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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Meng T, Ding J, Shen S, Xu Y, Wang P, Song X, Li Y, Li S, Xu M, Tian Z, He Q. Xuanfei Baidu decoction in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Efficacy and potential mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19163. [PMID: 37809901 PMCID: PMC10558324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide and become a major global public health concern. Although novel investigational COVID-19 antiviral candidates such as the Pfizer agent PAXLOVID™, molnupiravir, baricitinib, remdesivir, and favipiravir are currently used to treat patients with COVID-19, there is still a critical need for the development of additional treatments, as the recommended therapeutic options are frequently ineffective against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy and safety of vaccines remain uncertain, particularly with the emergence of several variants. All 10 versions of the National Health Commission's diagnosis and treatment guidelines for COVID-19 recommend using traditional Chinese medicine. Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XFBD) is one of the "three Chinese medicines and three Chinese prescriptions" recommended for COVID-19. This review summarizes the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of action of XFBD for COVID-19 treatment. With XFBD, patients with COVID-19 experience improved clinical symptoms, shorter hospital stay, prevention of the progression of their symptoms from mild to moderate and severe symptoms, and reduced mortality in critically ill patients. The mechanisms of action may be associated with its direct antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties. High-quality clinical and experimental studies are needed to further explore the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of XFBD in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Shujie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Xinbin Song
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shangjin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Ziyu Tian
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
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Zhu Y, Han Q, Wang L, Wang B, Chen J, Cai B, Wu C, Zhu X, Liu F, Han D, Dong H, Jia Y, Liu Y. Jinhua Qinggan granules attenuates acute lung injury by promotion of neutrophil apoptosis and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115763. [PMID: 36183949 PMCID: PMC9523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the fatal complications of respiratory virus infections such as influenza virus and coronavirus, which has high clinical morbidity and mortality. Jinhua Qinggan granules (JHQG) has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of H1N1 influenza and mild or moderate novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an herbal formula developed based on Maxingshigan decoction and Yinqiao powder that have been used to respiratory diseases in China for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of JHQG in treating infectious diseases remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of JHQG on neutrophil apoptosis and key signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced ALI mice in order to explore its mechanism of anti-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of JHQG on survival rate was observed in septic mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 mg/kg). To better pharmacological evaluation, the mice received an intratracheal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS. Lung histopathological changes, wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs, and MPO activity in the lungs and total protein concentration, total cells number, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2 levels in BALF were assessed. Neutrophil apoptosis rate was detected by Ly6G-APC/Annexin V-FITC staining. Key proteins associated with apoptosis including caspase 3/7 activity, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 were measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscope, respectively. TLR4 receptor and its downstream signaling were analyzed by Western blot assay and immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS JHQG treatment at either 6 or 12 g/kg/day resulted in 20% increase of survival in 20 mg/kg LPS-induced mice. In the model of 5 mg/kg LPS-induced mice, JHQG obviously decreased the total protein concentration in BALF, wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs, and lung histological damage. It also attenuated the MPO activity and the proportion of Ly6G staining positive neutrophils in the lungs, as well as the MIP-2 levels in BALF were reduced. JHQG inhibited the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL and enhanced caspase-3/7 activity, indicating that JHQG partially acted in promoting neutrophil apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly declined in LPS-induced mice treated with JHQG. Furthermore, JHQG reduced the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65 and the proportion of nuclei p65, suggesting that JHQG treatment inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION JHQG reduced pulmonary inflammation and protected mice from LPS-induced ALI by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that JHQG may be a promising drug for treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Qianqian Han
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Jianshuang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Bangrong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Can Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Fugang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Deen Han
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Haoran Dong
