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Ait‐Aissa K, Guo X, Klemmensen M, Juhr D, Leng LN, Koval OM, Grumbach IM. Short-Term Statin Treatment Reduces, and Long-Term Statin Treatment Abolishes, Chronic Vascular Injury by Radiation Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033558. [PMID: 38904226 PMCID: PMC11255702 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidental use of statins during radiation therapy has been associated with a reduced long-term risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We examined whether irradiation causes chronic vascular injury and whether short-term administration of statins during and after irradiation is sufficient to prevent chronic injury compared with long-term administration. METHODS AND RESULTS C57Bl/6 mice were pretreated with pravastatin for 72 hours and then exposed to 12 Gy X-ray head-and-neck irradiation. Pravastatin was then administered either for an additional 24 hours or for 1 year. Carotid arteries were tested for vascular reactivity, altered gene expression, and collagen deposition 1 year after irradiation. Treatment with pravastatin for 24 hours after irradiation reduced the loss of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and protected against enhanced vasoconstriction. Expression of markers associated with inflammation (NFκB p65 [phospho-nuclear factor kappa B p65] and TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor alpha]) and with oxidative stress (NADPH oxidases 2 and 4) were lowered and subunits of the voltage and Ca2+ activated K+ BK channel (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 and potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1) in the carotid artery were modulated. Treatment with pravastatin for 1 year after irradiation completely reversed irradiation-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of pravastatin is sufficient to reduce chronic vascular injury at 1 year after irradiation. Long-term administration eliminates the effects of irradiation. These findings suggest that a prospective treatment strategy involving statins could be effective in patients undergoing radiation therapy. The optimal duration of treatment in humans has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait‐Aissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental MedicineLincoln Memorial UniversityKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Xutong Guo
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Madelyn Klemmensen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Denise Juhr
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Linette N. Leng
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa City VA Healthcare SystemIowa CityIAUSA
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Mohammadgholi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Healthy and Cancerous Cells. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2751-2769. [PMID: 37026495 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230407104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a unique modality in cancer treatment with no replacement in many cases and uses a tumoricidal dose of various ionizing radiation (IR) types to kill cancer cells. It causes oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or the destruction of antioxidant systems. On the other hand, RT stimulates the immune system both directly and indirectly by releasing danger signals from stress-exposed and dying cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocal and closely related mechanisms, one induced and involved by the other. ROS regulates the intracellular signal transduction pathways, which participate in the activation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Reciprocally, inflammatory cells release ROS and immune system mediators during the inflammation process, which drive the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress or inflammation-induced damages can result in cell death (CD) or survival mechanisms that may be destructive for normal cells or beneficial for cancerous cells. The present study has focused on the radioprotection of those agents with binary effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms IR-induced CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadgholi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ait-Aissa K, Guo X, Klemmensen M, Leng LN, Koval OM, Grumbach IM. Short-term statin treatment reduces, and long-term statin treatment abolishes chronic vascular injury by radiation therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558723. [PMID: 37790532 PMCID: PMC10542122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidental use of statins during radiation therapy has been associated with a reduced long-term risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objectives Determine if irradiation causes chronic vascular injury and whether short-term administration of statins during and after irradiation is sufficient to prevent chronic injury compared to long-term administration. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were pretreated with pravastatin for 72 hours and then exposed to 12 Gy x-ray head-and-neck irradiation. Subsequently, they received pravastatin either for one additional day or for one year. Carotid arteries were tested for vascular reactivity and altered gene expression one year after irradiation. Results Treatment with pravastatin for 24 hours reduced the loss of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and protected against enhanced vasoconstriction after IR. It reduced the expression of some markers associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and modulated that of subunits of the voltage and Ca2+ activated K+ (BK) channel in the carotid artery one year after irradiation. Treatment with pravastatin for one year completely reversed the changes caused by irradiation. Conclusions In mice, short-term administration of pravastatin is sufficient to reduce chronic vascular injury after irradiation. Long-term administration eliminates the effects of irradiation. These findings suggest that a prospective treatment strategy involving statins could be effective in patients undergoing radiation therapy. The optimal duration of treatment in humans has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xutong Guo
