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Liu Y, Feng X, Wang J, Li M. Neuroprotective Effect of Ganoderic Acid against Focal Ischemic Stroke Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024:10.1134/S1607672924600313. [PMID: 39023671 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672924600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is recognized as a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ganoderic acid (GA) against focal ischemic stroke in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Swiss Wistar rats were used for the current study. The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to simulate transient focal ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Various neurological parameters, including infarct size, neurological deficit score, brain water content, Evans blue leakage, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), antioxidant levels, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis markers, inflammatory parameters, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels, were estimated. Additionally, mRNA expressions were evaluated in the brain tissue. RESULTS Dose dependently treatment of GA significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the infarct size, neurological deflects score, brain water, evans blue leakage, NO, iNOS, LDH, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100β) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (KCC1) positive cells. GA altered the level of oxidative stress parameters like Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA); cytokines viz., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10; inflammatory parameters such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PGE2), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); apoptosis parameters like B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax), Caspase-3; matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) parameters like MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, respectively. GA remarkably suppressed the mRNA expression of TRL-4, Syndecan-1, CSF, Aquaporin-1, OCT3, and RFX1. CONCLUSION Ganoderic acid exhibited the protection against the cerebral ischemia reperfusion via multiple mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
| | - Mingfen Li
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
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Xu G, Dong F, Su L, Tan ZX, Lei M, Li L, Wen D, Zhang F. The role and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116140. [PMID: 38211425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for stroke remain restricted. Hence, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and advancement of stroke in order to establish a theoretical foundation for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. NF-κB, also known as nuclear factor κB, is a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of numerous genes and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. NF-κB is triggered and regulates neuroinflammation and other processes after stroke, promoting the generation of cytokine storms and contributing to the advancement of ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, NF-κB could potentially play a vital role in stroke by regulating diverse pathophysiological processes. This review provides an overview of the functions of NF-κB in stroke and its governing mechanisms. In addition, our attention is directed towards various potential therapies that aim to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in order to offer valuable insights for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Han D, Wang M, Dong N, Zhang J, Li D, Ma X, Ma Y, Wang S, Zhu Y, Wang C. Selective homing of brain-derived reconstituted lipid nanoparticles to cerebral ischemic area enables improved ischemic stroke treatment. J Control Release 2024; 365:957-968. [PMID: 38104776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) hold great promise as carriers for developing drug delivery systems (DDSs) aimed at managing ischemic stroke (IS). Previous research has highlighted the vital role played by the lipid composition and biophysical characteristics of LNPs, influencing their interactions with cells and tissues. This understanding presents an opportunity to engineer LNPs tailored specifically for enhanced IS treatment. We previously introduced the innovative concept of reconstituted lipid nanoparticles (rLNPs), which not only retain the advantages of conventional LNPs but also incorporate lipids from the originating cell or tissue. Brain-derived rLNPs (B-rLNPs) exhibit significantly superior accumulation within the cerebral ischemic region when compared to liver-derived rLNPs (L-rLNPs). The homing effect of B-rLNPs was then employed to construct 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) loaded DDS (B-rLNPs/NBP) for the treatment of IS. Our results demonstrated that compared with free NBP, B-rLNPs/NBP can significantly reduce infarct volume, neurological deficits, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage rate, brain water content, neutrophil infiltration, alleviate pathological structures, and improve the motor function in MCAO/R model. We also proved that B-rLNPs/NBP showed further reinforced protective effects on the same model than free NBP through the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB (anti-inflammation) and Bax/Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis) pathways. This study offers a promising tool towards improved IS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyu Dong
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingran Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang D, Zhang J, Yang D, Wang J, Li J, Han Y, Kang Z, Zhang H. Electroacupuncture restores intestinal mucosal barrier through TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway in functional dyspepsia-like rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2927-2938. [PMID: 34713984 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with high morbidity. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been applied to treat FD for a long time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EA and its mechanism about intestinal mucosal barrier in rodent model of FD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and the model group. Then, the rats in model group were established to the FD model by multifactor interventions. In Experiment 1, qualified FD-like rats were randomly divided into three groups: FD, EA, and acupuncture (AP) groups. The interventions of EA and AP lasted 14 days, food intake, and body weight were recorded every 5 days. In Experiment 2, qualified FD-like rats were randomly divided into five groups: FD, EA, AP, EA + TAK242, and TAK242 groups. The interventions of EA and AP lasted 14 days, while TAK242 injection continued for 6 days. The rats were sacrificed for the measurement of serum Interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) assayed by ELISA. