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Kamal R, Awasthi A, Pundir M, Thakur S. Healing the diabetic wound: Unlocking the secrets of genes and pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176645. [PMID: 38759707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds (DWs) are open sores that can occur anywhere on a diabetic patient's body. They are often complicated by infections, hypoxia, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and reduced growth factors and nucleic acids. The healing process involves four phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, regulated by various cellular and molecular events. Numerous genes and signaling pathways such as VEGF, TGF-β, NF-κB, PPAR-γ, MMPs, IGF, FGF, PDGF, EGF, NOX, TLR, JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, ERK, JNK, p38, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, FAK, Integrin, and Src pathways are involved in these events. These pathways and genes are often dysregulated in DWs leading to impaired healing. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, healing process, signaling pathways, and genes involved in DW. Further, various therapeutic strategies that target these pathways and genes via nanotechnology are also discussed. Additionally, clinical trials on DW related to gene therapy are also covered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Mandeep Pundir
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RIMT University, Punjab, 142001, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Rajalekshmy GP, Ramesan RM, Geetha CS, Pratheesh KV, Shenoy SJ, Anilkumar TV. In Vivo Wound-Healing Efficacy of Insulin-Loaded Strontium-Cross-Linked Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Diabetic Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2552-2566. [PMID: 38450650 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The wound-healing effect of insulin is well studied and reported. However, prolonged topical application of insulin without compromising its biological activity is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of topically delivered insulin on promoting wound healing in diabetic animals was evaluated. Alginate diamine PEG-g-poly(PEGMA) (ADPM2S2) was the material used for the topical delivery of insulin. ADPM2S2 hydrogels release insulin and strontium ions, and they synergistically act to regulate different phases of wound healing. Insulin was released from the ADPM2S2 hydrogel for a period of 48 h, maintaining its structural stability and biological activity. In vitro studies were performed under high-glucose conditions to evaluate the wound-healing potential of insulin. Insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 hydrogels showed significant improvement in cell migration, proliferation, and collagen deposition, compared to control cells under high-glucose conditions. Immunostaining studies in L929 cells showed a reduction in phospho Akt expression under high-glucose conditions, and in the presence of insulin, the expression increased. The gene expression studies revealed that insulin plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory phase and macrophage polarization, which favors accelerated wound closure. In vivo experiments in diabetic rat excision wounds treated with insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 showed 95% wound closure within 14 days compared with 82% in control groups. Thus, both the in vitro and in vivo results signify the therapeutic potential of topically delivered insulin in wound management under high-glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rajalekshmy
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Rekha M Ramesan
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - C Surendran Geetha
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Kanakarajan V Pratheesh
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V Anilkumar
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
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Beheshtizadeh N, Salimi A, Golmohammadi M, Ansari JM, Azami M. In-silico engineering of RNA nanoplatforms to promote the diabetic wound healing. BMC Chem 2023; 17:52. [PMID: 37291669 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most notable required features of wound healing is the enhancement of angiogenesis, which aids in the acceleration of regeneration. Poor angiogenesis during diabetic wound healing is linked to a shortage of pro-angiogenic or an increase in anti-angiogenic factors. As a result, a potential treatment method is to increase angiogenesis promoters and decrease suppressors. Incorporating microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), two forms of quite small RNA molecules, is one way to make use of RNA interference. Several different types of antagomirs and siRNAs are now in the works to counteract the negative effects of miRNAs. The purpose of this research is to locate novel antagonists for miRNAs and siRNAs that target multiple genes to promote angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic ulcers.In this context, we used gene ontology analysis by exploring across several datasets. Following data analysis, it was processed using a systems biology approach. The feasibility of incorporating the proposed siRNAs and miRNA antagomirs into polymeric bioresponsive nanocarriers for wound delivery was further investigated by means of a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study. Among the three nanocarriers tested (Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polyethylenimine (PEI), and Chitosan (CTS), MD simulations show that the integration of PLGA/hsa-mir-422a is the most stable (total energy = -1202.62 KJ/mol, Gyration radius = 2.154 nm, and solvent-accessible surface area = 408.416 nm2). With values of -25.437 KJ/mol, 0.047 nm for the Gyration radius, and 204.563 nm2 for the SASA, the integration of the second siRNA/ Chitosan took the last place. The results of the systems biology and MD simulations show that the suggested RNA may be delivered through bioresponsive nanocarriers to speed up wound healing by boosting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Students? Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahsa Golmohammadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mohajer Ansari