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Madelyn Klemmensen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Linette N. Leng
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA
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Bisceglia I, Canale ML, Silvestris N, Gallucci G, Camerini A, Inno A, Camilli M, Turazza FM, Russo G, Paccone A, Mistrulli R, De Luca L, Di Fusco SA, Tarantini L, Lucà F, Oliva S, Moreo A, Maurea N, Quagliariello V, Ricciardi GR, Lestuzzi C, Fiscella D, Parrini I, Racanelli V, Russo A, Incorvaia L, Calabrò F, Curigliano G, Cinieri S, Gulizia MM, Gabrielli D, Oliva F, Colivicchi F. Cancer survivorship at heart: a multidisciplinary cardio-oncology roadmap for healthcare professionals. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1223660. [PMID: 37786510 PMCID: PMC10541962 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1223660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, a patient is considered a survivor from the time of initial diagnosis until the end of life. With improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors (CS) has grown considerably and includes: (1) Patients cured and free from cancer who may be at risk of late-onset cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT); (2) Patients with long-term control of not-curable cancers in whom CTR-CVT may need to be addressed. This paper highlights the importance of the cancer care continuum, of a patient-centered approach and of a prevention-oriented policy. The ultimate goal is a personalized care of CS, achievable only through a multidisciplinary-guided survivorship care plan, one that replaces the fragmented management of current healthcare systems. Collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists is the pillar of a framework in which primary care providers and other specialists must be engaged and in which familial, social and environmental factors are also taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Bisceglia
- Integrated Cardiology Services, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gallucci
- Cardio-oncology Unit, Department of OncoHaematology, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Andrea Camerini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Department of Oncology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (IRCCS), Negrar, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Turazza
- Cardiology Department, National Cancer Institute Foundation (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- SC Patologie Cardiovascolari, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Cardiology, G. Pascale National Cancer Institute Foundation (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mistrulli
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Leonardo De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Tarantini
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio-Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiologia Interventistica, Utic, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Azienda Ospedaliera Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Oliva
- UOSD Cardiologia di Interesse Oncologico, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Moreo
- Cardio Center De Gasperis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Department of Cardiology, G. Pascale National Cancer Institute Foundation (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Cardiology, G. Pascale National Cancer Institute Foundation (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Damiana Fiscella
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione “Garibaldi”, Catania, Italy
| | - Iris Parrini
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Mauritian Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Calabrò
- Department of Oncology and Specialized Medicine, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan; Division of Early Drug Development, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Division and Breast Unit, Senatore Antonio Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione “Garibaldi”, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione per il Tuo cuore- Heart Care Foundation, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1- Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare “A. De Gasperis”, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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Ait-Aissa K, Leng LN, Lindsey NR, Guo X, Juhr D, Koval OM, Grumbach IM. Mechanisms by which statins protect endothelial cells from radiation-induced injury in the carotid artery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1133315. [PMID: 37404737 PMCID: PMC10315477 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1133315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidental use of statins during radiation therapy has been associated with a reduced long-term risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms by which statins protect the vasculature from irradiation injury remain poorly understood. Objectives Identify the mechanisms by which the hydrophilic and lipophilic statins pravastatin and atorvastatin preserve endothelial function after irradiation. Methods Cultured human coronary and umbilical vein endothelial cells irradiated with 4 Gy and mice subjected to 12 Gy head-and-neck irradiation were pretreated with statins and tested for endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and various mitochondrial phenotypes at 24 and 240 h after irradiation. Results Both pravastatin (hydrophilic) and atorvastatin (lipophilic) were sufficient to prevent the loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteries after head-and-neck irradiation, preserve the production of nitric oxide by endothelial cells, and suppress the cytosolic reactive oxidative stress associated with irradiation. However, only pravastatin inhibited irradiation-induced production of mitochondrial superoxide; damage to the mitochondrial DNA; loss of electron transport chain activity; and expression of inflammatory markers. Conclusions Our findings reveal some mechanistic underpinnings of the vasoprotective effects of statins after irradiation. Whereas both pravastatin and atorvastatin can shield from endothelial dysfunction after irradiation, pravastatin additionally suppresses mitochondrial injury and inflammatory responses involving mitochondria. Clinical follow-up studies will be necessary to determine whether hydrophilic statins are more effective than their lipophilic counterparts in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental College of Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Linette N. Leng
