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Baba B, Ceylani T, Gurbanov R, Acikgoz E, Keskin S, Allahverdi H, Samgane G, Tombuloglu H, Teker HT. Promoting longevity in aged liver through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition using tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and SCD probiotics. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105517. [PMID: 38851091 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This investigation explores the combined influence of SCD Probiotics and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on liver health in elderly male Sprague-Dawley rats. Through the administration of intravenous TUDCA (300 mg/kg) and oral SCD Probiotics (3 mL at 1 × 10^8 CFU) daily for one week, this study evaluates the biomolecular composition, histopathological alterations, and inflammasome activity in the liver. Analytical methods encompassed ATR-FTIR spectroscopy integrated with machine learning for the assessment of biomolecular structures, RT-qPCR for quantifying inflammasome markers (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL18, IL1β), and histological examinations to assess liver pathology. The findings reveal that TUDCA prominently enhanced lipid metabolism by reducing cholesterol esters, while SCD Probiotics modulated both lipid and protein profiles, notably affecting fatty acid chain lengths and protein configurations. Histological analysis showed significant reductions in cellular degeneration, lymphatic infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, the study noted a decrease in the immunoreactivity for NLRP3 and ASC, suggesting suppressed inflammasome activity. While SCD Probiotics reduced the expression of certain inflammasome-related genes, they also paradoxically increased AST and LDH levels. Conversely, an exclusive elevation in albumin levels was observed in the group treated with SCD Probiotics, implying a protective role against liver damage. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of TUDCA and SCD Probiotics for managing age-associated liver disorders, illustrating their individual and synergistic effects on liver health and pathology. This study provides insights into the complex interactions of these agents, advocating for customized therapeutic approaches to combat liver fibrosis, enhance liver functionality, and decrease inflammation in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taha Ceylani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muş Alparslan University Muş, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Muş Alparslan University Muş, Turkey.
| | - Rafig Gurbanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik, Turkey; Central Research Laboratory, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Seda Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Allahverdi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muş Alparslan University Muş, Turkey
| | - Gizem Samgane
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hikmet Taner Teker
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara Medipol University Ankara, Turkey.
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Wang L, Liu H, Zhou L, Zheng P, Li H, Zhang H, Liu W. Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence, Mechanism, and Treatment. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:917-933. [PMID: 39006248 PMCID: PMC11244635 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s468420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common sleep-disordered breathing condition, is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Abnormal molecular changes mediated by IH, such as high expression of hypoxia-inducible factors, are reportedly involved in abnormal pathophysiological states, including insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, cell death, and inflammation, which mediate the development of NAFLD. However, the relationship between IH and NAFLD remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the clinical correlation between OSA and NAFLD, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of IH in NAFLD progression. We meticulously summarize clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure treatment for NAFLD in OSA. Additionally, we compile potential molecular biomarkers for the co-occurrence of OSA and NAFLD. Finally, we discuss the current research progress and challenges in the field of OSA and NAFLD and propose future directions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Breuillard C, Moulin S, Bouyon S, Couchet M, Moinard C, Belaidi E. Chronic intermittent hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea slightly alters nutritional status: a pre-clinical study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1250529. [PMID: 37964925 PMCID: PMC10642957 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1250529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (cIH) that causes disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. Animals exposed to cIH show lower body weight and food intake, but the protein-energy metabolism has never been investigated. Here, to address the gap, we studied the impact of cIH on nutritional status in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 8): a control group (Ctrl), a cIH group (cIH) exposed to cIH (30 s 21-30 s 5% fraction of inspired oxygen, 8 h per day, for 14 days), and a pair-fed group (PF) exposed to normoxia with food intake adjusted to the intake of the cIH group rats with anorexia. Body weight and food intake were measured throughout the study. After 14 days, the rats were euthanized, the organs were collected, weighed, and the liver, intestine mucosa, and muscles were snap-frozen to measure total protein content. Food intake was decreased in the cIH group. Body weight was significantly lower in the cIH group only (-11%, p < 0.05). Thymus and liver weight as well as EDL protein content tended to be lower in the cIH group than in the Ctrl and PF groups. Jejunum and ileum mucosa protein contents were lower in the cIH group compared to the PF group. cIH causes a slight impairment of nutritional status and immunity. This pre-clinical work argues for greater consideration of malnutrition in care for OSAS patients. Further studies are warranted to devise an adequate nutritional strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Breuillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Moulin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Belaidi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
