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Wang J, Zheng B, Yang S, Zheng H, Wang J. Opicapone Protects Against Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2018-2028. [PMID: 34709593 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-related brain vascular disorders and brain endothelial dysfunction are important characteristics of the pathogeneses of subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke. Upregulated homocysteine (Hcy) can impair the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Opicapone has been recently licensed for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it is unknown whether it possesses a protective effect in brain vessels against HHcy. To investigate the beneficial effects of Opicapone on BBB permeability against HHcy, we carried out both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mice were allocated into four groups: the Control, Opicapone, HHcy, and HHcy + Opicapone. Interestingly, we found that the administration of Opicapone attenuated the increased BBB permeability in Hcy-treated mice, as determined by sodium fluorescein staining. The immunofluorescence staining showed that Opicapone prevented homocysteine-induced reduction of claudin-2 in the mice cortices. The in situ zymography assay revealed that Opicapone suppressed homocysteine-increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity in the cortices. In bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells, Opicapone treatment ameliorated homocysteine-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, Opicapone alleviated homocysteine-induced decrease in claudin-2 level in bEnd.3 cells. In summary, our results show that Opicapone protects against HHcy-induced BBB permeability by reducing the expression and gelatinase activity of MMPs, and increasing the expression of claudin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an Peoples Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an Peoples Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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3
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Kumar M, Sandhir R. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced blood-brain barrier permeability by inhibiting MMP-9. Int J Neurosci 2021; 132:1061-1071. [PMID: 33287606 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1860967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgroud: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is implicated in various neurovascular disorders including vascular dementia, subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are associated with increased oxidative stress and compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently emerged as potent neuroprotective molecule in various neurological conditions including those associated with HHcy. The present study evaluates the protective effect of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS; a source of H2S) on HHcy-induced BBB dysfunction and underpin molecular mechanisms.Materials and methods: Supplementation of NaHS restored the increased BBB permeability in the cortex and hippocampus of HHcy animals assessed in terms of diffused sodium fluorescein and Evans blue tracer dyes in the brain. Activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assessed by gelatinase activity and in situ gelatinase assay was restored to the normal in the cortex and hippocampus of HHcy animals supplemented with NaHS.Results: Application of gelatin zymography revealed that specifically MMP-9 activity was increased in the cortex and hippocampus of HHcy animals, which was inhibited by NaHS supplementation. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that NaHS administration also decreased mRNA expression of MMP-9 in the hippocampus of HHcy animals. NaHS supplementation was further observed to reduce water retention in the brain regions of Hcy treated animals.Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that NaHS supplementation ameliorates HHcy-induced BBB permeability and brain edema by inhibiting the mRNA expression and activity of MMP-9. Therefore, H2S and H2S releasing drugs may be used as a novel therapeutic approach to treat HHcy-associated neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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4
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Su HF, Shaker S, Kuang Y, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix). Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1999-2038. [PMID: 33464616 DOI: 10.1002/med.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhou L, Lapping S, Liao X, Lu Y, Zhou G, Matoba K, Vasudevan N, Wang L, Nayak L. The thromboprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicine Tongji 2 granules is dependent on anti-inflammatory activity by suppression of NF-κB pathways. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241607. [PMID: 33180821 PMCID: PMC7660536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital physiological response of the immune system meant to protect against the invasion of pathogens. However, accumulating evidence describes an intimate link between inflammation and thrombosis and cellular elements of the immune system of the immune system such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages are emerging as key players in the generation of a prothrombotic milieu suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy may have a role in the management of thrombosis that is driven by inflammation. Tongji 2 (TJ2) is a traditional Chinese medication manufactured as granules by Tongji hospital of Tongji University (Shanghai, China) with known anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we examine the effects of TJ2 on inflammation and thrombosis. Our study shows that TJ2 modulates NF-κB activation and thus generates a prominent anti-inflammatory effect. Further, we use mouse models of thrombosis to demonstrate that TJ2 has a beneficial effect in both arterial and venous thrombosis that occurs in the absence of alterations in platelet activation or coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephanie Lapping
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuan Lu
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Neelakantan Vasudevan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Fu Y, Wei J, Li B, Gao L, Xia P, Wen Y, Xu S. CGA ameliorates cognitive decline by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and neurotransmitter systems in rats with multi-infarct dementia. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:70. [PMID: 32963600 PMCID: PMC7490799 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi infarct dementia (MID) is a form of dementia that is preventable and treatable. However, at present, the drugs used in MID treatment were developed for Alzheimer's disease. While only a limited range of drugs is available, the incidence of MID is increasing year on year. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of a combination of ginsenosides and astragalosides (CGA) on cognitive decline in rats with MID. A rat model of MID was established using micro-thromboembolism, and the behavioral changes in the rats were evaluated using the Morris water maze and open field tests at 60 days post-CGA intervention. The pathological morphology of the hippocampal CA1 area was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mitochondrial swelling and changes in the membrane potential in the hippocampus were detected using flow cytometry, and the changes in insulin, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content were detected using ELISA. Additionally, the expression of PI3K and AKT proteins was detected using western blot analysis. In a rat model of MID, CGA shortened the escape latency, increased the frequency of platform crossing, improved the disordered vertebral cell arrangement and reduced the cell number in the hippocampal CA1 area. CGA also reduced the degree of mitochondrial swelling, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated the energy load and ATP content in the brain of rats with MID. Furthermore, CGA increased the insulin content and upregulated the expression of PI3K and AKT in the brain of rats with MID. In addition, in the rat model of MID, CGA also enhanced the movement time and the frequency of standing, and decreased the concentration of glutamate and GABA in the brain tissue. Amelioration of the cognitive decline in rats with MID by CGA was associated with its regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Geriatrics Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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7