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Jomhuri Eslami Blvd, Bandar Abbas, 7919915519, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Jere SW, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in diabetic fibroblast cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B: BIOLOGY 2022; 237:112590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu Z, Niu X, Wang J. Naringenin as a natural immunomodulator against T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases: literature review and network-based pharmacology study. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11026-11043. [PMID: 35776085 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antitumor properties, which have been verified in animal autoimmune disease models. However, naringenin's possible effects and molecular mechanisms in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases are unclear. This review summarizes the findings of previous studies and predicts the target of naringenin in T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis through network pharmacology analysis. We performed DAVID enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking to predict the positive effect of naringenin on T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. Sixteen common genes were screened, among which the core genes were PTGS2, ESR1, CAT, CASP3, MAPK1, and AKT1. The possible molecular mechanism relates to HIF-1, estrogen, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings have significance for future naringenin treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinli Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic mice in excision and pressure experimental wounds. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:595-613. [PMID: 35386010 PMCID: PMC9110453 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models for chronic skin lesions are excision and pressure ulcer, defined as “open” and “closed” lesions, respectively, only the latter characterized by tissue hypoxia. Moreover, systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, affect wound repair. Thus, models for testing new therapies should be carefully selected according to the expected targets. In this study, we present an extensive and comparative histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization of these two lesions in diabetic (db/db) and non-diabetic (C57BL/6 J) mice. In db/db mice, we found significant reduction in PGP9.5-IR innervation, reduction of capillary network, and reduced expression of NGF receptors. We found an increase in VEGF receptor Kdr expression, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway at the core of the altered molecular network. Db/db mice with pressure ulcers showed an impairment in the molecular regulation of hypoxia-related genes (Hif1a, Flt1, and Kdr), while extracellular matrix encoding genes (Itgb3, Timp1, Fn1, Col4a1) were upregulated by hyperglycemia and lesions. Overall, the molecular analysis suggests that db/db mice have a longer inflammatory phase of the wound repair process, delaying the progression toward the proliferation and remodeling phases.
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Mirzadegan E, Golshahi H, Saffarian Z, Darzi M, Khorasani S, Edalatkhah H, Saliminejad K, Kazemnejad S. The remarkable effect of menstrual blood stem cells seeded on bilayer scaffold composed of amniotic membrane and silk fibroin aiming to promote wound healing in diabetic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108404. [PMID: 34863653 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired chronic wound healing frequently occurs in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) in combination with bilayer scaffold consisted of human amniotic membrane (AM) and electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers could potentially promote wound healing in diabetic mice. METHODS & METHODS Two bilateral full-thickness wounds were created on dorsal skin of type-1 diabetic mice model and animals were equally divided in four groups including: no-treatment group (NT), amniotic membrane treated group (AM), bilayer scaffold treated group (bSC), and MenSCs-seeded bilayer scaffold treated group (bSC + MenSCs). Wound healing evaluations were performed at 3, 7, and 14 days after their treatment. The wound healing was analyzed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations, and immunofluorescence staining of involucrin (IVL), type III collagen, CD31/ von Willebrand factor (vWF), and PGP9.5 were performed. Furthermore, number of neutrophils and macrophages and subpopulation of macrophages were assessed. In addition, the expression of Egr2, Mmp9, CXCL12, IDO1, Ptgs2 and VEGFA transcripts involved in wound repair were also analyzed. RESULTS After 14 days, the best epidermal and dermal regeneration belonged to the cases received bSC + MenSCs as wound dressing. Moreover, the wound healing was typically faster in this group compared to other groups. Immunofluorescence evaluation represented higher levels of CD31 and VWF, higher ratio of M2/M1 macrophages, greater expression of IVL, and higher levels of the PGP9.5 in the bSC + MenSCs group in comparison with other groups. Expression analysis of assessed genes also supported assumption of more regeneration and healing in the bSC + MenSCs group versus other groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate that enhanced immunomodulatory and reparative properties of MenSCs in conjunction with bilayer scaffold specified this cellular skin substitute for modulating wound chronicity and contribution to resolution of wound healing process in diabetic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mirzadegan