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yongyan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yalin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Siegel PM, Przewosnik AS, Wrobel J, Heidt T, Moser M, Peter K, Bode C, Diehl P, Bojti I. An activation specific anti-Mac-1 designed ankyrin repeat protein improves survival in a mouse model of acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6296. [PMID: 35428807 PMCID: PMC9012056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening clinical condition. The number of ARDS cases has risen dramatically recently but specific treatment options are limited. ARDS is associated with an overshooting inflammatory response and neutrophils play a central role in its pathogenesis. Neutrophils express the integrin Mac-1 on their surface which adopts a resting and activated conformation depending on leukocyte activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the unique activation-specific anti-Mac-1 DARPin 'F7' in a mouse model of ARDS. ARDS was induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation and the acute (day 1-4) and chronic phase (day 5-10) were studied. After expression and purification, F7, a control DARPin and PBS, were applied daily via the intraperitoneal route. Survival and weight loss were recorded. Histological analysis of lung sections, flow cytometric leukocyte analysis of blood and bronchioalveolar lavage (BALF) were performed. Moreover, protein concentration and cytokine levels were determined in the BALF. Treatment with F7 improved survival and reduced weight loss significantly compared to treatment with the control DARPin or PBS. Neutrophil count in the BALF and peripheral blood were significantly reduced in mice treated with F7. Histology revealed significantly reduced pulmonary inflammation in the F7 treated group. Treatment with DARPin F7 inhibited neutrophil accumulation, reduced signs of local and systemic inflammation and improved survival in a mouse model of ARDS. F7 may be a novel anti-inflammatory drug candidate for the treatment of severe ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Siegel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Przewosnik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wrobel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - István Bojti
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Han JY, Li Q, Pan CS, Sun K, Fan JY. Progression of the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome, microcirculatory disturbances, in infectious diseases and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_28_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Chang R, Aboragah A, Loor JJ, Xu C. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth Beneficial Effects to Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:789430. [PMID: 34899351 PMCID: PMC8652055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth/Huo Xiang (HX) is a perennial herb with unique anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus, can positively affect liver function. In this study, we used network pharmacology to predict the potential mechanism of HX on NAFLD. Pharmacological experiments were used to verify the effect of HX on the functions of NAFLD. Network pharmacology identified nine components that interacted with 82 NAFLD-related targets, revealing four target genes: TNF, IL6, TP53, and AKT1. HX prevents the development and progression of NAFLD through different pathways and targets with quercetin-regulated lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant pathways playing an essential role in the treatment of NAFLD. Compared with feeding HFD, HX significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in vivo with mice and also in vitro with mouse liver cells. A high dose of HX decreased hepatocyte lipid accumulation and the abundance of SREBF1 and FASN. Validation experiments revealed that HX inhibited the activation of NF-κB/IκB signaling and decreased the release and levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6). These data suggest that HX can attenuate abnormal lipid metabolic responses and enhance antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, the pharmacological effects from plants used in traditional Chinese medicine are achievde through a multi-level response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Renxu Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ahmad Aboragah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Wang Y, Lu C, Li H, Qi W, Ruan L, Bian Y, Shi H, Song H, Tu S, Zhang Y, Bai T, Cao R, Hong K, Li H, Liu L, Lu S, Rong N, Liu Y, Fang J, Shi J, Yang W, Zhao B, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Fan T, Rong P, Huang L. Efficacy and safety assessment of severe COVID-19 patients with Chinese medicine: A retrospective case series study at early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:113888. [PMID: 33529638 PMCID: PMC7847283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has formed a global pandemic since late 2019. Benefitting from the application experience of Chinese Medicine (CM) for influenza and SARS, CM has been used to save patients at the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak in China. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM, and compare with Western Medicine (WM) for COVID-19, we conducted a retrospective case series study based on the patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China. METHODS The inclusion and exclusion criteria of data extraction were set for this retrospective study. All patients who were admitted by the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital between January 17th and February 25th 2020 were considered. In addition, patients enrolled met the severe defined by the guidelines released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. In these cases included in the study, CM or WM treatment was selected according to the wishes of the patients at the beginning of hospitalization. The patients in CM group were treated with Huashi Baidu granule (137 g po, bid) combined with the injections of Xiyanping (100 mg iv, bid), Xuebijing (100 ml iv, bid) and Shenmai (60 ml iv, qd) according to the syndrome of epidemic toxin blocking the lung in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The WM group received antiviral therapy (including abidor capsule 0.2 g po, tid; Lopinavir-Ritonavir tablets, 500 mg po, bid), antibiotics (such as cefoperazone 2 g iv, bid; moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets, 0.4 g po, qd) or corticosteroid therapy (such as methylprednisolone succinate sodium 40 mg iv, qd; prednisone, 30 mg po, qd). In addition, patients in both groups received routine supportive treatment, including oxygen inhalation, symptomatic therapy, and/or human intravenous immunoglobulin, and/or serum albumin, and treatment for underlying diseases. The clinical outcomes were evaluated based on changes related with clinical manifestations, computer tomography (CT) scan images, and laboratory examinations before and after the treatment. RESULTS 55 severe COVID-19 patients, with 23 in CM group and 32 in WM group, were included for analyzed. There was no case of death, being transferred to ICU, or receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in two groups during hospitalization. The median time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in CM and WM group were 12 days and 15.5 days respectively, the ratio of nucleic acid negative conversion of CM group at different follow-up time points was significantly higher than that of WM group (HR: 2.281, P = 0.018). Further, the chest CT imaging showed more widely lung lesion opacity absorbed in the CM group. The high sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum ferritin decreased significantly in the CM group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse events in terms of liver function and renal function between the two groups. CONCLUSION Based on this retrospective analysis from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CM has better effects in SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance, promoting lung lesion opacity absorbed and reducing inflammation in severe COVID-19 patients, which is effective and safe therapy for treating severe COVID-19 and reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Qi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yongjun Bian
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxin Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Song
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hong
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Sixia Lu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianhe Rong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiebing Fan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Wen H, Zhang H, Wang W, Li Y. Tetrahydropalmatine protects against acute lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion through restoring PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 64:101947. [PMID: 32949703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common clinical process that frequently induces acute lung injury (ALI). Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is a major bioactive constituent of various traditional Chinese medicine with protective effects on inflammation and oxidation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of THP on ALI induced by limb I/R. METHODS Rats were used to establish ALI through limb I/R. After administration of three doses of THP, the lung injury was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, tissue wet/dry weight ratio and ELISA examination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD). Additionally, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy markers were determined by Western blot. To confirm the role of autophagy in the effect of THP on ALI, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), THP or THP + rapamycin (RAPA) was given to the model rats, and then evaluated the parameters above mentioned. RESULTS The pulmonary histological lesions and wet/dry were significantly induced after limb I/R. Concurrently, I/R significantly increased MPO and MDA, and decreased SOD in lung tissues. These changes were reversed after THP treatment. Additionally, THP exerted inhibitory effect on the I/R-induced decrease of phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and increase of autophagy activity. The effects by THP on lung injury, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and autophagy were also observed after treatment with 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, whereas were blocked by combinational treatment with RAPA, an autophagy inducer. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that THP had significant protection against ALI and this might be achieved by autophagy inhibition through rescuing PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuebing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang G, Liu M, Song M, Wang J, Cai J, Lin C, Li Y, Jin X, Shen C, Chen Z, Cai D, Gao Y, Zhu C, Lin C, Liu C. Patchouli alcohol activates PXR and suppresses the NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammatory. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112302. [PMID: 31614203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) is involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patchouli alcohol (PA) has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of PA on IBD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of PA, primarily focused on crosstalk between PA-mediated PXR activation and NF-κB inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PA with respect to PXR/NF-κB signalling using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, PA, identified as a PXR agonist, was evaluated by hPXR transactivation assays and through assessing for CYP3A4 expression and activity. NF-κB inhibition was analysed based on NF-κB luciferase assays, NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression, and NF-κB nuclear translocation after activation of PXR by PA. In vivo, colonic mPXR and NF-κB signalling were analysed to assess PA-mediated the protective effect against dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PXR was further evaluated by examining PA protection against DSS-induced colitis. RESULTS PA induced CYP3A4 expression and activity via an hPXR-dependent mechanism. PA-mediated PXR activation attenuated inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activity and nuclear translocation. The anti-inflammatory effect of PA on NF-κB was abolished by PXR knockdown. PA prevented DSS-induced inflammation by regulating PXR/NF-κB signalling, whereas pharmacological PXR inhibition abated PA-mediated suppressive effects on NF-κB inflammation signalling. CONCLUSIONS PA activates PXR signalling and suppresses NF-κB signalling, consequently causing amelioration of inflammation. Our results highlight the importance of PXR-NF-κB crosstalk in colitis and suggest a novel therapeutic reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People(')s Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiazhong Cai
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chuanquan Lin
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xin Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chuangpeng Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 500095, China
| | - Dake Cai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 500095, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Enrichmnent of patchoulol extracted from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) oil by molecular distillation using response surface and artificial neural network models. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Lee J, Kong B, Lee SH. Patchouli Alcohol, a Compound from Pogostemon cablin, Inhibits Obesity. J Med Food 2019; 23:326-334. [PMID: 31750759 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity predisposes people to a variety of chronic metabolic diseases. Identification of natural factors that prevent the development of obesity is likely to be the most successful means of ameliorating the current obesity epidemic. Patchouli alcohol is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in Pogostemon cablin and possesses health benefit activities. This study was designed to examine if patchouli alcohol affects adipogenesis, and investigates the underlying mechanisms whereby patchouli alcohol exerts antiobesity effect. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were differentiated with treatment of different concentrations of patchouli alcohol. An in vivo study was performed to test the effect of patchouli alcohol gavage on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Treatment of patchouli alcohol reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without toxicity. Regarding mechanism, treatment of patchouli alcohol reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα) and increased expression of total and active β-catenin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral gavage of patchouli alcohol led to a significant reduction of body weight and fat accumulation in the mice fed with HFD. Transcriptome analysis indicates that smad7 is most highly activated gene in patchouli alcohol-treated 3T3-L1 cells. Patchouli alcohol possesses health benefit effect through inhibiting adipogenesis and fat tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Hu GY, Peng C, Xie XF, Xiong L, Zhang SY, Cao XY. Patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon cablin mediates endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by blockade of Ca 2+ channels in rat isolated thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:188-196. [PMID: 28965754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. for the treatment of cardiodynia have been documented in Mingyi Bielu of late Han Dynasty, in addition to that the Ca2+ antagonized activities of P. cablin and its critically pharmacological ingredient patchouli alcohol (PA) were reported previously. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the relaxant effects of PA on rat isolated thoracic aortas and further explore its potential mechanisms of actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aortas with endothelium and without endothelium were prepared and suspended in the organ bath for isometric tension recordings. The responses to accumulative concentrations of PA in endothelium-intact (E + ) aortas with basal tension and in different treated aortas pre-contracted with potassium chloride (KCl) or phenylephrine (PHE) were observed; the effects of L-NAME and indomethacin in aortas with intact endothelium, and of L-NAME, propranolol, tetraethtylamine (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), barium chloride (BaCl2), glyburide in aortas with endothelial denudation on PA-produced vasorelaxation were assessed; the influences of PA on extracellular Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release were measured in Ca2+-free medium. Finally, the abilities of PA to inhibit KCl- and PHE-induced contractions were compared to that of verapamil in E- aortas. RESULTS PA produced vasorelaxant effects in KCl- and PHE-precontracted E + aortas in a concentration-dependent manner, which had no statistically different from that in KCl- and PHE-precontracted E- aortas. PA (10 μM) significantly reduced KCl-induced contractions while PHE-induced contractions were significantly reduced by 100 μM of PA instead of 10 μM and 30 μM in aortas with endothelium. Pre-incubation of E + aortas with L-NAME as well as indomethacin and of E- aortas with L-NAME, propranolol, TEA, 4-AP, BaCl2 and glyburide