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Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Dong N, Wang X, He Y, Yue H, Yin Q. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:218. [PMID: 37230968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function in the upper airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, and fluid shifts to the neck. The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration, which lead to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep, which sharply increases the risk of several diseases. This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology, incidence, and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS. Next, the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed. For example, IH can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair the intestinal barrier, and alter intestinal metabolites. These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation. We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis, including cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive disorders, and COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future, but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Molecular Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065478. [PMID: 36982552 PMCID: PMC10058074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep due to recurrent upper airway obstruction. The derived oxidative stress (OS) leads to complications that do not only concern the sleep-wake rhythm but also systemic dysfunctions. The aim of this narrative literature review is to investigate molecular alterations, diagnostic markers, and potential medical therapies for OSAS. We analyzed the literature and synthesized the evidence collected. IH increases oxygen free radicals (ROS) and reduces antioxidant capacities. OS and metabolic alterations lead OSAS patients to undergo endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, systemic inflammation, increased cardiovascular risk, pulmonary remodeling, and neurological alterations. We treated molecular alterations known to date as useful for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms and for their potential application as diagnostic markers. The most promising pharmacological therapies are those based on N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Vitamin C, Leptin, Dronabinol, or Atomoxetine + Oxybutynin, but all require further experimentation. CPAP remains the approved therapy capable of reversing most of the known molecular alterations; future drugs may be useful in treating the remaining dysfunctions.
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Li M, He Y, Zhang W, Yin Y, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Wang J, Wen J, Yang W, Xu C, Zhang B. Taraxasterol alleviates fatty acid-induced lipid deposition in calf hepatocytes by decreasing ROS production and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad015. [PMID: 36638067 PMCID: PMC9977349 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) induce reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thus, increasing the risk of fatty liver in dairy cows during the periparturient period. In non-ruminants, Taraxasterol (Tara; a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in medicinal plants) plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant reactions. Whether Tara can alleviate or prevent fatty liver in ruminants is unknown. We addressed whether Tara supply could dampen lipid accumulation, ROSs production, and ER stress caused by FFAs in calf hepatocytes. Primary calf hepatocytes were isolated from five healthy calves (1 d old, female, 30-40 kg, fasting, rectal temperature 38.7-39.7 °C). In the first experiment, hepatocytes were incubated with various concentrations of Tara (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL) for 12 h prior to the 1.2-mM FFAs challenge. Results indicated that the level of ROSs was lowest with 5 μg/mL Tara. Thus, to further characterize the molecular mechanisms whereby Tara protects from FFAs-induced lipid deposition in calf hepatocytes, we performed incubations with 5 μg/mL Tara for 12 h prior to a 1.2-mM FFAs challenge for an additional 12 h. Results indicated that 1.2-mM FFAs challenge increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced expression of proteins and mRNA associated with ER stress (PERK, IRE1, GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP) and fatty acid synthesis (FASN, ACC1, and SREBP-1c), and ultimately led to increased lipid droplet synthesis. In contrast, Tara treatment alleviated these negative effects after 1.2-mM FFAs challenge. To determine whether Tara protects against FFAs-induced lipid droplet synthesis by alleviating oxidative stress, hepatocytes were treated with 5 μg/mL Tara for 22 h prior to H2O2 (440 μM) challenge for 2 h. Compared with H2O2 treatment alone, results revealed a marked decrease in ROSs, MMP, and protein abundance of ER stress (GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP) and lipid droplet synthesis in response to Tara prior to H2O2 challenge. Data suggested that the increase in mitochondrial ROSs production contributes to lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes. Collectively, our in vitro data indicate that Tara alleviates fatty acid-induced lipid deposition. Further research is warranted to ascertain that Tara can be helpful in the therapeutic management of early lactating cows to control or alleviate excessive hepatic lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianan Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing163319, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Advances in Molecular Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238422. [PMID: 36500515 PMCID: PMC9739159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common syndrome that features a complex etiology and set of mechanisms. Here we summarized the molecular pathogenesis of OSA, especially the prospective mechanism of upper? airway dilator fatigue and the current breakthroughs. Additionally, we also introduced the molecular mechanism of OSA in terms of related studies on the main signaling pathways and epigenetics alterations, such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation. We also reviewed small molecular compounds, which are potential targets for gene regulations in the future, that are involved in the regulation of OSA. This review will be beneficial to point the way for OSA research within the next decade.