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Golshahi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Saffarian
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darzi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Khorasani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Edalatkhah
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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MiR-195-5p and miR-205-5p in extracellular vesicles isolated from diabetic foot ulcer wound fluid decrease angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGFA expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19805-19821. [PMID: 34370714 PMCID: PMC8386552 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are recalcitrant to healing, and poor angiogenesis is considered as the main contributing factor. We aimed to explore the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from wound fluids on new vessel formation in diabetic foot ulcers. EVs were isolated from wound fluids of diabetic foot ulcers (DF-EVs). The inhibitory effect of DF-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and wound healing was tested. To elucidate the potential mechanism of these effects, we screened the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in DF-EVs via microarray analysis and verified the upregulation of miR-195-5p and miR-205-5p in DF-EVs via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Further dual-luciferase reporter assays and overexpression experiments proved these two miRNAs inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) directly to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of VEGFA and, in turn, promoted an inhibitory effect of DF-EVs on angiogenesis and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Our study shows EVs in the wound fluids of diabetic foot ulcer lesions carrying antiangiogenic miR-195-5p and miR-205-5p negatively regulated angiogenesis and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot.
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Banerjee A, Koul V, Bhattacharyya J. Fabrication of In Situ Layered Hydrogel Scaffold for the Co-delivery of PGDF-BB/Chlorhexidine to Regulate Proinflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors, and MMP-9 in a Diabetic Skin Defect Albino Rat Model. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1885-1900. [PMID: 33899465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated impairments in wound healing include prolonged inflammation, the overexpression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and low levels of growth factors at the wound site. To this end, a layer-by-layer scaffold (SL-B-L) made of cross-linked silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid is developed to deliver chlorhexidine, an antimicrobial agent and an MMP-9 inhibitor, along with the PDGF-BB protein. SL-B-L exhibited highly porous morphology. Diabetic rats treated with SL-B-L demonstrated an early wound closure, a fully reconstructed epithelial layer by 14 days, and reduced levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and MMP-9. Interestingly, SL-B-L treatment increased angiogenesis, the bioavailability of collagen, DNA content, and VEGF-A levels. Furthermore, enhanced keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction along with ordered collagen deposition was observed in SL-B-L-treated rats. Most interestingly, when compared with a clinically used scaffold SEESKIN+, SL-B-L outperformed in promoting wound healing in a diabetic rat model by regulating the inflammation while delivering growth factor and the MMP-9 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Banerjee
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Tan S, Zang G, Wang Y, Sun Z, Li Y, Lu C, Wang Z. Differences of Angiogenesis Factors in Tumor and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3375-3388. [PMID: 34335038 PMCID: PMC8318726 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s315362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, as a process occurring under the regulation of a variety of factors, is one of the important ways of vascular development. It coexists in a variety of pathological and physiological processes. Now a large number of studies have proved that tumor growth, metastasis, and various vascular complications of diabetes are closely related to angiogenesis, and an increasing number of studies have shown that there are many common factors between the two. But angiogenesis is the opposite of the two: it is enhanced in tumors and suppressed in diabetes. Therefore, this review discusses the causes of the phenomenon from the expression of various factors affecting angiogenesis in these two diseases and their effects on angiogenesis in the relevant microenvironment, as well as the application status of these factors or cells as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- General Office, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Cheng Lu General Office, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China, +86 511 88986902 Email
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Zhongqun Wang Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 511 85030586 Email