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nathanial R. Lindsey
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Xutong Guo
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Denise Juhr
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa, IA, United States
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Atorvastatin Attenuates Radiotherapy-Induced Intestinal Damage through Activation of Autophagy and Antioxidant Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7957255. [PMID: 36092168 PMCID: PMC9459441 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7957255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy (RT) often results in small intestinal injury, such as apoptosis of epithelial cells and shortening of the villi. Atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has many biological effects including cholesterol reduction, protection from cell damage, and autophagy activation. To reduce the extent of radiotherapy- (RT-) induced enteritis, we investigated the protective effects of atorvastatin against RT-induced damage of the intestinal tract. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed into the following groups (n = 8 per group): (1) control group: mice were fed water only, (2) atorvastatin group (Ator): mice were administered atorvastatin, (3) irradiation group (IR): mice received abdominal RT, (4) Ator+IR group: mice received abdominal RT following atorvastatin administration, and (5) Ator+IR+3-MA group: abdominal RT following atorvastatin and 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) administration. Based on the assessment of modified Chiu's injury score and villus/crypt ratio, we found that atorvastatin administration significantly reduced intestinal mucosal damage induced by RT. Atorvastatin treatment reduced apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), DNA damage (γH2AX and 53BP1), oxidative stress (OS, 4-hydroxynonenal), inflammatory molecules (phospho-NF-κB p65 and TGF-β), fibrosis (collagen I and collagen III), barrier leakage (claudin-2 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran), disintegrity (fatty acid-binding protein 2), and dysfunction (lipopolysaccharide) caused by RT in small intestinal tissue. In addition, atorvastatin upregulated the expression of autophagy-active molecules (LC3B), antioxidants (heme oxygenase 1 and thioredoxin 1), and tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens 1). However, the biological functions of atorvastatin in decreasing RT-induced enteritis were reversed after the administration of 3-MA; the function of antioxidant molecules and activity of thioredoxin reductase were independent of autophagy activation. Our results indicate that atorvastatin can effectively relieve RT-induced enteritis through autophagy activation and associated biological functions, including maintaining integrity and function and decreasing apoptosis, DNA damage, inflammation, OS, and fibrosis. It also acts via its antioxidative capabilities.
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Badescu MC, Badulescu OV, Scripcariu DV, Butnariu LI, Bararu-Bojan I, Popescu D, Ciocoiu M, Gorduza EV, Costache II, Rezus E, Rezus C. Myocardial Ischemia Related to Common Cancer Therapy-Prevention Insights. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071034. [PMID: 35888122 PMCID: PMC9325217 DOI: 10.3390/life12071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern antineoplastic therapy improves survival and quality of life in cancer patients, but its indisputable benefits are accompanied by multiple and major side effects, such as cardiovascular ones. Endothelial dysfunction, arterial spasm, intravascular thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis affect the coronary arteries, leading to acute and chronic coronary syndromes that negatively interfere with the oncologic treatment. The cardiac toxicity of antineoplastic agents may be mitigated by using adequate prophylactic measures. In the absence of dedicated guidelines, our work provides the most comprehensive, systematized, structured, and up-to-date analyses of the available literature focusing on measures aiming to protect the coronary arteries from the toxicity of cancer therapy. Our work facilitates the implementation of these measures in daily practice. The ultimate goal is to offer clinicians the necessary data for a personalized therapeutic approach for cancer patients receiving evidence-based oncology treatments with potential cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.B.); (D.P.); (I.I.C.); (C.R.)
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (D.V.S.); (L.I.B.)
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Surgery Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 1st Surgical Oncology Unit, Regional Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (D.V.S.); (L.I.B.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (D.V.S.); (L.I.B.)
| | - Iris Bararu-Bojan
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Diana Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.B.); (D.P.); (I.I.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.B.); (D.P.); (I.I.C.); (C.R.)
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 14 Pantelimon Halipa Street, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.B.); (D.P.); (I.I.C.); (C.R.)