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Steinberger AE, Tecos ME, Phelps HM, Rubin DC, Davidson NO, Guo J, Warner BW. A novel maladaptive unfolded protein response as a mechanism for small bowel resection-induced liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G165-G176. [PMID: 35727920 PMCID: PMC9377788 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00302.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a complex adaptive signaling pathway activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress (ERS) triggers a cascade of responses that converge upon C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) to drive inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we sought to determine whether liver injury and fibrosis after small bowel resection (SBR) were mediated by a maladaptive hepatic ERS/UPR. C57BL/6 mice underwent 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. Markers of liver injury and UPR/ERS pathways were analyzed. These were compared with experimental groups including dietary fat manipulation, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment, distal SBR, and global CHOP knockout (KO). At 10 wk, proximal SBR had elevated alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) (P < 0.005) and greater hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (P = 0.001) and collagen type 1 α1 (COL1A1) (P = 0.02) than shams. SBR livers had increased CHOP and p-eIF2α, but were absent in activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein expression. Low-fat diet (LFD), TUDCA, and distal SBR groups had decreased liver enzymes, inflammation, and fibrosis (P < 0.05). Importantly, they demonstrated reversal of hepatic UPR with diminished CHOP and robust ATF4 signal. CHOP KO-SBR had decreased ALT but not AST compared with wild-type (WT)-SBR (P = 0.01, P = 0.12). There were no differences in TNFα and COL1A1 (P = 0.09, P = 0.50). SBR-induced liver injury, fibrosis is associated with a novel hepatic UPR/ERS response characterized by increased CHOP and decreased ATF4. LFD, TUDCA, and ileocecal resection rescued the hepatic phenotype and reversed the UPR pattern. Global CHOP KO only partially attenuated liver injury. This underscores the significance of disruptions to the gut/liver axis after SBR and potentiates targets to mitigate the progression of intestinal failure-associated liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a complex signaling cascade that converges upon C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Under conditions of chronic cellular stress, the UPR shifts from homeostatic to proapoptotic leading to inflammation and cell death. Here, we provide evidence that small bowel resection-induced liver injury and fibrosis are mediated by a maladaptive hepatic UPR. Low-fat diet, TUDCA treatment, and ileocecal resection rescued the hepatic phenotype and reversed the UPR pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie E Steinberger
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maria E Tecos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Hannah M Phelps
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
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Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death Is Mediated by HIF-1 Dependent MAM Disruption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081462. [PMID: 36009181 PMCID: PMC9405320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is one of the main features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Recent findings indicate that hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis during chronic IH, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that IH-induced ER stress is associated with mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction, through HIF-1 activation. Methods: Right atrial appendage biopsies from patients with and without SDB were used to determine HIF-1α, Grp78 and CHOP expressions. Wild-type and HIF-1α+/− mice were exposed to normoxia (N) or IH (21–5% O2, 60 cycles/h, 8 h/day) for 21 days. Expressions of HIF-1α, Grp78 and CHOP, and apoptosis, were measured by Western blot and immunochemistry. In isolated cardiomyocytes, we examined structural integrity of MAM by proximity ligation assay and their function by measuring ER-to-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer by confocal microscopy. Finally, we measured mitochondrial respiration using oxygraphy and calcium retention capacity (CRC) by spectrofluorometry. MAM structure was also investigated in H9C2 cells incubated with 1 mM CoCl2, a potent HIF-1α inducer. Results: In human atrial biopsies and mice, IH induced HIF-1 activation, ER stress and apoptosis. IH disrupted MAM, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration and CRC. Importantly, IH had no effect in HIF-1α+/− mice. Similar to what observed under IH, HIF-1α overexpression was associated with MAM alteration in H9C2. Conclusion: IH-induced ER stress, MAM alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction were mediated by HIF-1; all these intermediate mechanisms ultimately inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This suggests that HIF-1 modulation might limit the deleterious cardiac effects of SDB.