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Gong R, Zuo C, Wu K, Zhang S, Qin X, Li Y, Gao X, Huang D, Lin M. A Comparison of Subconjunctival Wound Healing between Different Methods of Dissecting Subconjunctival Tissues. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:99-107. [PMID: 32564013 DOI: 10.1159/000509551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare different methods for dissecting subconjunctival tissues by developing subconjunctival wound healing models. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits were separated into 3 groups based on the method by which the rabbit subconjunctival wound healing model was generated: subconjunctival tissues were dissected episclerally (EPI) or subepithelially (SUB), with a corresponding blank control (CON). All the cases in the experimental groups were surgically prepared with conjunctival flaps, and they were sacrificed on the third postoperative day. At the surgical sites, the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 were detected by Western blot, morphological vascularity was measured by Adobe Photoshop, and subconjunctival fibrosis was assessed by histology. RESULTS Compared with the CON group, both the EPI and SUB groups showed significantly upregulated protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and MMP-2. In addition, the protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and MMP-2 were higher in the EPI group than in the SUB group. Morphological vascularity was significantly elevated in the EPI group compared with the SUB and CON groups. Collagen content was markedly increased in the EPI group compared with the SUB and CON groups. CONCLUSIONS Dissecting subconjunctival tissues subepithelially inhibits subconjunctival fibrosis, which may be instructive in tenonectomy in filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengguo Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
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Zheng J, Chen M, Ye C, Sun X, Jiang N, Zou X, Yang H, Liu H. BuZangTongLuo decoction improved hindlimb ischemia by activating angiogenesis and regulating gut microbiota in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112330. [PMID: 31654796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seven traditional medicinal plants (including Astragalus membranaceus, Dioscorea hemsleyi, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Panax ginseng and Fritillariae cirrhosae) and one insect leech (Whitmania pigra Whitman) were combined into BuZangTongLuo formula (BZTLF) under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine. BZTLF is potentially effective against diabetic vascular complications. AIM OF THE STUDY Previous studies failed to clarify the molecular mechanism through which BZTLF suppressed diabetic ischemia. In this study, we aimed to explore whether BZTLF treatment could prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetic (T2D) hindlimb ischemia in mice. Further, we investigated the regulatory effect of BZTLF on angiogenesis-related VEGF signaling pathway and gut microbiota dysfunction in diabetic ischemia mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) received STZ injection and femoral artery ligation to build T2D diabetic hindlimb ischemia model. Mice were gavaged with BZTLF (5 g [raw materials]/kg/d) or with metformin plus atorvastatin for three weeks. Laser doppler imaging system was utilized for the visualization of blood flow. Histochemistry analysis was performed for microvascular vessel staining. Western blot was applied to detect the protein changes of signaling molecules responsible for VEGF pathway. Finally, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was conducted for analysis of gut microbiota structure. RESULTS BZTLF treatment remarkably restored blood flow and capillary density of diabetic hindlimb ischemia. And the protein changes of VEGF signaling molecules were reversed in BZTLF-treated diabetic ischemia mice, including the decreased VEGF and HIF-1α, and the increased NO, eNOS and p-ERK1/2. The gut microbiota analysis suggests that BZTLF treatment increased the abundances of several beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides), while decreased the populations of some harmful bacteria(Blautia, Weissella, Escherichia Shigella and Kurthia). By using Spearman's correlation analysis, these changed gut flora were positively/negatively correlated with VEGF signaling pathway or glycometabolic parameters. CONCLUSION BZTLF displayed beneficial effects on diabetic hindlimb ischemia by reshaping the gut microbiota structure and stunning the VEGF/HIF-1α pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/microbiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Hindlimb/blood supply
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Ischemia/drug therapy
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Ischemia/microbiology
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Man Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Wuhan, 430050, China
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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13
