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Nemtsova V, Vischer AS, Burkard T. Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Narrative Review Series-Part 3: Vasculature, Biomarkers and the Matrix of Hypertensive Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38256639 PMCID: PMC10816030 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research efforts have resulted in major advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This is the third part of a three-part review series. Here, we focus on the influence of high blood pressure on the micro- and macroalterations that occur in the vasculature in HHD. We also provide an overview of circulating cardiac biomarkers that may prove useful for a better understanding of the pathophysiology, development and progression of HHD, and may play a unique role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with HHD, taking into account their properties showing as abnormal long before the onset of the disease. In the conclusion, we propose an updated definition of HHD and a matrix for clinical classification, which we suspect will be useful in practice, allowing an individual approach to HHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Nemtsova
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Internal Diseases and Family Medicine Department, Educational and Scientific Medical Institute of National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», 61000 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Annina S. Vischer
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Burkard
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Ali F, Khan A, Muhammad SA, Hassan SSU. Quantitative Real-Time Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Peripheral Blood Samples of Hypertension Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020187. [PMID: 35205232 PMCID: PMC8872078 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is considered one of the most important and well-established reasons for cardiovascular abnormalities, strokes, and premature mortality globally. This study was designed to explore possible differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. To identify the DEGs of HTN, we investigated 22 publicly available cDNA Affymetrix datasets using an integrated system-level framework. Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and transcriptional factors were analyzed to reveal biological information. From 50 DEGs, we ranked 7 hypertension-related genes (p-value < 0.05): ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, EDN, NFIL3, MSR1, and CEBPD. The enriched terms revealed significant functional roles of HIF-1-α transcription; endothelin; GPCR-binding ligand; and signaling pathways of EGF, PIk3, and ARF6. SP1 (66.7%), KLF7 (33.3%), and STAT1 (16.7%) are transcriptional factors associated with the regulatory mechanism. The expression profiles of these DEGs as verified by qPCR showed 3-times higher fold changes (2−ΔΔCt) in ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, and EDN1 genes compared to control, while CEBPD, MSR1 and NFIL3 were downregulated. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with the pathophysiological development and cardiovascular abnormalities. This study will help to modulate the therapeutic strategies of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Arifullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
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Ali F, Fang HL, Shah FA, Muhammad SA, Khan A, Li S. Reprofiling analysis of FDA approved drugs with upregulated differential expression genes found in hypertension. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Ghanizada H, Al-Karagholi MAM, Arngrim N, Mørch-Rasmussen M, Walker CS, Hay DL, Ashina M. Effect of Adrenomedullin on Migraine-Like Attacks in Patients With Migraine: A Randomized Crossover Study. Neurology 2021; 96:e2488-e2499. [PMID: 33827963 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the IV infusion of adrenomedullin, a potent vasodilator belonging to calcitonin family of peptides, provokes attacks of migraine in patients. METHODS Twenty patients with migraine without aura participated in a placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical study. In a randomized crossover design, the patients received an IV infusion of human adrenomedullin (19.9 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (saline) administrated via an automated IV pump (20 minutes). The patients participated in 2 study days with a washout period of minimum of 7 days. The primary outcome of the study was predefined as a difference in migraine incidence (0-12 hours), and the secondary outcomes were the area under curve (AUC0-12 hours) for the headache intensity score and AUC0-90 minutes for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), flushing, and heart rate (HR). RESULTS Eleven patients with migraine without aura (55%) fulfilled migraine attacks criteria after adrenomedullin infusion compared to only 3 patients who reported attack (15%) after placebo (p = 0.039). We found that patients reported in a period of 0 to 12 hours stronger headache intensity after adrenomedullin compared to placebo infusion (p = 0.035). AUC0-90 minutes value for HR and flushing (p < 0.05) was significant and for MAP (p = 0.502) remained unchanged. Common reported adverse events were facial flushing, heat sensation, and palpitation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data implicate adrenomedullin in migraine pathogenesis. This suggests that adrenomedullin or its receptors are novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of migraine. However, we cannot discount the possibility that adrenomedullin may be acting through the canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04111484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashmat Ghanizada
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nanna Arngrim
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mette Mørch-Rasmussen
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S Walker
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Messoud Ashina