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Bai C, Zhu Y, Dong Q, Zhang Y. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7528-7540. [PMID: 35263214 PMCID: PMC8973594 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2047394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory disorder and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is an important pathological characteristic of OSAS. Injuries on renal tubular epithelial cells were observed under the condition of CIH. Pyroptosis is a programmed mode of cell death following cell apoptosis and cell necrosis, which is mediated by NLRP3 signaling. The present study aims to investigate the effects of CIH on the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, CIH was induced in two renal tubular epithelial cell lines, HK-2 cells and TCMK-1 cells. As the aggravation of hypoxia, an increasing trend of elevated apoptotic rate was observed in HK-2 cells and TCMK-1 cells, accompanied by the excessive release of ROS and LDH, and upregulation of NLRP3. Subsequently, the CIH model was established on rats. The pathological analysis results indicated that in CIH rats, the glomerular bottom membrane and mesangium were slightly thickened and edema was observed in the renal tubule epithelium. More serious injury was observed in the moderate intermittent hypoxia group. The expression level of IL-1β and IL-18 was promoted as the aggravation of hypoxia, accompanied by the elevated production of LDH and ROS. The expression level of cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-1, GSDMD, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 was found significantly upregulated as the aggravation of hypoxia. Lastly, the pathological changes in rats induced by CIH were dramatically abolished by MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3. Collectively, CIH triggered the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Bai
- Division of Geriatrics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yingfei Zhu
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiaoliang Dong
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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Jia H, Liu N, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Wu Z. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117238. [PMID: 33984781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of food or cereal products contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) and related derivatives poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. However, the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), an acetylated form of deoxynivalenol, have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that 3-Ac-DON caused significant oxidative damage, as shown by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, increased lipid peroxidation products, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, 3-Ac-DON exposure led to elevated infiltrations of immune cell, increased apoptosis and autophagy in the liver. Interestingly, 3-Ac-DON-resulted apoptosis and liver injury were partially reduced by autophagy inhibitors. Further study showed that 3-Ac-DON-treated mice had altered ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as enhanced protein levels of p-IRE1α, p-PERK, and downstream targets, indicating activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the liver. Importantly, 3-Ac-DON induced ER stress, oxidative damage, cell death, infiltration of immune cells, and increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly abolished by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, indicating a critical role of UPR signaling for the cellular damage of the liver in response to 3-Ac-DON exposure. In conclusion, using mice as an animal model, we showed that 3-Ac-DON exposure impaired the function of liver, as shown by oxidative damage, cell death, and infiltration of immune cell, in which ER stress played an important role. Restoration of the ER function might be a preventive strategy to reduce the deleterious effect of 3-Ac-DON on the liver of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Tian RD, Chen YQ, He YH, Tang YJ, Chen GM, Yang FW, Li Y, Huang WG, Chen H, Liu X, Lin SD. Phosphorylation of eIF2α mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatocyte necroptosis in acute liver injury. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:79-87. [PMID: 31548168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Necroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in acute and chronic liver injury. Activated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) attenuates protein synthesis and relieves the load of protein folding in the ER. In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of eIF2α phosphorylation on hepatocyte necroptosis in acute liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male BALB/c mice were injected with tunicamycin or d-galactosamine, and LO2 cells were incubated with tunicamycin to induce acute liver injury. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (PBA) and salubrinal were used to inhibit ER stress and eIF2α dephosphorylation, respectively. We analyzed the eIF2α phosphorylation, ER stress, and hepatocyte necroptosis in mice and cells model. RESULTS Tunicamycin or d-galactosamine significantly induced ER stress and necroptosis, as well as eIF2α phosphorylation, in mice and LO2 cells (p<0.05). ER stress aggravated tunicamycin-induced hepatocyte necroptosis in mice and LO2 cells (p<0.05). Elevated eIF2α phosphorylation significantly mitigated hepatocyte ER stress (p<0.05) and hepatocyte necroptosis in mice (34.37±3.39% vs 22.53±2.18%; p<0.05) and LO2 cells (1±0.11 vs 0.33±0.05; p<0.05). Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 protein levels were not completely synchronized with necroptosis. TNFR1 expression was reduced in d-galactosamine-treated mice (p<0.05) and cells incubated with tunicamycin for 12 and 24h (p<0.05). ER stress partially restored TNFR1 expression and increased necroptosis in tunicamycin-incubated cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that ER stress can mediate hepatocyte necroptosis independent of TNFR1 signaling and elevated eIF2α phosphorylation can mitigate ER stress during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Dong Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Yi-Qun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Yi-Huai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China.