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, TRAF6, ZO-1, and occludin in the duodenum. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells. Compared with the rats in the group FD, the rats in EA group had significantly increase of body weight, food intake, and protein expressions of ZO-1 and occludin, while expressions of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, TRAF6 in the duodenum and IL-6, and TNF-α in serum were decreased. The EA + TAK242 treatment had similar effects to the EA treatment but with increased potency; compared with EA, AP showed similar but reduced effects. Our data demonstrated that EA is more effective than AP in improving intestine mucosal barrier. The possible mechanisms of EA may involve the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daye Yang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongli Han
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Kang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Sohail S, Shah FA, Zaman SU, Almari AH, Malik I, Khan SA, Alamro AA, Zeb A, Din FU. Melatonin delivered in solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorated its neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19779. [PMID: 37809765 PMCID: PMC10559112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the potential of melatonin (MLT)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MLT-SLNs) for better neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. MLT-SLNs were prepared using lipid matrix of palmityl alcohol with a mixture of surfactants (Tween 40, Span 40, Myrj 52) for stabilizing the lipid matrix. MLT-SLNs were tested for physical and chemical properties, thermal and polymorphic changes, in vitro drug release and in vivo neuroprotective studies in rats using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO) model. The optimized MLT-SLNs showed particle size of ∼159 nm, zeta potential of -29.6 mV and high entrapment efficiency ∼92%. Thermal and polymorphic studies showed conversion of crystalline MLT to amorphous form after its entrapment in lipid matrix. MLT-SLNs displayed a sustained release pattern compared to MLT dispersion. MLT-SLNs significantly enhanced the neuroprotective profile of MLT ascertained by reduced brain infarction, recovered behavioral responses, low expression of inflammatory markers and improved oxidation protection in rats. MLT-SLNs also showed reduced hepatotoxicity compared to p-MCAO. From these outcomes, it is evidenced that MLT-SLNs have improved neuroprotection as compared to MLT dispersion and thereby present a promising approach to deliver MLT to the brain for better therapeutic outcomes in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahiq uz Zaman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali H. Almari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saifoor Ahmad Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Abir Abdullah Alamro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Eren F, Yilmaz SE. Neuroprotective approach in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies. Brain Circ 2022; 8:172-179. [PMID: 37181847 PMCID: PMC10167855 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_52_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disease with worldwide economic and social negative effects. It is a serious disease with high disability and mortality. Ionic imbalance, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are induced during and after ischemic stroke. Cellular dysfunction, apoptosis, and necrosis are activated directly or indirectly mechanisms. The studies about neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases have increased in recent years. Data about the mechanisms of progressive molecular improvement in the brain tissue are increasing in acute ischemic stroke. Based on these data, preclinical and clinical studies on new neuroprotective treatments are being designed. An effective neuroprotective strategy can prolong the indication period of recanalization treatments in the acute stage of ischemic stroke. In addition, it can reduce neuronal necrosis and protect the brain against ischemia-related reperfusion injury. The current review has evaluated the recent clinical and experimental studies. The molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies is also summarized. This review may help develop future strategies for combination treatment to protect the cerebral tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fettah Eren
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sueda Ecem Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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HMGA2 Promotes Brain Injury in Rats with Cerebral Infarction by Activating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1376959. [PMID: 35966335 PMCID: PMC9371803 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1376959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a common disease with a higher disability and fatality rates. The incidence rates of cerebral infarction or cerebral ischemic stroke gradually increase with aging and cerebrovascular disease progression. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of HMGA2 on cerebral infarction-induced brain tissue damage and its underlying mechanisms. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with sh-HMGA2 before cerebral infarction operation. The effect of HMGA2 on the arrangement, distribution, and morphological structure of neurons and the cell apoptosis ratio in brain tissue were detected via hematoxylin and eosin staining, brain-water content, TTC staining, and TUNEL staining. The results from ELISA assay, qPCR, and western blot indicated that downregulation of HMGA2 mitigated inflammatory stress via regulating the expression of TLR4/NF-κB. In addition, results showed that suppressed HMGA2 attenuated the neurological dysfunction of brain injury rats and markedly reduced infarct volume. HMGA2 might be able to alleviate the damage associated with cerebral infarction-induced inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. Moreover, downregulation of HMGA2 had a protective effect on the brain damage derived from cerebral infarction by mediating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that downregulation of HMGB2 decreased the infarct size, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis in cerebral injury and further had neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction-induced brain damage. Finally, these results indicated that the downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway after ischemia by HMGB2 inhibition is a potential mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of cerebral injury.