- From the Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology (H.G., M.A.-M.A.-K., N.A., M.M.-R., M.A.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.L.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Yoshimoto T, Saito S, Omae K, Hattori Y, Fukuma K, Kitamura K, Kakuta R, Kita T, Maruyama H, Yamamoto H, Ihara M. Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase-II Trial: AdrenoMedullin for Ischemic Stroke Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105761. [PMID: 33813084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adrenomedullin (AM), a vasoactive peptide, has strong anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties, which have been reported to ameliorate the consequences of ischemic stroke in several animal models. After a phase I study in healthy volunteers, two phase II trials of AM for inflammatory bowel diseases have been recently completed. The current AdrenoMedullin For Ischemic Stroke (AMFIS) study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of AM in patients with acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AMFIS study is an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, phase-II trial. AM or placebo will be administered to patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke within 24 h after stroke onset. In the first cohort of the AMFIS study, patients will be randomly allocated to the investigation treatment A (30 μg/kg of AM in total for 7 days, n = 20) or placebo group (n = 10). In the second cohort, patients will be assigned to the investigation treatment B (56 μg/kg of AM in total for 7 days, n = 20) or placebo group (n = 10). RESULTS Serious adverse events related to the protocol treatment will be evaluated as the primary outcome. All adverse events will be analyzed as the secondary outcome. Regarding efficacy endpoints, the change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale scores will be compared between investigation treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS AM is expected to be a safe and effective treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Omae
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Fukuma
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Division of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kakuta
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kita
- Division of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Haruko Yamamoto
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
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Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin as a New Biomarker of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases-Is It the Future? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030524. [PMID: 33540505 PMCID: PMC7867137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease and concomitant chronic kidney disease among the aging populations is responsible for considerable growth of mortality. Additionally, frequent, prolonged hospitalizations and long-term treatment generates progressive decline in bodily functions as well as substantial public health and economic burden. Accessibility to easy, non-invasive prognostic markers able to detect patients at risk of cardiovascular events may improve effective therapy and mitigate disease progression. Moreover, an early diagnosis allows time for implementation of prophylactic and educational programs that may result in decreased morbidity, improved quality of life and reduced public health expenditure. One of the promising candidates for a novel cardiovascular biomarker is mid-regional proadrenomedullin, a derivative of adrenomedullin. Adrenomedullin is a peptide hormone known for its vasodilatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and antifibrotic effects. A remarkable advantage of mid-regional proadrenomedullin is its longer half-life which is a prerequisite for plasma measurements. These review aims to discuss the importance of mid-regional proadrenomedullin with reference to its usefulness as a biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk and kidney disease progression.
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7
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Jargin SV. Back to the topic: high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 75:311. [PMID: 33130577 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- Department of Public Health, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moskva, Russian Federation
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8
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Koc Yildirim E, Dedeoglu Z, Kaya M, Uner AG. The effect of swimming training on adrenomedullin levels, oxidative stress variables, and gastrocnemius muscle contractile properties in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:131-137. [PMID: 32985250 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1825726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Aim: Regular exercise may have beneficial effects on high blood-pressure, as shown in different types of experimental hypertension models in rats. The present study aims to investigate the effects of 6-week swimming training on blood pressure, oxidative stress variables of selected tissues, serum adrenomedullin (ADM) levels, and in situ muscle contraction in rats with hypertension induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOs). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six male Sprague Dawley, 8 weeks of age, rats were randomly divided into four groups: (I) normotensive (C), (II) normotensive + exercise (E), (III) hypertensive (L), and (IV) hypertensive + exercise (LE). Hypertension was induced by the oral administration of L-NAME (60 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Exercise was performed 5 times (1-h each) per week for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood and tissue samples (the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, kidney, and thoracic aorta) were collected following contractile properties of the gastrocnemius muscle in situ weredetermined. In the collected tissues, oxidative stress (e.g., lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity) and serum ADM levels were measured. 6-week L-NAME administration per se (Group L) led to a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to other groups. Results: Importantly, 6-week exercise caused a protective effect of high blood pressure in the rats received L-NAME (Group LE). The level of ADM was lower in the rats received L-NAME than that of the control group. L-NAME increased lipid peroxidation in the thoracic aorta and decreased superoxide dismutase in the heart, kidney and muscle, and decreased catalase and glutathione in the heart. However, the exercise intervention did not have protective effect on the L-NAME-mediated oxidative damage in the collected tissues. Conclusion: In conclusion, 6-week exercise intervention rescued rats from high blood pressure, but did not have ameliorative effect on the decreased ADM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Koc Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Zahide Dedeoglu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Zootechny, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Aykut G Uner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