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Role of the PI3K/AKT (mTOR and GSK3β) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Nagaraja S, Chen L, DiPietro LA, Reifman J, Mitrophanov AY. Predictive Approach Identifies Molecular Targets and Interventions to Restore Angiogenesis in Wounds With Delayed Healing. Front Physiol 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31191342 PMCID: PMC6547939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of wounds with delayed healing, and currently used therapies to restore angiogenesis have limited efficacy. Here, we employ a computational simulation-based approach to identify influential molecular and cellular processes, as well as protein targets, whose modulation may stimulate angiogenesis in wounds. We developed a mathematical model that captures the time courses for platelets, 9 cell types, 29 proteins, and oxygen, which are involved in inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis during wound healing. We validated our model using previously published experimental data. By performing global sensitivity analysis on thousands of simulated wound-healing scenarios, we identified six processes (among the 133 modeled in total) whose modulation may improve angiogenesis in wounds. By simulating knockouts of 25 modeled proteins and by simulating different wound-oxygenation levels, we identified four proteins [namely, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2)], as well as oxygen, as therapeutic targets for stimulating angiogenesis in wounds. Our modeling results indicated that simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and supplementation of either FGF-2 or ANG-2 could be more effective in stimulating wound angiogenesis than the modulation of either protein alone. Our findings suggest experimentally testable intervention strategies to restore angiogenesis in wounds with delayed healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Nagaraja
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Y Mitrophanov
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Heun Y, Pogoda K, Anton M, Pircher J, Pfeifer A, Woernle M, Ribeiro A, Kameritsch P, Mykhaylyk O, Plank C, Kroetz F, Pohl U, Mannell H. HIF-1α Dependent Wound Healing Angiogenesis In Vivo Can Be Controlled by Site-Specific Lentiviral Magnetic Targeting of SHP-2. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1616-1627. [PMID: 28434868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes vascularization by stabilization and activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which constitutes a target for angiogenic gene therapy. However, gene therapy is hampered by low gene delivery efficiency and non-specific side effects. Here, we developed a gene transfer technique based on magnetic targeting of magnetic nanoparticle-lentivirus (MNP-LV) complexes allowing site-directed gene delivery to individual wounds in the dorsal skin of mice. Using this technique, we were able to control HIF-1α dependent wound healing angiogenesis in vivo via site-specific modulation of the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SHP-2. We thus uncover a novel physiological role of SHP-2 in protecting HIF-1α from proteasomal degradation via a Src kinase dependent mechanism, resulting in HIF-1α DNA-binding and transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. Excitingly, using targeting of MNP-LV complexes, we achieved simultaneous expression of constitutively active as well as inactive SHP-2 mutant proteins in separate wounds in vivo and hereby specifically and locally controlled HIF-1α activity as well as the angiogenic wound healing response in vivo. Therefore, magnetically targeted lentiviral induced modulation of SHP-2 activity may be an attractive approach for controlling patho-physiological conditions relying on hypoxic vessel growth at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonn Heun
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Woernle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Florian Kroetz
- Interventional Cardiology, Starnberg Community Hospital, Osswaldstrasse 1, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Zhang Y, Liu NM, Wang Y, Youn JY, Cai H. Endothelial cell calpain as a critical modulator of angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1326-1335. [PMID: 28366876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent non-lysosomal cysteine proteases. In particular, calpains residing in the endothelial cells play important roles in angiogenesis. It has been shown that calpain activity can be increased in endothelial cells by growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF/VEGFR2 induces calpain 2 dependent activation of PI3K/AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway, and consequent nitric oxide production and physiological angiogenesis. Under pathological conditions such as tumor angiogenesis, endothelial calpains can be activated by hypoxia. This review focuses on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of calpain activation, and the newly identified mechanistic roles and downstream signaling events of calpains in physiological angiogenesis, and in the conditions of pathological tumor angiogenesis and diabetic wound healing, as well as retinopathy and atherosclerosis that are also associated with an increase in calpain activity. Further discussed include the differential strategies of modulating angiogenesis through manipulating calpain expression/activity in different pathological settings. Targeted limitation of angiogenesis in cancer and targeted promotion of angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing via modulations of calpains and calpain-dependent signaling mechanisms are of significant translational potential. Emerging strategies of tissue-specific targeting, environment-dependent targeting, and genome-targeted editing may turn out to be effective regimens for targeted manipulation of angiogenesis through calpain pathways, for differential treatments including both attenuation of tumor angiogenesis and potentiation of diabetic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Norika Mengchia Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA.
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