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Ran X, Wang DW, Yu Z, Wu R, Zhang Q. Decreased Tissue Kallikrein Levels and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:117-126. [PMID: 35023947 PMCID: PMC8747795 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Tissue kallikrein (TK) exerts protective effects on cardiac cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). Changes in TK level in plasma are associated with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD); however, a causal correlation could not be established. Therefore, we investigated the association between TK levels and CCVDs in a community-based cross-sectional study in China. Methods A total of 6043 subjects (4242 men and 1801 women) were enrolled in this community-based cross-sectional study. Then, TK levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Multivariate linear regression model and logistic regression were used to assess the correlations between TK levels and CCVDs. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the value of TK level in evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke. Finally, the influence of various medications was evaluated on TK levels. Results The TK level was significantly lower in subjects with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) but not associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes compared to the traditional risk factors. The diagnostic accuracy for ischemic stroke, as quantified by the area under the curve, was 0.892 (95% CI, 0.884–0.900) for TK level, deeming it as a promising assessment tool. Moreover, no appreciable influence of various drugs therapy was found in TK levels (P = 0.222) except for those taking antilipemic agents. Conclusion TK is a strong and independent endogenous protective factor against ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and could be a promising biomarker for the risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ran
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences Division/ Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Yang C, Gong S, Chen X, Wang M, Zhang L, Zhang L, Hu C. Analgecine regulates microglia polarization in ischemic stroke by inhibiting NF-κB through the TLR4 MyD88 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107930. [PMID: 34229178 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies used to attenuate inflammation and to increase recovery of neurons after a stroke include microglia anti-inflammatory (M2) polarization and repression of proinflammatory (M1). Extracts isolated from Vaccina variola-inoculated rabbit skin, for example analgecine (AGC), have been used as a therapy for patients experiencing lower back pain associated with degenerative diseases of the spine for about twenty years. In the study presented here, neuroprotective effect associated with AGC was analyzed as well as the anti-inflammatory mechanism linked to AGC in terms of attenuating microglia-mediated neuronal damage. Rats were intravenously injected with AGC after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), which showed to suppress neuronal loss and reduce neurological deficits. In addition, AGC inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this study revealed that treatment with AGC supported microglia transition from M1 to M2 in both oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and LPS/IFN-γ induced microglia cells, as well as indirectly inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced neuronal damage through the modulation of microglial polarization. It is also important to note that AGC inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through repressing TLR4/Myd88/TRAF6 signaling pathway. In addition, we found that TLR4 inhibition by AGC depended on Myd88. Altogether, this work supports that AGC inhibits M1 microglial polarization and promotes anti-inflammation independently and dependently on TLR4/MyD88. Since it is shown to have neuroprotective effects in this study, AGC has great potential to be used in the clinic to reduce inflammation and aid in recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shili Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Chaoying Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
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Targeting Common Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Stroke and Alzheimer's: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1589-1612. [PMID: 34169405 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two inter-related disorders that affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. Alzheimer's is a disease by undefined origin and causes. Stroke and its most common type, ischemic stroke (IS), occurs due to the blockade of cerebral blood vessels. As an important feature, both of disorders are associated with irreversible damages to the brain and nervous system. In this regard, finding common signaling pathways and the same molecular origin between these two diseases may be a promising way for their solution. On the basis of literature appraisal, the most common signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and stroke including notch, autophagy, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways were reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies including natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals aiming modulation of respective signaling factors were scrutinized to ameliorate neural deficits in AD and stroke. Taken together, digging deeper in the common connections and signal targeting can be greatly helpful in understanding and unified treating of these disorders.