| | - Yong-Jing Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Gui-Mei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Fang-Wan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Wen-Ge Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
| | - Shi-De Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, ZunyiGuizhou, China
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Gao W, Teng L. Salidroside alleviated hypoxia-induced liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:335-340. [PMID: 32703432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis played vital role in liver injury and dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on hypoxia induced liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. Male SD rats were exposed to hypobaric chamber to simulate high altitude hypoxia model. High altitude hypoxia led to significant liver injury and apoptosis, increased the expression levels of p-JNK, BAX and ER stress markers. Salidroside treatment significantly inhibited hypoxia induced ER stress by decreasing the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α). In addition, salidroside treatment also restrained the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by decreased pro-apoptotic proteins p-JNK, TRAF2, BAX, and cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 12, as well as upregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, in vitro study found that blocking IRE1α pathway using specific inhibitor STF-083010 subsequently reversed the protective effect of salidroside on liver apoptosis. Taken together, our findings revealed that salidroside exerts protective effects against hypoxia induced liver injury through inhibiting ER stress mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College(PUMC), China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianghong Teng
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Impact of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114121. [PMID: 32527008 PMCID: PMC7312870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle for normal cellular function and homeostasis in most living things. ER stress, which impairs ER function, occurs when the ER is overwhelmed by newly introduced immature proteins or when calcium in the ER is depleted. A number of diseases are associated with ER stress, including otorhinolaryngological diseases. The relationship between ER stress and otorhinolaryngologic conditions has been the subject of investigation over the last decade. Among otologic diseases associated with ER stress are otitis media and hearing loss. In rhinologic diseases, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and obstructive sleep apnea are also significantly associated with ER stress. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between ER stress and otorhinolaryngological diseases, focusing on the current state of knowledge and mechanisms that link ER stress and otorhinolaryngologic diseases.
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Bal NB, Han S, Kiremitci S, Uludag MO, Demirel-Yilmaz E. Reversal of deleterious effect of hypertension on the liver by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2243-2252. [PMID: 32072406 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Besides cardiovascular system, it could cause damage to liver. It has been shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic-acid (TUDCA) has favorable effects on various pathologies including cardiovascular, metabolic and hepatic diseases. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of TUDCA were investigated in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups: Control, DOCA, TUDCA and DOCA + TUDCA. Hypertension was induced by DOCA-salt administration for twelve weeks after the unilateral nephrectomy. TUDCA was given for the last 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by using tail-cuff method. At the end of the treatment, liver was isolated and weighed. The expressions of various proteins and histopathological evaluation were examined in the liver. TUDCA markedly decreased systolic blood pressure in the hypertensive animals. Hypertension caused increase in the expressions of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and phospho-inhibitor κB-α (p-IκB-α) and the decrease in the expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the liver. Alterations in these protein expressions were not detected in the TUDCA-treated hypertensive group. Also, hepatic balloon degeneration, inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the hypertensive group. TUDCA improved inflammation and fibrosis in the hypertensive liver. Our findings indicate that the detrimental effect of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension on the liver was defended by the inhibition of ERS. Hepatic ERS and its treatment should be taken into consideration for therapeutic approaches to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Banu Bal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saba Kiremitci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Song W, Chang WL, Shan D, Gu Y, Gao L, Liang S, Guo H, Yu J, Liu X. Intermittent Hypoxia Impairs Trophoblast Cell Viability by Triggering the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:477-487. [PMID: 32016801 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a prominent characteristic of many clinical complications such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is related to a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and IH has been suggested as the preliminary physiological etiology. However, further studies remain to be performed on the underlying cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of OSAS-related IH on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we used a trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo), primary extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs), and a normal-term placenta villi explant culture model in vitro in this research. The effects and possible molecular mechanisms of IH on trophoblast motility, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were investigated. IH reduced HTR8/SVneo cell and EVT motility significantly, which could be partially attributed to the reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2. IH treatment blocked HTR8/SVneo cell proliferation significantly by modulating the expression of D-type Cyclins. IH also induced significant trophoblast cell apoptosis. Moreover, our study supports the premise that IH attenuates trophoblast cell motility and proliferation and induces excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis by specifically triggering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway. Briefly, differing from the mechanism of trophoblast motility and proliferation inhibition, and apoptosis induction by hypoxia, IH is apt to weaken trophoblast viability mainly by activating the ER stress signaling pathway with a time-dependent pattern, which is further implicated in OSAS-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Beijing Obstetric and Gyneocology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Wen-Lin Chang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- Department of Obstetrics, the People' Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Beijing Obstetric and Gyneocology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yanli Gu
