1
|
Zidan A, El Saadany AA, El Maghraby GM, Abdin AA, Hedya SE. Potential cardioprotective and anticancer effects of carvedilol either free or as loaded nanoparticles with or without doxorubicin in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116448. [PMID: 36921847 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cardioprotective and anti-cancer effects of carvedilol (CAR) either free or as loaded nano-formulated with or without doxorubicin (DOX) in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. It focused on assessment of cardiac damage, drug resistance, apoptosis, oxidative stress status, angiogenesis and proliferation. METHODS CAR was loaded into poly-D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid)PLGA(or Niosomes. SEC was induced in female albino mice as an experimental model of breast cancer. Seventy-two mice were randomly divided into 9 equal groups (Normal control, Untreated-SEC, SEC + DOX, SEC + CAR-free, SEC + CAR-PLGA, SEC + CAR-Niosomes, SEC + DOX + CAR-free, SEC + DOX + CAR-PLGA and SEC + DOX + CAR-Niosomes). Tumor volume and survival rate were recorded. On day 28 from tumor inoculation, mice were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for determination of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). One part from tumor tissues was prepared for assessment of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MDR-1), caspase-3, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the other part was processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67. RESULTS There was non-significant difference between CAR-free, CAR-PLGA and CAR-Niosomes as anticancer either alone or when combined with DOX. However, CAR-free demonstrated potential cardioprotective effects against cardiac damage mediated by cancer or DOX that have been enhanced using CAR-PLGA or CAR-Niosomes, but that of Niosomes outperformed them both. CONCLUSION CAR could be used as an adjuvant therapy with DOX, especially when nanoformualted with PLGA and even better with Niosomes, without compromising its cytotoxicity against cancer cells and preventing its cardiotoxic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Zidan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Amira A El Saadany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Amany A Abdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Sabeha E Hedya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dammak A, Pastrana C, Martin-Gil A, Carpena-Torres C, Peral Cerda A, Simovart M, Alarma P, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G. Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020292. [PMID: 36830827 PMCID: PMC9952931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age. Furthermore, oxidative stress is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are involved in anterior ocular disease progression such as dry eye, keratoconus, uveitis, and cataract. The different pathologies are interconnected through various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress making the diagnostics more relevant in early stages. The end point of the molecular pathway is the release of different antioxidant biomarkers offering the potential of predictive diagnostics of the pathology. In this review, we have analysed the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the front of the eye to provide a better understanding of the pathomechanism, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis of eye diseases, and the recent treatment of anterior ocular diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Lai L, Mo Z, Li X, Su X, Li Y, Leng E, Zhang Y, Li W. Mulberry Leaf Extract Alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Conjunctivitis in Rabbits via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Upregulation of the Nrf2 System and Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Pharmacology 2022; 107:250-262. [PMID: 35417907 DOI: 10.1159/000523786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced conjunctivitis (5 × 109 colony-forming units, 0.5 mL/eye) in a rabbit model. METHODS Rabbits were treated with MLE (5 mL/kg·d-1 and 10 mL/kg·d-1), 0.9% saline, pearl bright eye (PBE) drops, or erythromycin eye ointment (EEO) group for 5 days. The ocular infection symptoms, bacterial negative conversion rate, and conjunctival histopathological changes of rabbits in each group were observed. The expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, NOD-like receptor leucine-rich pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, Keap1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in conjunctival tissue of rabbits were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and/or Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that MLE treatment significantly reduced the clinical sign scores of conjunctivitis, alleviated clinical signs, and decreased bacterial load, and histological damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner was compared to that in the control group. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of MLE (10 mL/kg·d-1) were similar to those of the positive control drug PBE and EEO. In addition, MLE significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and upregulated the Nrf2 system. CONCLUSIONS MLE is effective in alleviating S. aureus-induced conjunctivitis in rabbits, and this mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of the Nrf2 system to regulate pro-inflammatory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China,
| | - Linglin Lai
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Drug Clinical Trials, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentao Mo
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaotong Su
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ennian Leng
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Emam GA, Girgis GNS, Hamed MF, El-Azeem Soliman OA, Abd El Gawad AEGH. Formulation and Pathohistological Study of Mizolastine-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Ocular Hydrogels. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7775-7799. [PMID: 34853513 PMCID: PMC8627895 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mizolastine (MZL) is a dual-action nonsedating topical antihistamine anti-inflammatory agent that is used to relieve allergic conditions, such as rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are advanced delivery system in ophthalmology, with the merits of increasing the corneal drug absorption and hence improved bioavailability with the objective of ocular drug targeting. Methods First, MZL was formulated as MZL-SLNs by hot homogenization/ultrasonication adopting a 32 full factorial design. Solid-state characterization, in vitro release, and stability studies have been performed. Then, the optimized MZL-SLNs formula has been incorporated into ocular hydrogels using 1.5% w/v Na alginate and 5% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone K90. The gels were evaluated via in vitro release as well as in vivo studies by applying allergic conjunctivitis congestion in a rabbit-eye model. Results The optimized formula (F4) was characterized by the highest entrapment efficiency (86.5±1.47%), the smallest mean particle size (202.3±13.59 nm), and reasonable zeta potential (−22.03±3.65 mV). Solid-state characterization of the encapsulation of MZL in SLNs was undertaken. In vitro results showed a sustained release profile from MZL-SLNs up to 30 hours with a non-Fickian Higuchi kinetic model. Stability studies confirmed immutability of freeze-dried MZL-SLNs (F4) upon storage for 6 months. Finally, hydrogel formulations containing MZL-SLNs, proved ocular congestion disappearance with completely repaired conjunctiva after 24 hours. Moreover, pretreatment with MZL-SLNs–loaded hydrogel imparted markedly decreased TNF-α and VEGF-expression levels in rabbits conjunctivae compared with post-treatment with the same formula. Conclusion MZL-SLNs could be considered a promising stable sustained-release nanoparticulate system for preparing ocular hydrogel as effective antiallergy ocular delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ahmed El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Germeen N S Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Fawzy Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balance of Drug Residence and Diffusion in Lacrimal Fluid Determine Ocular Bioavailability in In Situ Gels Incorporating Tranilast Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091425. [PMID: 34575501 PMCID: PMC8466670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously designed ophthalmic formulations (nTRA) containing tranilast nanoparticles (Tra-NPs) with high uptake into ocular tissues. In this study, we used in situ gel (ISG) bases comprising combinations of pluronic F127 (F127) and methylcellulose (MC/F127), pluronic F68 (F68/F127), and Carbopol (Car/F127), and we developed in situ gels incorporating Tra-NPs (Tra-NP-incorporated ISNGs) such as nTRA-F127, nTRA-MC/F127, nTRA-F68/F127, and nTRA-Car/F127. Moreover, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect on conjunctival inflammation using lipopolysaccharide-induced rats. Each Tra-NP-incorporated ISNG was prepared by the bead mill method, the particle size was 40–190 nm, and the tranilast release and diffusion from formulation were nTRA > nTRA-F127 > nTRA-F68/F127 > nTRA-Car/F127 > nTRA-MC/F127. In the Tra-NP-incorporated ISNGs, the tranilast residence time in the lacrimal fluid, cornea, and conjunctiva was prolonged, although the Cmax was attenuated in comparison with nTRA. On the other hand, no significant difference in conjunctival inflammation between non- and nTRA-F127-instilled rats was found; however, the nTRA-F68/F127, nTRA-Car/F127, and nTRA-MC/F127 (combination-ISG) attenuated the vessel leakage, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. In particular, nTRA-F68/F127 was significant in preventing the conjunctival inflammation. In conclusion, we found that the combination-ISG base prolonged the residence time of Tra-NPs; however, Tra-NP release from the formulation was attenuated, and the Tmax was delayed longer than that in nTRA. The balance of drug residence and diffusion in lacrimal fluid may be important in providing high ocular bioavailability in formulations containing solid nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao Y, Xu W, Su W. NLRP3 inflammasome: A likely target for the treatment of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1080-1091. [PMID: 29900602 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis, have recently become a global public health concern. According to previous studies, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex known to be associated with many inflammatory conditions. In response to allergens or allergen/damage-associated molecular signals, NLRP3 changes its conformation to allow the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and activates caspase-1, which is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, active caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18. Recently, accumulating human and mouse experimental evidence has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 are critically involved in the development of allergic diseases. Furthermore, the application of specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has been demonstrated in animal models. Therefore, these inhibitors may represent potential therapeutic methods for the management of clinical allergic disorders. This review summarizes findings related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related factors and concludes that specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenna Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carvedilol can attenuate histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats without risk of gastric irritation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:243-250. [PMID: 28711030 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rheumatoid arthritis treatment aims to control joint damage and any associated complications such as cardiovascular disease. Most anti-inflammatory drugs have a high tendency to cause gastro-intestinal irritation. The present study is designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of carvedilol and to study its effect on gastric mucosa. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lornoxicam (1.3mg/kg) or carvedilol (10mg/kg) was administrated orally 1h before histamine injection into animals of a histamine-induced paw edema model and orally daily for 11days into animals of a formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. Tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 were measured in animals of the formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The effect of lornoxicam and carvedilol on gastric mucosa was assessed in normal rats and after induction of cold stress ulcer. RESULTS Carvedilol succeeded in reducing hind paw edema in both histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis and in reducing the elevated level of tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 nearly with near equal efficacy compared with lornoxicam. Carvedilol did not show any ulcerative effect on the gastric mucosa of normal rats, and its use was associated with an improvement of both the gross and histopathological pictures of gastric ulcers in animals of the cold stress ulcer model compared with lornoxicam treated rats. CONCLUSION The current findings support the use of carvedilol both in the management of inflammation as well as the prevention of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The use of carvedilol was not associated with any gastro-intestinal tract irritation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Racosta JM, Kimpinski K. Autonomic function and brain volume. Clin Auton Res 2016; 26:377-383. [PMID: 27568208 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-016-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to review the evidence on the role of the autonomic nervous system as a determinant of brain volume. Brain volume measures have gained increasing attention given its biological importance, particularly as a measurement of neurodegeneration. METHODS Using an integrative approach, we reviewed publications addressing the anatomical and physiological characteristics of brain autonomic innervation focusing on evidence from diverse clinical populations with respect to brain volume. RESULTS Multiple mechanisms contribute to changes in brain volume. Autonomic influence on cerebral blood volume is of significant interest. CONCLUSION We suggest a role for the autonomic innervation of brain vessels in fluctuations of cerebral blood volume. Further investigation in several clinical populations including multiple sclerosis is warranted to understand the specific role of parenchyma versus blood vessels changes on final brain volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Racosta
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada.
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|