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Deng M, Zhong X, Gao Z, Jiang W, Peng L, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Huang L. Dynamic changes in Beclin-1, LC3B and p62 at various time points in mice with temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (tMCAO). Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:124-131. [PMID: 33974897 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is attributable to cerebrovascular disease and is associated with high morbidity, disability, mortality and recurrence. Autophagy is a critical mediator and plays dual roles in ischaemic stroke. Autophagy can protect against ischaemic brain injury during the early stage of ischaemic stroke, while excessive autophagy can induce apoptosis and exacerbate brain injury. However, the time-dependent variations in autophagy in ischaemic stroke are unknown. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (tMCAO). The neurological functional scores and infarct volumes were determined at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d after modelling. The levels of Beclin-1, LC3B, p62, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ROS, 4-HNE and 8-OHDG were measured by ELISA, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting. The morphology of autophagosomes of ischaemic penumbra was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Beclin-1, LC3B, ROS, 4-HNE, 8-OHDG, GFAP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels increased (P < 0.01), while p62 and IL-10 levels decreased (P < 0.01) after tMCAO compared to those in the sham group. Beclin-1, LC3B, ROS, 4-HNE, 8-OHDG, GFAP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were reduced in tMCAO mice at 3 d, 5 d and 7 d (P<0.05), and p62 and IL-10 levels were enhanced (P < 0.05) compared to those at 1 d. In addition, Beclin-1 positively correlated with LC3B, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS, 4-HNE and 8-OHDG (P < 0.05), and Beclin-1 negatively correlated with p62 and IL-10 (P < 0.05). The number of autophagosomes was consistent with the expression of autophagy marker proteins, both showing a steady decrease. In summary, autophagy was activated within 7 d of tMCAO induction, and it strengthened at 1 d and then weakened steadily from 3 to 7 d. In addition, this study verified that autophagy positively correlated with the inflammatory response and oxidative stress at 7 d after tMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhijie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Lilin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Yucheng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Zhongliu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, PR China.
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, PR China.
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12
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Sun Y, Chen H, Lin Y. Rehabilitation training inhibits neuronal apoptosis by down-regulation of TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2213-2223. [PMID: 34017384 PMCID: PMC8129365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of rehabilitation training and TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway on neuronal apoptosis in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke. METHODS Mice were randomized into six groups, which were normal group (healthy mice, n=20), control group (sham surgery, n=20), model group (middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, n=20), training (MCAO model, continuous rehabilitation training for 4 weeks, n=20), TAK-242 group (MCAO model, TL R4 inhibitor TAK-242, n=20), and TAK-242 + Training group (MCAO model, TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 + rehabilitation training, n=20). RESULTS Neurobehavioral assessment was performed, and cerebral infarction area of mice was detected by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Compared with the normal group, no significant differences in all indicators were found in the control group (all P>0.05), while the other groups had higher neurological function scores, cerebral infarction area, neuronal apoptosis rate, increased expressions of TLR4, MyD88, Bax, NF-κB, TNF-α, Caspase-3, IL-1βA and decreased mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Rehabilitation training can effectively reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in mice with ischemic stroke by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, He’nan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou, He’nan Province, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Children’s Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, He’nan Province, China
| | - Yibing Lin
- Shaoxing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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A Review on Potential Footprints of Ferulic Acid for Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1043-1057. [PMID: 33547615 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is being screened in preclinical settings to combat various neurological disorders. It is a naturally occurring dietary flavonoid commonly found in grains, fruits, and vegetables such as rice, wheat, oats, tomatoes, sweet corn etc., which exhibits protective effects against a number of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, depression, ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Ferulic acid prevents and treats different neurological diseases pertaining to its potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, beside modulating unique neuro-signaling pathways. It stays in the bloodstream for longer periods than other dietary polyphenols and antioxidants and easily crosses blood brain barrier. The use of novel drug delivery systems such as solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) or its salt forms (sodium ferulate, ethyl ferulate, and isopentyl ferulate) further enhance its bioavailability and cerebral penetration. Based on reported studies, ferulic acid appears to be a promising molecule for treatment of neurological disorders; however, more preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) mechanism-based studies should be planned and conceived followed by its testing in clinical settings.