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, Villaescusa JI, Gallego E, Pellicer B, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Energy Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Blanca Pellicer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Fluvastatin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells toward radiation therapy and suppresses radiation- and/or TGF-β-induced tumor-associated fibrosis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:298-311. [PMID: 34773069 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a major cause of clinical concern for various malignancies, including PC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing and anti-RIF potential of fluvastatin in PC. Short-term viability and clonogenic survival assays were used to evaluate the radiosensitizing potential of fluvastatin in multiple human and murine PC cell lines. The expression of different proteins was analyzed to understand the mechanisms of fluvastatin-mediated radiosensitization of PC cells and its anti-RIF effects in both mouse and human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Finally, these effects of fluvastatin and/or radiation were assessed in an immune-competent syngeneic murine model of PC. Fluvastatin radiosensitized multiple PC cell lines, as well as radioresistant cell lines in vitro, by inhibiting radiation-induced DNA damage repair response. Nonmalignant cells, such as PSCs and NIH3T3 cells, were less sensitive to fluvastatin-mediated radiosensitization than PC cells. Interestingly, fluvastatin suppressed radiation and/or TGF-β-induced activation of PSCs, as well as the fibrogenic properties of these cells in vitro. Fluvastatin considerably augmented the antitumor effect of external radiation therapy and also suppressed intra-tumor RIF in vivo. These findings suggested that along with radiation, fluvastatin co-treatment may be a potential therapeutic approach against PC.
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Wang B, Wang H, Zhang M, Ji R, Wei J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7717-7729. [PMID: 32536032 PMCID: PMC7348163 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a potentially lethal clinical complication of chest radiotherapy (RT) and a final stage of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). RIMF is characterized by decreased ventricular elasticity and distensibility, which can result in decreased ejection fraction, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. Together, these conditions impair the long-term health of post-RT survivors and limit the dose and intensity of RT required to effectively kill tumour cells. Although the exact mechanisms involving in RIMF are unclear, increasing evidence indicates that the occurrence of RIMF is related to various cells, regulatory molecules and cytokines. However, accurately diagnosing and identifying patients who may progress to RIMF has been challenging. Despite the urgent need for an effective treatment, there is currently no medical therapy for RIMF approved for routine clinical application. In this review, we investigated the underlying pathophysiology involved in the initiation and progression of RIMF before outlining potential preventative and therapeutic strategies to counter this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of BiologyValencia CollegeOrlandoFLUSA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of PathobiologyMinistry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Camara Planek MI, Silver AJ, Volgman AS, Okwuosa TM. Exploratory Review of the Role of Statins, Colchicine, and Aspirin for the Prevention of Radiation-Associated Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014668. [PMID: 31960749 PMCID: PMC7033839 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Silver
- Rush Heart Center for WomenRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
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Wang H, Wei J, Zheng Q, Meng L, Xin Y, Yin X, Jiang X. Radiation-induced heart disease: a review of classification, mechanism and prevention. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2128-2138. [PMID: 31592122 PMCID: PMC6775290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) has become an important component of comprehensive treatment. RT improves survival in many cancers, but it involves some inevitable complications. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications. RIHD comprises a spectrum of heart disease including cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and conduction system abnormalities. There are numerous clinical manifestations of RIHD, such as chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea, even without obvious symptoms. Based on previous studies, the pathogenesis of RIHD is related to the production and effects of various cytokines caused by endothelial injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress (OS). Therefore, it is of great importance for clinicians to identify the mechanism and propose interventions for the prevention of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingshuang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32804,USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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13
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Doi H, Kuribayashi K, Kijima T. Utility of polaprezinc in reducing toxicities during radiotherapy: a literature review. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1977-1988. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is important for treating malignancies. However, radiation-induced toxicities develop as chemoradiotherapy-related complications. Various agents reduce or prevent toxicities, but there are no standard treatments. Polaprezinc (PZ), a chelating compound used for gastric ulcers, has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. Although few studies have evaluated PZ and radiation-induced normal tissue damage, several clinical studies have shown the efficacy of PZ for oral mucositis, esophagitis, proctitis and taste alterations during and after radiotherapy. Moreover, preclinical data support the clinical data, indicating good potential of testing PZ in future trials. However, as there are only few well-documented review articles on PZ use in cancer treatment, we conducted this literature review. PZ reduced several radiation-induced toxicities and improved the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meiwa Cancer Clinic, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kozo Kuribayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Nguyen HQ, To NH, Zadigue P, Kerbrat S, De La Taille A, Le Gouvello S, Belkacemi Y. Ionizing radiation-induced cellular senescence promotes tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy. A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 129:13-26. [PMID: 30097231 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-exposure induces a variety of cellular reactions, such as senescence and apoptosis. Senescence is a permanent arrest state of the cell division, which can be beneficial or detrimental for normal tissue via an inflammatory response and senescence-associated secretion phenotype. Damage to healthy cells and their microenvironment is considered as an important source of early and late complications with an increased risk of morbidity in patients after radiotherapy (RT). In addition, the benefit/risk ratio may depend on the radiation technique/dose used for cancer eradication and the irradiated volume of healthy tissues. For radiation-induced fibrosis risk, the knowledge of mechanisms and potential prevention has become a crucial point to determining radiation parameters and patients' intrinsic radiosensitivity. This review summarizes our understanding of ionizing radiation-induced senescent cell in fibrogenesis. This mechanism may provide new insights for therapeutic modalities for better risk/benefit ratios after RT in the new era of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quy Nguyen
- University of Paris Saclay, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; INSERM U955 Team 07, Créteil, France
| | - Nhu Hanh To
- INSERM U955 Team 07, Créteil, France; APHP, Department of Radiation Oncology and Henri Mondor Breast Cancer and, Henri Mondor University Hospital, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | | | - Stéphane Kerbrat
- INSERM U955 Team 04, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Alexandre De La Taille
- INSERM U955 Team 07, Créteil, France; APHP, Department of Urology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Sabine Le Gouvello
- INSERM U955 Team 04, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France; APHP, Department of Biology & Pathology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Yazid Belkacemi
- INSERM U955 Team 07, Créteil, France; APHP, Department of Radiation Oncology and Henri Mondor Breast Cancer and, Henri Mondor University Hospital, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France.
