan Liu
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jiajun Wang
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Heming Zhao
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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