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Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113518. [PMID: 33144066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide. With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the incidence of stroke is also increasing. In addition, there is a shift in the overall stroke burden towards younger age groups, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Stroke in most cases is caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), but in some instances stroke may be caused due to bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Although treatment options for stroke are still limited, with the advancement in recanalization therapy using both pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis some progress has been made in helping patients recover from ischemic stroke. However, there is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome. The current review has assessed the past challenges in developing neuroprotective strategies, evaluated the recent advances in clinical trials, discussed the recent initiative by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in USA for the search of novel neuroprotectants (Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network, SPAN) and identified emerging neuroprotectants being currently evaluated in preclinical studies. The underlying molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies have also been summarized, which could assist in the development of future strategies for combinational therapy in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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15
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Cardiocerebral Vascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4683943. [PMID: 32831999 PMCID: PMC7428967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4683943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiocerebral vascular disease (CCVD) is a common disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Oxidative stress (OS) is closely related to the progression of CCVD. Abnormal redox regulation leads to OS and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause biomolecular and cellular damage. The Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is one of the most important defense systems against exogenous and endogenous OS injury, and Nrf2 is regarded as a vital pharmacological target. The complexity of the CCVD pathological process and the current difficulties in conducting clinical trials have hindered the development of therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, little is known about the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD. Clarifying the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD can provide new ideas for drug design. This review details the recent advancements in the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE system and its role and activators in common CCVD development.
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16
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Malik I, Shah FA, Ali T, Tan Z, Alattar A, Ullah N, Khan AU, Alshaman R, Li S. Potent Natural Antioxidant Carveol Attenuates MCAO-Stress Induced Oxidative, Neurodegeneration by Regulating the Nrf-2 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:659. [PMID: 32714135 PMCID: PMC7344277 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe neurological disorder with a high prevalence rate in developed countries. It is characterized by permanent or transient cerebral ischemia and it activates syndrome of pathological events such as membrane depolarization, glutamate excitotoxicity, and intracellular calcium buildup. Carveol is widely employed as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of post-treated carveol were demonstrated against transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced focal ischemic cerebral injury. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to two different experimental protocols to determine the dose and effects of carveol, and to demonstrate the underlying role of the nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway. Our results showed that MCAO induced marked neuronal injury in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum associated with higher inflammatory cytokines expression, along with apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 and the phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, MCAO induced a marked increase in oxidative stress as evidenced by high lipid peroxidase (LPO) content accompanied by the depressed antioxidant system. Carveol significantly reversed the oxidative stress and downregulated inflammatory cascades by enhancing endogenous antioxidant mechanisms including the Nrf2 gene, which critically regulates the expression of several downstream antioxidants. Further, to determine the possible involvement of Nrf2 in carveol mediated neuroprotection, we antagonized Nrf2 by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and such treatment abrogated the protective effects of carveol accompanied with exaggerated neuronal toxicity as demonstrated by higher infarction area. The target effects of carveol were further supported by molecular docking analysis of drug-protein interactions. Together, our findings suggest that carveol could activate endogenous master anti-oxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating MCAO-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zhen Tan