had no obvious effects on vasorelaxation of PA. In endothelium-removed aortas around Ca2+-free solution, PA remarkably lowered the contractions stimulated with Ca2+ and PHE, and application of ruthenium red and heparin further enhanced the abilities of PA to reduce PHE-caused contractions. In aortas without endothelium, 100 μM of PA markedly attenuated KCl-induced contractions but not affect PHE-induced contractions. Verapamil at the equal dose markedly attenuated KCl- and PHE-induced contractions, and the inhibitory effects on KCl-induced contractions were more forceful than that on PHE-induced contractions. In combined usage, the inhibitory effects on the contractions elicited by KCl were evidently weaker than that of verapamil alone and indifferently stronger than that of PA alone, and the inhibitory effects on the contractions elicited by PHE were evidently weaker than that of single verapamil but stronger than that of single PA. CONCLUSION PA may act as a Ca2+ antagonist to exert an intensively vasorelaxant effects through endothelium-independent pathway, and its mechanisms underlying the vasoactivities seem to be associated with the blockade of extracellular Ca2+ influx through VDCCs and ROCCs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) membrane and intracellular Ca2+ releases through IP3R- and RYR-mediated Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - San-Yin Zhang
- TCM Qi&Blood Functional Laboratory, College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
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Wei LL, Chen Y, Yu QY, Wang Y, Liu G. Patchouli alcohol protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury via inhibiting neuroinflammation in normal and obese mice. Brain Res 2018; 1682:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chen XY, Dou YX, Luo DD, Zhang ZB, Li CL, Zeng HF, Su ZR, Xie JH, Lai XP, Li YC. β-Patchoulene from patchouli oil protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:270-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol: Involving attenuation of cyclooxygenase 2 and modulation of mu-opioid receptor. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 25:454-461. [PMID: 28795389 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol (PA), the essential oil isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bent, and determine the mechanism in molecular levels. METHODS The acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced plantar injection test in mice were employed to confirm the effect in vivo. Intracellular calcium ion was imaged to verify PA on mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and MOR of mouse brain were expressed for determination of PA's target. Cellular experiments were carried out to find out COX2 and MOR expression induced by PA. RESULTS PA significantly reduced latency period of visceral pain and writhing induced by acetic acid saline solution (P<0.01) and allodynia after intra-plantar formalin (P<0.01) in mice. PA also up-regulated COX2 mRNA and protein (P<0.05) with a down-regulation of MOR (P<0.05) both in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which devote to the analgesic effect of PA. A decrease in the intracellular calcium level (P<0.05) induced by PA may play an important role in its anti-nociceptive effect. PA showed the characters of enhancing the MOR expression and reducing the intracellular calcium ion similar to opioid effect. CONCLUSIONS Both COX2 and MOR are involved in the mechanism of PA's anti-nociceptive effect, and the up-regulation of the receptor expression and the inhibition of intracellular calcium are a new perspective to PA's effect on MOR.
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Availability, Pharmaceutics, Security, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Patchouli Alcohol. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4850612. [PMID: 28421121 PMCID: PMC5379095 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4850612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is one of the critical bioactive ingredients and is mainly isolated from aerial part of Pogostemon cablin (known as guanghuoxiang in China) belonging to Labiatae. So far, PA has been widely applied in perfume industries. This review was written with the use of reliable information published between 1974 and 2016 from libraries and electronic researches including NCKI, PubMed, Reaxys, ACS, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley-Blackwell, aiming at presenting comprehensive outline of security, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivities of PA and at further providing a potential guide in exploring the PA and its use in various medical fields. We found that PA maybe was a low toxic drug that was acquired numerously through vegetable oil isolation and chemical synthesis and its stability and low water dissolution were improved in pharmaceutics. It also possessed specific pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as two-compartment open model, first-order kinetic elimination, and certain biometabolism and biotransformation process, and was shown to have multiple biological activities, that is, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiatherogenic, antiemetic, whitening, and sedative activity. However, the systematic evaluations of preparation, pharmaceutics, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivities underlying molecular mechanisms of action also required further investigation prior to practices of PA in clinic.
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Silva-Filho SE, Wiirzler LAM, Cavalcante HAO, Uchida NS, de Souza Silva-Comar FM, Cardia GFE, da Silva EL, Aguiar RP, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN. Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1697-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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