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Han XB, Tan Y, Fang YQ, Li F. Protective effects of celastrol against γ irradiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:685-694. [PMID: 30116323 PMCID: PMC6090236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation can cause harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Notably, endothelial cells are critical targets in radiation-induced damage. γ radiation exerts its biological effects through the radiolysis of water, which further generates ROS and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of celastrol against γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to γ radiation at different doses with or without celastrol treatment. Cell viability and cytotoxicity, migratory ability, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and antioxidative enzyme levels were evaluated in HUVECs at 24 h post-irradiation. It was observed that HUVECs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity and a decreased migratory ability after exposure to 20-Gy γ radiation. Celastrol treatment concentration-dependently reversed these effects. γ irradiation was also demonstrated to increase the production of ROS, enhance lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage and decrease the levels of SOD, catalase, GST and GPx in HUVECs. These detrimental effects were blocked by treatment with celastrol for 24 h. These data suggested that celastrol not only attenuated γ radiation-induced cytotoxicity, but also effectively blocked oxidative stress in HUVECs. As an antioxidant agent, celastrol may have potential protective effects in HUVECs against γ irradiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bei Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Fang
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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16
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Melanin nanoparticles: Antioxidant activities and effects on γ-ray-induced DNA damage in the mouse. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 828:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Donis N, Oury C, Moonen M, Lancellotti P. Treating cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy: a role for new pharmacotherapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:431-442. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1446080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Donis
- Laboratory of Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Moonen
- Laboratory of Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
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18
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Feng ZH, Zhang XH, Zhao JQ, Ma JZ. Involvement of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling inhibition in TGF-β1/Smad2, 3 signal transduction in vitro. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1805-1811. [PMID: 29259896 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To research the effect of Y-27632, a selective Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on TGF-β1/Smad2, 3 signal transduction in ocular Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (OTFs). METHODS Primary ocular Tenon's capsule fibroblasts had been cultured in vitro. The effect of Y27632 on proliferation of OTF stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay so as to sift out the proper concentrations range of Y-27632 for the next experiment. Real time-polymerase chain reactor (RT-PCR) was to analyze the changes of Smad2 and Smad3 genes of cells affected by Y-27632, though unaffected by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Proteins of Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad2 (Ser245/250/255), and phosphorylated Smad3 (Ser423/425/203) were respectively quantified by Western blot after OTFs were successively incubated by TGF-β1 and Y-27632. Meanwhile, α-smooth muscular actin (α-SMA) protein was also quantified after the small intervening gene fragments of human Smad2 and Smad3 were designed, synthesized, and then transfected to OTFs. RESULTS Y-27632 significantly inhibited OTFs proliferation stimulated by LPA. Also Y-27632 significantly suppressed the expressions of Smad2 mRNA, Smad2, 3 proteins expressions, Smad3 phosphorylation at the carboxylic terminals of Ser423/425/203 which had been radically promoted by TGF-β1. SiRNA-Smad2, 3 suppressed α-SMA expressions, but less effectively than Y-27632. CONCLUSION The inhibition of ROCK signaling may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of the filtration channel fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Ze Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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