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Li C, Zhao H, Cheng L, Wang B. Anti-Inflammation, Immunomodulation and Therapeutic Repair in Current Clinical Trials for the Management of COVID-19. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1345-1356. [PMID: 33824579 PMCID: PMC8018429 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread around the world. While prophylactic vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are making great progress, there is still a need to explore safe and effective therapies with biological products for COVID-19. Currently clinical trial efforts are planned and ongoing using different biological agents for anti-inflammatory therapies, immunomodulation, and therapeutic repair in COVID-19. Targeting inflammatory cytokines with antibodies or inhibitors may be an urgent therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Importantly, it is critical for an in-depth understanding of these new clinical therapeutic agents in their conditions that are probably involved in both physiological and pathological host responses. In this article, we analyze the potential implications for the current clinical trials of therapeutic biologics and address issues for the development of the COVID-19-related biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Immune Cell and Stem Cell Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
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He Q, Liu J, Liang J, Liu X, Li W, Liu Z, Ding Z, Tuo D. Towards Improvements for Penetrating the Blood-Brain Barrier-Recent Progress from a Material and Pharmaceutical Perspective. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040024. [PMID: 29570659 PMCID: PMC5946101 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical biological structure that prevents damage to the brain and maintains its bathing microenvironment. However, this barrier is also the obstacle to deliver beneficial drugs to treat CNS (central nervous system) diseases. Many efforts have been made for improvement of delivering drugs across the BBB in recent years to treat CNS diseases. In this review, the anatomical and functional structure of the BBB is comprehensively discussed. The mechanisms of BBB penetration are summarized, and the methods and effects on increasing BBB permeability are investigated in detail. It also elaborates on the physical, chemical, biological and nanocarrier aspects to improve drug delivery penetration to the brain and introduces some specific drug delivery effects on BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanguo He
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Ziyu Ding
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Du Tuo
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
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Yuksel H, Turkeli A. Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis and prognosis of respiratory tract diseases in childhood and adulthood. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1367458. [PMID: 28886270 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1367458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are in direct contact with the environment through the tubular structure that constitutes the airway. Starting from the nasal orifice, the airway is exposed to foreign particles including infectious agents, allergens, and other substances that can damage the airways. Therefore, the airway must have a functional epithelial barrier both in the upper and lower airways to protect against these threats. As with the skin, it is likely that the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is a consequence of epithelial barrier defects in these airways. The characteristics of this system, starting from the beginning of life and extending into maturing and aging, determine the prognosis of respiratory diseases. In this article, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and prognosis of respiratory diseases from newborns to adulthood in the context of epithelial barrier function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turkeli
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
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Zhang R, Ge J. Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Modulates Ve-Cadherin Expression to Affect Human Vascular Endothelial Barrier Function. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4587-4593. [PMID: 28485540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Published data indicate that the protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 is involved in the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases; the underlying mechanism is to be further investigated. Ve-cadherin is a critical molecule in maintaining the endothelial barrier integrity. This study aims to investigate the role of PAR2 activation in compromising the cardiac endothelial barrier function. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Huvec cells) were cultured into monolayers using as an in vitro model of barrier function. The transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and permeability to dextran were assessed as indicators of barrier function. The expression of Ve-cadherin in Huvec cells was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The results showed that exposure to tryptase in the culture, the barrier function of the Huvec monolayers, was markedly compromised; the levels of Ve-cadherin, one of the tight junction proteins, were suppressed as well. This was mimicked by exposing Huvec monolayers to the active PAR2 peptides (PAR2AP). After exposing to PAR2AP, the levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC)11 were increased in the Huvec cells. HDAC11 formed a complex with the transcription factor of Ve-cadherin to attenuate the Erg gene transcription activities and suppressed the expression of Ve-cadherin. In conclusion, activation of PAR2 compromises the vascular endothelial barrier function by suppressing the expression of Ve-cadherin. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4587-4593, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The AnHui Provincial Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The AnHui Provincial Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Peter A, Fatykhova D, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Rueckert J, Neudecker J, Toennies M, Bauer TT, Schneider P, Schimek M, Eggeling S, Suttorp N, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S. Localization and pneumococcal alteration of junction proteins in the human alveolar-capillary compartment. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:707-719. [PMID: 28247028 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of alveolar barrier function with subsequent respiratory failure is a hallmark of severe pneumonia. Although junctions between endo- and epithelial cells regulate paracellular fluid flux, little is known about their composition and regulation in the human alveolar compartment. High autofluorescence of human lung tissue in particular complicates the determination of subcellular protein localization. By comparing conventional channel mode confocal imaging with spectral imaging and linear unmixing, we demonstrate that background fluorescent spectra and fluorophore signals could be rigorously separated resulting in complete recovery of the specific signal at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Using this technique and Western blotting, we show the expression patterns of tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1 as well as claudin-3, -4, -5 and -18 and adherence junction protein VE-cadherin in naive or Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected human lung tissue. In uninfected tissues, occludin and ZO-1 formed band-like structures in alveolar epithelial cells type I (AEC I), alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II) and lung capillaries, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -18 were visualised in AEC II. Claudin-5 was detected in the endothelium only. Claudin-3, -5, -18 displayed continuous band-like structures, while claudin-4 showed a dot-like expression. Pneumococcal infection reduced alveolar occludin, ZO-1, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin but did not change the presence of claudin-3, -4 and -18. Spectral confocal microscopy allows for the subcellular structural analysis of proteins in highly autofluorescent human lung tissue. The thereby observed deterioration of lung alveolar junctional organisation gives a structural explanation for alveolar barrier disruption in severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rueckert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Toennies
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Drontheimer Strasse 39-40, 13359, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schimek
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Huang C, Dong H, Zou M, Luo L, Hu Y, Xie Z, Le Y, Liu L, Zou F, Cai S. Bevacizumab reduced auto-phosphorylation of VEGFR2 to protect HDM-induced asthma mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:181-186. [PMID: 27453339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) is a major angiogenic factor involved in both normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development and wound healing, and in diseases, like cancer. Recent studies have revealed the functions of VEGF in inflammation and immunoregulation. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and imbalance in T-helper (Th) 1/Th2 during immunoregulation. We hypothesized that VEGF plays an important role in asthma. Utilizing a house dust mite extract (HDM)-induced murine model of asthma, we investigated whether bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, could protect the epithelial barrier in murine airways. We found that bevacizumab reduced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation induced by HDM. In addition, HDM exposure promoted expression of VEGF, and caused AHR, disruptions of the epithelial barrier, and airway inflammation. Bevacizumab ameliorated AHR and the release of Th2 cytokines, thereby protecting the epithelial barrier. Our data suggest that bevacizumab may be a new therapeutic strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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