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9
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Iring A, Jin YJ, Albarrán-Juárez J, Siragusa M, Wang S, Dancs PT, Nakayama A, Tonack S, Chen M, Künne C, Sokol AM, Günther S, Martínez A, Fleming I, Wettschureck N, Graumann J, Weinstein LS, Offermanns S. Shear stress-induced endothelial adrenomedullin signaling regulates vascular tone and blood pressure. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2775-2791. [PMID: 31205027 DOI: 10.1172/jci123825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and stroke. Major determinants of blood pressure are vasodilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) released from the endothelium under the influence of fluid shear stress exerted by the flowing blood. Several endothelial signaling processes mediating fluid shear stress-induced formation and release of vasodilatory factors have been described. It is, however, still poorly understood how fluid shear stress induces these endothelial responses. Here we show that the endothelial mechanosensitive cation channel PIEZO1 mediated fluid shear stress-induced release of adrenomedullin, which in turn activated its Gs-coupled receptor. The subsequent increase in cAMP levels promoted the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine 633 through protein kinase A (PKA), leading to the activation of the enzyme. This Gs/PKA-mediated pathway synergized with the AKT-mediated pathways leading to eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177. Mice with endothelium-specific deficiency of adrenomedullin, the adrenomedullin receptor, or Gαs showed reduced flow-induced eNOS activation and vasodilation and developed hypertension. Our data identify fluid shear stress-induced PIEZO1 activation as a central regulator of endothelial adrenomedullin release and establish the adrenomedullin receptor and subsequent Gs-mediated formation of cAMP as a critical endothelial mechanosignaling pathway regulating basal endothelial NO formation, vascular tone, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Iring
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Péter T Dancs
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akiko Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anna M Sokol
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Cui Y, Zhu Z, Qi X, Li H, Wu Y, Chen W, Liu Y. Relationship between circulating concentration of Ang II, ADM and ADT and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3167-3175. [PMID: 31217886 PMCID: PMC6556659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common structural damage in hypertensive complication and is an independent risk factor for assessing cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was explore the relationship between plasma concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II), Adrenomedulin (ADM) and adrenotensin (ADT) in patients with hypertension and LVH. METHODS We enrolled 310 hypertensive patients from the department of cardiology of Tianjin Union Medical Center as the hypertension group and 39 healthy subjects as control group. Further grouping according to the LVMI (male LVMI≥115 g/m2, female LVMI≥95 g/m2) values for determining LVH in the 2013 ESC Hypertension Management Guidelines. Plasma levels of Ang II, ADM and ADT were measured using ELISA assay. RESULTS The levels of plasma Ang II and ADM in essential hypertension (EH) were significantly higher than control group, and the essential hypertension combined left ventricular hypertrophy (EHCLVH) group was higher than essential hypertension not with left ventricular hypertrophy (EHNLVH) group (P<0.05). Correlation analyze showed that left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was positively related to Ang II and ADM, and negatively related to ADT. Logistic regression analyze indicated that LVH are strongly linked with systolic blood pressure (SBP), Ang II, ADM and ADT. ROC curve showed ADM and ADT have similar value in distinguish LVH. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of Ang II, ADM and ADT might act as indicator to identify hypertensive LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Cui
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin 300121, China
| | - Huihui Li
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin 300121, China
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11
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Öztop M, Özbek M, Liman N, Beyaz F, Ergün E, Ergün L. Localization profiles of natriuretic peptides in hearts of pre-hibernating and hibernating Anatolian ground squirrels (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus). Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:45-65. [PMID: 30689110 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-9745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) is a typical example of true mammalian hibernators. In order to adapt to extreme external and internal environments during hibernation, they lower their body temperatures, heart rates and oxygen consumption; however, pathological events such as ischemia and ventricular fibrillation do not occur in their cardiovascular systems. During the hibernation, maintenance of cardiac function is very important for survival of ground squirrels. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are key factors in the regulation of cardiovascular hemostasis. Since NPs' role on the protection of heart during hibernation are less clear, the aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes in NPs content in the cardiac chambers and to reveal the possible role of NPs on establishing cardiac function in ground squirrel during hibernation using immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results indicate that cardiac NP expressions in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes were different from each other and were sex-independent. ANP and BNP were expressed in a chamber-dependent manner in female and male squirrel hearts. Furthermore, cardiac NPs expression levels in hibernation period were lower than those at the pre-hibernation period. During prehibernation period, ANP, BNP and CNP were expressed in the white and beige adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT); while during hibernation period, the brown adipocytes of EAT were positive for BNP and CNP. These data suggest that the hibernation-dependent reduction in levels of NPs, particularly ANP, in cardiac chambers and EAT may be associated with low heart rate and oxygen consumption during hibernation. However, further studies are needed to better delineate the roles of NPs during the hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Öztop