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Yuan Y, Men W, Shan X, Zhai H, Qiao X, Geng L, Li C. Baicalein exerts neuroprotective effect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury via alteration of NF-kB and LOX and AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1327-1341. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Ganesh GV, Ramkumar KM. Macrophage mediation in normal and diabetic wound healing responses. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:347-363. [PMID: 32146517 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The failure in timely healing of wounds is a central feature in chronic wounds that leads to physiological, psychological and economic burdens. Macrophages have been demonstrated to have various functions in wounds including host defense, the promotion and resolution of inflammation, the removal of apoptotic cells and tissue restoration following injury. Accumulated evidence suggests that macrophage dysfunction is a component of the pathogenesis of non-healing wounds. While the overall signaling cascades have been well understood, their complex interplay and a detailed characterization of events that are disrupted in chronic wounds have still not emerged satisfactorily. METHODS The existing literature was reviewed to summarize the regulation of macrophage polarization in wound closure and dysregulation in non-healing wounds. Further, the review also underscored the role of Nrf2 in promoting macrophage-mediated regulation in wound responses and in particular, macrophage involvement in iron homeostasis that is impaired in chronic wounds such as in diabetes. RESULTS The mechanisms involved in the reprogramming of macrophage subtypes in chronic wounds are still emerging. Furthermore, treating non-healing wounds has increasingly been shifting focus from generic treatments to the development of targeted therapies. Increasing evidence suggests the need for modeling wound tissue in vitro which may very well serve a critical aspect to characterize the relevant factors that sustain chronic wounds in vivo such as the constant iron overload at the wound site from recurrent infection and bleeding. CONCLUSION The development of targeted therapies and also developing a reliable means to monitor assisted healing of chronic wounds are two major goals to be pursued. In addition, identifying molecular targets that can regulate macrophages to aid tissue restoration in chronic wounds would serve the crucial step in realizing both aforementioned goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham V Ganesh
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India.
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19
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Bian L, Shen F, Mao LG, Zhou W, Liu Z, Chen GL. Tissue kallikrein: A potential serum biomarker to predict delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:148-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Huang JJ, Qiu SZ, Zheng GR, Chen B, Shen J, Yin HM, Mao W. Determination of serum tissue kallikrein levels after traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Zhao Z, Xu Z, Liu T, Huang S, Huang H, Huang X. Human Urinary Kallidinogenase Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Cells. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:6393150. [PMID: 31428213 PMCID: PMC6681601 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6393150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders which poses significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress both play important roles in the pathogenesis of migraine. Human urinary kallidinogenase (UK) is a tissue kallikrein derived from human urine. Increasing evidence suggests that UK may protect against ischemic stroke, but UK's treatment potential against migraine remains to be explored. Immortal BV-2 murine microglial cells were treated with UK (125 nM, 250 nM, and 500 nM) and then given lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1000 ng/mL). Cell viability of BV-2 cells was tested by the CCK-8 assay. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were examined with the ELISA method and western blot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to determine oxidative stress. Our results showed that LPS administration increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-1β) and oxidative stress (ROS and MDA) when compared with the control group and decreased significantly upon introduction with UK. Taken together, UK treatment reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, which might be a potential treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Neurorehabilitation Dept. 2, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523945, China
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22
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of Alantolactone through the Suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070739. [PMID: 31323885 PMCID: PMC6678480 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major cause of central nervous system (CNS) damage and can result in long-term disability and mortality. Therefore, the development of effective anti-neuroinflammatory agents for neuroprotection is vital. To our surprise, the naturally occurring molecule alantolactone (Ala) was reported to significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis as a result of its excellent anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, we proposed that it could also act as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. Thus, in this study, a coculture system of BV2 cells and PC12 cells were used as an in vitro neuroinflammatory model to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of Ala. The results indicated that Ala downregulated the expression of proinflammatory factors by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Further evaluation using a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model supported the conclusion that Ala could (1) alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; (2) reduce neurological deficits, cerebral infarct volume, and brain edema; and (3) attenuate the apoptosis and necrosis of neurons. In sum, Ala demonstrates anti-neuroinflammatory properties that contribute to the amelioration of CNS damage, and it could be a promising candidate for future applications in CNS injury treatment.