- Central Laboratory, the People' Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Beijing Obstetric and Gyneocology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Department of Beijing Obstetric and Gyneocology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Beijing Obstetric and Gyneocology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Duvigneau JC, Luís A, Gorman AM, Samali A, Kaltenecker D, Moriggl R, Kozlov AV. Crosstalk between inflammatory mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver diseases. Cytokine 2019; 124:154577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Kim SH, Kwon D, Lee S, Ki SH, Jeong HG, Hong JT, Lee YH, Jung YS. Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Phosphate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Liver Cells Is Alleviated by Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) via a Reduction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091023. [PMID: 31484321 PMCID: PMC6770470 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) is a widely used polymeric antimicrobial agent known to induce significant pulmonary toxicity. Several studies have reported that the liver also can be a target organ of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) toxicity, but the exact effect of this compound on liver cells is not well understood. To identify the mechanism of PHMG hepatotoxicity, HepG2 cells were exposed to PHMG-P for 72 h. The cell viability was significantly decreased by PHMG-P in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane potential was markedly reduced by PHMG-P and the apoptotic signaling cascade was activated. The increases observed in C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), p-IRE, and p-JNK levels in PHMG-P-treated cells indicated the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. To verify the role of ER stress in PHMG-P-induced cytotoxicity, HepG2 cells were pretreated with the chemical chaperone, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and then co-treated with TUDCA and PHMG-P for 24 h. Interestingly, TUDCA inhibited PHMG-P-induced ER stress and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial depolarization were also prevented by TUDCA. The proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway were all normalized to their control levels in TUDCA-treated cells. In conclusion, the results suggest that PHMG-P induced significant cytotoxicity in liver cells and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, which may be an important mechanism mediating this hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA.
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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TUDCA attenuates intestinal injury and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated intestinal cell apoptosis in necrotizing enterocolitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Hydrogen and Oxygen Mixture to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Pathological Changes Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7415212. [PMID: 30984338 PMCID: PMC6431505 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7415212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause intermittent changes in blood oxygen saturation, resulting in the generation of many reactive oxygen species (ROS). To discover new antioxidants and clarify the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress involved in cardiac injury in OSA, we established a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) rat model with a fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) ranging from 21% to 9%, 20 times/h for 8 h/day, and the rats were treated with H2-O2 mixture (67% hydrogen and 33% oxygen) for 2 h/day for 35 days. Our results showed that H2-O2 mixture remarkably improved cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. We found that H2-O2 mixture inhalation declined ER stress-induced apoptosis via three major response pathways: PERK-eIF2α-ATF4, IRE 1-XBP1, and ATF 6. Furthermore, we revealed that H2-O2 mixture blocked c-Jun N-terminal kinase- (JNK-) MAPK activation, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and inhibited caspase 3 cleavage to protect against CIH-induced cardiac apoptosis. In addition, H2-O2 mixture considerably decreased ROS levels via upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as well as downregulating NADPH oxidase (NOX 2) expression in the hearts of CIH rats. All the results demonstrated that H2-O2 mixture significantly reduced ER stress and apoptosis and that H2 might be an efficient antioxidant against the oxidative stress injury induced by CIH.
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Ðanić M, Stanimirov B, Pavlović N, Goločorbin-Kon S, Al-Salami H, Stankov K, Mikov M. Pharmacological Applications of Bile Acids and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1382. [PMID: 30559664 PMCID: PMC6287190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from well-known functions of bile acids in digestion and solubilization of lipophilic nutrients and drugs in the small intestine, the emerging evidence from the past two decades identified the role of bile acids as signaling, endocrine molecules that regulate the glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism through complex and intertwined pathways that are largely mediated by activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and cell surface G protein-coupled receptor 1, TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1). Interactions of bile acids with the gut microbiota that result in the altered composition of circulating and intestinal bile acids pool, gut microbiota composition and modified signaling pathways, are further extending the complexity of biological functions of these steroid derivatives. Thus, bile acids signaling pathways have become attractive targets for the treatment of various metabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome opening the new potential avenue in their treatment. In addition, there is a significant effort to unveil some specific properties of bile acids relevant to their intrinsic potency and selectivity for particular receptors and to design novel modulators of these receptors with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This resulted in synthesis of few semi-synthetic bile acids derivatives such as 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (obeticholic acid, OCA), norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA), and 12-monoketocholic acid (12-MKC) that are proven to have positive effect in metabolic and hepato-biliary disorders. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge related to bile acids implications in glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, as well as a potential application of bile acids in metabolic syndrome treatment with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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