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Özbek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Ergün
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Ergün
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Tamura S, Iwata S, Ito A, Ishikawa S, Mizutani K, Izumiya Y, Yamada T, Murakami T, Shibata T, Yoshiyama M. Greater Nocturnal Blood Pressure Is Associated With Natriuretic Peptide Level in Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ J 2019; 83:447-451. [PMID: 30464111 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although careful monitoring of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is recommended to prevent missing the optimal timing of surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, prophylactic treatment that could extend the asymptomatic period remains unknown. In a hypertensive population, high blood pressure (BP) measured at the doctor's office is known to be associated with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, a surrogate marker for symptomatic deterioration in AS. Little is known regarding the association between nocturnal BP variables and BNP in severe AS with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Methods and Results: The subjects consisted of 78 severe AS patients (mean age, 79±6 years) with preserved EF. Nocturnal BP was measured hourly using a home BP monitoring device. On multiple regression analysis, nocturnal mean systolic BP (SBP) remained independently associated with BNP after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, antihypertensive medication class, early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and left ventricular mass index (P=0.03), whereas diastolic BP (DBP) and variables of BP variability were not. CONCLUSIONS Higher nocturnal SBP rather than DBP or indices of BP variability was independently associated with BNP in AS patients with preserved EF. Intervention for nocturnal SBP may therefore extend the asymptomatic period and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Tamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinichi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Asahiro Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sera Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuki Mizutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tokuhiro Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
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13
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Idzikowska K, Zielińska M. Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, an important member of the natriuretic peptide family: potential role in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3017-3029. [PMID: 30027789 PMCID: PMC6134641 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518786907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), first isolated in 1981, is a novel peptide with multiple biological functions, especially within the cardiovascular system. This peptide plays an important role in many processes, including natriuresis, diuresis, and other physiological and pathophysiological pathways in the human body. Several electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were analyzed in the present literature review. The aim of this study was to elucidate the wide roles of MR-proANP, which can be analyzed because of the development of a new sandwich immunoassay, and to determine the possible diagnostic and prognostic implications of MR-proANP on cardiovascular disease and other disorders. The studies discussed in this literature review provide valuable data on the role of ANP in the pathogenesis, diagnostic process, prognosis, and potential therapeutic strategies for disease. Although ANP is mainly associated with cardiovascular disease, it may be used as a biomarker in diabetology, neurology, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Idzikowska
- Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic, Department of Invasive Cardiology and Electrocardiology, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzenna Zielińska
- Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic, Department of Invasive Cardiology and Electrocardiology, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS, Sherief T. Plasma adrenomedullin level in children with obesity: relationship to left ventricular function. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:84-91. [PMID: 29411326 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children are at increased risk for abnormal cardiac structure and function. Little is known about adrenomedullin (AM), a cytokine produced in various organs and tissues, as a biomarker of cardiac hypertrophy in obese children. This study aimed to assess the plasma AM levels in a cohort of obese children and its relationship to left ventricular (LV) functions. METHODS The study included 60 obese children and 60 non-obese children matched for age and gender as control group. Blood pressure, serum lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin and plasma AM and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. Cardiac dimensions and LV functions were assessed using conventional echocardiography. RESULTS Compared to control subjects, obese children had higher blood pressure (P = 0.01), insulin (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.001), and AM (P = 0.001). Moreover, obese children had higher LV mass index (LVMI) (P = 0.001), indicating LV hypertrophy; prolonged isovolumic relaxation times (P = 0.01), prolonged mitral deceleration time (DcT) (P = 0.01) and reduced ratio of mitral E-to-mitral A-wave peak velocity (P = 0.01), indicating LV diastolic dysfunction. Laboratory abnormalities were only present in children with LV hypertrophy. In multivariate analysis in obese children with LV hypertrophy, AM levels were positively correlated with LVMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.08-1.13, P = 0.0001] and mitral DcT (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.15-2.05, P = 0.01) in the presence of higher blood pressure and HOMA-IR. A cut-off value of AM at 52 pg/mL could differentiate obese children with and without left ventricular hypertrophy at a sensitivity of 94.32% and specificity of 92.45%. CONCLUSIONS Plasma AM levels may be elevated in obese children particularly those with LV hypertrophy and is correlated with higher blood pressure and insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma AM levels in obese children may help to identify those at high risk of developing LV hypertrophy and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abbass Metwalley
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, B.O, Assiut, 71111, Egypt.