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He Q, Han C, Huang L, Yang H, Hu J, Chen H, Dou R, Ren D, Lin H. Astragaloside IV alleviates mouse slow transit constipation by modulating gut microbiota profile and promoting butyric acid generation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9349-9361. [PMID: 32628809 PMCID: PMC7417726 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with the development of various human diseases. In this study, we examined the role of astragaloside IV in modulating mouse gut microbiota structure and the generation of SCFAs, as well as in slow transit constipation (STC). An STC model was established by treating mice with loperamide, in which the therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV were evaluated. The microbiota community structure and SCFA content were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, respectively. The influence of butyrate on STC was assessed using a mouse model and Cajal cells (ICC). Astragaloside IV promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, suppressed ICC loss and alleviated colonic lesions in STC mice. Alterations in gut microbiota community structure in STC mice, such as decreased Lactobacillus reuteri diversity, were improved following astragaloside IV treatment. Moreover, astragaloside IV up‐regulated butyric acid and valeric acid, but decreased isovaleric acid, in STC mouse stools. Butyrate promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, and enhanced ICC proliferation by regulating the AKT–NF‐κB signalling pathway. Astragaloside IV promoted intestinal transit in STC mice and inhibited ICC loss by regulating the gut microbiota community structure and generating butyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changpeng Han
- Department of Colo-proctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Yang
- Department of Colo-proctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxu Dou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Wu JS, Li JM, Lo HY, Hsiang CY, Ho TY. Anti-hypertensive and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory effects of Radix Astragali and its bioactive peptide AM-1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112724. [PMID: 32119952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypertension is one of the common chronic health problems in the world. Astragalus membranaceus root (AM), also known as Huangqi, is a popular medicinal herb traditionally used to reinforce vital energy and modulate hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to reveal the anti-hypertensive activities and mechanisms of AM in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Moreover, the presence of bioactive components in AM was further identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effects of aqueous extract of AM (AME) on the regulation of blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), the major target of anti-hypertensive drugs. Proteomic, bioinformatics, and docking analyses were performed to identify the anti-hypertensive bioactive peptides in AME. RESULTS Our data showed that AME inhibited ACE activities in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 1.85 ± 0.01 μg/ml. In comparison with mock, oral administration of AME reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in SHRs, and the level of SBP was decreased by 22.33 ± 3.61 mmHg at 200 mg/kg AME. Proteomic analysis identified that an abundant 152-amino-acid putative protein kinase fragment accounted for approximately 11.7% of protein spots in AME. AM-1 (LVPPHA), a gastrointestinal enzyme-resistant peptide cleaved from putative protein kinase fragment, inhibited ACE activities, with an IC50 value of 414.88 ± 41.88 μM. Moreover, oral administration of AM-1 significantly decreased SBP levels by 42 ± 2.65 mmHg at 10 μmol/kg. Docking analysis further showed that AM-1 docked into the active site channel of ACE and interacted with Ala-354 in the active site pocket of ACE. CONCLUSIONS the ACE inhibitory effect of AM and the presence of ACE inhibitory phytopeptide in AME supported the ethnomedical use of AM on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Miao Li
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 50008, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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9
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Liang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang R, Xu X, Hu X. Astragalus Membranaceus Treatment Protects Raw264.7 Cells from Influenza Virus by Regulating G1 Phase and the TLR3-Mediated Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2971604. [PMID: 31975996 PMCID: PMC6955127 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2971604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection disease caused by the influenza virus. At present, due to the high mutation rate of influenza virus, it is difficult for the existing antiviral drugs to play an effective antiviral effect continually, so it is urgent to develop a new anti-influenza drug. Recently, more and more studies have been conducted on the antiviral activity of Astragalus membranaceus, but the specific antiviral mechanism of this traditional Chinese medicine is not clear. In this study, the results proved that the Astragalus membranaceus injection showed obvious anti-influenza virus activity. It could improve the survival rate of Raw264.7 cells which were infected with influenza virus, while it improved the blocking effect of influenza virus on cell cycle after infection, increased the SOD activity, and reduced the MDA content. At the same time, the innate immunity was affected by regulating the expression of TLR3, TAK1, TBK1, IRF3, and IFN-β in the TLR3-mediated signaling pathway, thus exerting its antiviral effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linjing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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11
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Duan SN, Qi W, Zhang SW, Huang KK, Yuan D. Simultaneous quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis of multiple chemical markers of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill by UHPLC–MS/MS. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:275-283. [PMID: 30648581 PMCID: PMC9298634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill (WJBFP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) complex formula, which has been widely used in the treatment of various gynecological disorders. However, the quality control of multiple components in WJBFP is challengeable by using the methods applicable to analysis of several phytochemicals in single herbs or simple herbal preparations. The purpose of this study is to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of 20 bioactive compounds in WJBFP. The modified chromatographic conditions were achieved on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column with a gradient elution consisted of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (v/v). All analytes were determined using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in positive or negative ionization modes with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. An UHPLC–MS/MS method was optimized and validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of 20 compounds in 19 batches of commercial WJBFP products. principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to evaluate intrinsic quality and to identify chemical markers most responsible for quality evaluation. In conclusion, the established method offered speedy and sensitive determination for 20 compounds and is helpful for chemical standardization of commercial WJBFP products.
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