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23
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Liu L, Locascio LM, Doré S. Critical Role of Nrf2 in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30890934 PMCID: PMC6411824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide; however, effective clinical approaches are still limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 is a master regulator in cellular and organismal defense against endogenous and exogenous stressors by coordinating basal and stress-inducible activation of multiple cytoprotective genes. The Nrf2 network not only tightly controls redox homeostasis but also regulates multiple intermediary metabolic processes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases including stroke. Here, the current understanding of the Nrf2 regulatory network is critically examined to present evidence for the contribution of Nrf2 pathway in rodent ischemic stroke models. This review outlines the literature for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke and focuses on the in vivo evidence for the role of Nrf2 in primary and secondary brain injuries. The dynamic change and functional importance of Nrf2 signaling, as well as Nrf2 targeted intervention, are revealed in permanent, transient, and global cerebral ischemia models. In addition, key considerations, pitfalls, and future potentials for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Logan M Locascio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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24
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Alexander-Curtis M, Pauls R, Chao J, Volpi JJ, Bath PM, Verdoorn TA. Human tissue kallikrein in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286418821918. [PMID: 30719079 PMCID: PMC6348491 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418821918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The most severe form of stroke results from large vessel occlusion of the major branches of the Circle of Willis. The treatment strategies currently available in western countries for large vessel occlusion involve rapid restoration of blood flow through removal of the offending blood clot using mechanical or pharmacological means (e.g. tissue plasma activator; tPA). This review assesses prospects for a novel pharmacological approach to enhance the availability of the natural enzyme tissue kallikrein (KLK1), an important regulator of local blood flow. KLK1 is responsible for the generation of kinins (bradykinin and kallidin), which promote local vasodilation and long-term vascularization. Moreover, KLK1 has been used clinically as a direct treatment for multiple diseases associated with impaired local blood flow including AIS. A form of human KLK1 isolated from human urine is approved in the People's Republic of China for subacute treatment of AIS. Here we review the rationale for using KLK1 as an additional pharmacological treatment for AIS by providing the biochemical mechanism as well as the human clinical data that support this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick Pauls
- DiaMedica Therapeutics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John J Volpi
- Houston Methodist, Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
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25
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Song J, Zhang W, Wang J, Yang H, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Wang H, Li L, Du G. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by salvianolic acid C attenuates NF‑κB mediated inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:299-310. [PMID: 30142530 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to neuroinflammation. Drugs targeting inflammation have been proved to be effective in many animal models. Salvianolic acid C (SalC) is a compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a plant with reported effects of inhibiting inflammation. However, the anti-inflammation effects and biological mechanisms of SalC on LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation remain unknown. The aim of this paper was to study its protective effects and its anti-inflammation mechanisms. LPS was used both in vivo and in vitro to induce neuroinflammation in SD rats and microglia cells. MTT assay was carried out to detect cell viability. The levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑10 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA method. The expressions of p‑AMPK, p‑NF‑κB p65, p‑IκBα, Nrf2, HO‑1 and NQO1 proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. The nuclear translocation of NF‑κB p65 was studied by immunofluorescence assay. The specific Nrf2 siRNA was used to clarify the interaction between Nrf2 and NF‑κB p65. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C was used study the upstream protein of Nrf2. Results showed that LPS induced the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines and mediated the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF‑κB p65 in rat brains and microglia cells. SalC reversed the inflammatory response induced by LPS and inhibited the NF‑κB activation. SalC also upregulated the expression of p‑AMPK, Nrf2, HO‑1 and NQO1. But the anti-inflammation and NF‑κB inhibition effects of SalC were attenuated by transfection with specific Nrf2 siRNA or interference with the potent AMPK inhibitor Compound C. In conclusion, SalC inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response and NF‑κB activation through the activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qimeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wei Z, Lyu Y, Yang X, Chen X, Zhong P, Wu D. Therapeutic Values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Neurol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29922218 PMCID: PMC5996104 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “tissue kallikrein” is used to describe a group of serine proteases shared considerable sequence homology and colocalize in the same chromosomal locus 19q13. 