| | - Hekma Saad Farghaly
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, B.O, Assiut, 71111, Egypt
| | - Tahra Sherief
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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15
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Adrenomedullin protects Leydig cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction via MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16479. [PMID: 29184072 PMCID: PMC5705677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possible benefits of adrenomedullin (ADM) in preventing oxidative stress and inflammation by using an in vitro primary culture model of rat Leydig cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell proliferation was detected through CCK-8 and BrdU incorporation assays. ROS were determined with a DCFDA kit, and cytokine concentrations were measured with ELISA assay kits. Protein production was examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot, and gene expression was observed through RT-qPCR. Results revealed that ADM significantly reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity, and pretreatment with ADM significantly suppressed ROS overproduction and decreased 4-HNE and 8-OHdG expression levels and concentrations. ADM pretreatment also significantly attenuated the overactivation of enzymatic antioxidants, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. ADM supplementation reversed the significantly increased gene expression levels and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and MIF. ADM pretreatment significantly inhibited the gene expression and protein production of TLR-2 and 4. Furthermore, ADM pretreatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK 1/2 and p38, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings demonstrated that ADM protects Leydig cells from LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which might be associated with MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways.
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16
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Holm H, Nägga K, Nilsson ED, Ricci F, Melander O, Hansson O, Bachus E, Magnusson M, Fedorowski A. Biomarkers of microvascular endothelial dysfunction predict incident dementia: a population-based prospective study. J Intern Med 2017; 282:94-101. [PMID: 28407377 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral endothelial dysfunction occurs in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Whether biomarkers of microvascular endothelial dysfunction can predict dementia is largely unknown. We explored the longitudinal association of midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), C-terminal endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) with dementia and subtypes amongst community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A population-based cohort of 5347 individuals (men, 70%; age, 69 ± 6 years) without prevalent dementia provided plasma for determination of MR-proANP, CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM. Three-hundred-and-seventy-three patients (7%) were diagnosed with dementia (120 Alzheimer's disease, 83 vascular, 102 mixed, and 68 other aetiology) over a period of 4.6 ± 1.3 years. Relations between baseline biomarker plasma concentrations and incident dementia were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Higher levels of MR-proANP were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and vascular dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.36; P = 0.002, and 1.52; 1.21-1.89; P < 0.001, respectively). Risk of all-cause dementia increased across the quartiles of MR-proANP (p for linear trend = 0.004; Q4, 145-1681 pmol L-1 vs. Q1, 22-77 pmol L-1 : HR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.23-2.71) and was most pronounced for vascular type (p for linear trend = 0.005: HR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.14-6.46). Moreover, the two highest quartiles of CT-proET-1 predicted vascular dementia with a cut-off value at 68 pmol L-1 (Q3-Q4, 68-432 pmol L-1 vs. Q1-Q2,4-68 pmol L-1 ; HR: 1.94; 95%CI: 1.12-3.36). Elevated levels of MR-proADM indicated no increased risk of developing dementia after adjustment for traditional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma concentration of MR-proANP is an independent predictor of all-cause and vascular dementia. Pronounced increase in CT-proET-1 indicates higher risk of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Nägga
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E D Nilsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F Ricci
- Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Bachus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Fedorowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Fischer JP, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin 2.0: Adjusting Key Levers for Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5695-705. [PMID: 27166982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 52 amino acid peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) plays a major role in the development and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system and has therefore gained significant interest for clinical applications. Because adrenomedullin exhibits low metabolic stability, enhancement of the plasma half-life is essential for peptide-based drug design. Fluorescently labeled ADM analogues synthesized by Fmoc/t-Bu solid phase peptide synthesis were used to analyze their enzymatic degradation and specific fragmentation pattern in human blood plasma. The determination of important cleavage sites allowed the development of selectively modified peptides in a rational approach. By combination of palmitoylation, lactam-bridging, and Nα-methylation, ADM analogues protected from enzymatic cleavage in human blood were developed and revealed an explicitly elongated half-life of 5 days in comparison to the wild-type in vitro. This triple-modification did not alter the selectivity of the analogues at the AM1 receptor, highlighting their potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer Pharma AG , Aprather Weg 18A, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
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