2–q13.4. It has been widely discovered in various tissues and has been proved to be involved in kinds of pathophysiological processes, such as inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (HUK) extracted from human urine is a member of tissue kallikrein which could convert kininogen to kinin and hence improve the plasma kinin level. Medical value of HUK has been widely investigated in China, especially on acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we will summarize the therapeutic values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on acute ischemic stroke and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nokkari A, Abou-El-Hassan H, Mechref Y, Mondello S, Kindy MS, Jaffa AA, Kobeissy F. Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:26-50. [PMID: 29355711 PMCID: PMC6026079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neural molecular pathways, different strategies have been geared to target the development and progression of such disorders. The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is among the most delineated candidate systems due to its ubiquitous roles mediating several of the pathophysiological features of these neurological disorders as well as being implicated in regulating various brain functions. Several experimental KKS models revealed that the inhibition or stimulation of the two receptors of the KKS system (B1R and B2R) can exhibit neuroprotective and/or adverse pathological outcomes. This updated review provides background details of the KKS components and their functions in different neurological disorders including temporal lobe epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma. Finally, this work will highlight the putative roles of the KKS components as potential neurotherapeutic targets and provide future perspectives on the possibility of translating these findings into potential clinical biomarkers in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaly Nokkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mark S Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Ma SC, Hao YJ, Jiao Y, Wang YH, Xu LB, Mao CY, Yang XL, Yang AN, Tian J, Zhang MH, Jin SJ, Xu H, Jiang YD, Zhang HP. Homocysteine‑induced oxidative stress through TLR4/NF‑κB/DNMT1‑mediated LOX‑1 DNA methylation in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9181-9188. [PMID: 29039510 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive disease of multifactorial origin, which occurs in response to endothelial injury. Increased homocysteine (Hcy) is considered a major cause of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA methylation; however, the mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Hcy causes injury to endothelial cells (ECs) by the effect of lectin‑like oxidized‑low density lipoprotein receptor‑1 (LOX‑1) DNA methylation through toll‑like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)‑κB/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1. The ECs were treated with different concentrations of Hcy, and it was found that Hcy promoted the expression of TLR4, leading to EC injury. The effect of oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the ECs. In addition, the association between NF‑κB and DNMT1 was examined by treatment of the ECs with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The results suggested that Hcy induced LOX‑1 DNA hypomethyaltion to promote the expression levels of LOX‑1. Taken together, Hcy injured the ECs through the effect of methylation and trans‑sulfuration metabolism of LOX‑1 through TLR4/NF‑κB/DNMT1. Following injury to the ECs, lipids, particularly ox‑LDL, accumulated in the sub‑endothelial layer to promote the formation of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ju Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Yan Mao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - An-Ning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jue Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ju Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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29
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Martínez-Huélamo M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, de la Torre R. Modulation of Nrf2 by Olive Oil and Wine Polyphenols and Neuroprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E73. [PMID: 28954417 PMCID: PMC5745483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with improved cognitive function and a lower prevalence of mild cognitive impairment. Olive oil and red wine are rich sources of polyphenols which are responsible in part for the beneficial effects on cognitive functioning. Polyphenols induce endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms by modulating transcription factors such as the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). This review discusses the scientific data supporting the modulating effect of olive oil and red wine polyphenols on Nrf2 expression, and the potential health benefits associated with cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Integrated Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrated Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrated Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrated Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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