1
|
Liu C, Görlich D, Lowell CA, Italiano JE, Rossaint J, Bender M, Zarbock A, Margraf A. Thrombopoietin levels in sepsis and septic shock - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:999-1010. [PMID: 38037809 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a life-threatening condition implicating an inadequate activation of the immune system. Platelets act as modulators and contributors to immune processes. Indeed, altered platelet turnover, thrombotic events, and changes in thrombopoietin levels in systemic inflammation have been reported, but thrombopoietin-levels in sepsis and septic-shock have not yet been systematically evaluated. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of thrombopoietin (TPO)-levels in patients with sepsis. METHODS Two independent reviewers screened records and full-text articles for inclusion. Scientific databases were searched for studies examining thrombopoietin levels in adult sepsis and septic-shock patients until August 1st 2022. RESULTS Of 95 items screened, six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 598 subjects. Both sepsis and severe sepsis were associated with increased levels of thrombopoietin (sepsis vs. control: standardized mean difference 3.06, 95 % CI 1.35-4.77; Z=3.50, p=0.0005) (sepsis vs. severe sepsis: standardized mean difference -1.67, 95 % CI -2.46 to -0.88; Z=4.14, p<0.0001). TPO-levels did not show significant differences between severe sepsis and septic shock patients but differed between sepsis and inflammation-associated non-septic controls. Overall, high heterogeneity and low sample size could be noted. CONCLUSIONS Concluding, increased levels of thrombopoietin appear to be present both in sepsis and severe sepsis with high heterogeneity but thrombopoietin does not allow to differentiate between severe sepsis and septic-shock. TPO may potentially serve to differentiate sepsis from non-septic trauma and/or tissue damage related (systemic) inflammation. Usage of different assays and high heterogeneity demand standardization of methods and further large multicenter trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine - Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao FF, Chen DQ, Jiang YT, Han CF, Lin BY, Yang Z, Quan JH, Xiong YH, Chen XT. Functional roles of circular RNAs in lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1354806. [PMID: 38601461 PMCID: PMC11004487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1354806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung injury leads to respiratory dysfunction, low quality of life, and even life-threatening conditions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNAs produced by selective RNA splicing. Studies have reported their involvement in the progression of lung injury. Understanding the roles of circRNAs in lung injury may aid in elucidating the underlying mechanisms and provide new therapeutic targets. Thus, in this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the characteristics and biological functions of circRNAs, and their roles in lung injury from existing research, to provide a theoretical basis for the use of circRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Gao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian-Qing Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue-Tong Jiang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui-Fei Han
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Bi-Yun Lin
- Biotissue Repository, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Biotissue Repository, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan-Hua Quan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Huan Xiong
- Biotissue Repository, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Tian Chen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Yao G, Huang C, Shen Q, Miao J, Jia L. Biparatopic Nanobody-Based Immunosorbent for the Highly Selective Elimination of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1788-1795. [PMID: 38364210 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Removing the overexpressed TNF-α by hemoperfusion positively affects clinical treatments for diseases such as autoimmune disease and sepsis. However, clearance ratios of adsorbents targeting TNF-α were limited by the extremely low concentration of TNF-α (mostly <1000 ng/L in sepsis) and hydrophobic interactions. In this work, biparatopic nanobodies (NbC21) with a high affinity of 19.9 pM, which bind to two distinct sites of TNF-α, were constructed as high-affinity ligands for the immunosorbent. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity estimated from the Langmuir isotherm was up to 18.22 mg/g gel. The prepared immunosorbent (NbC21-sorbent) had an outstanding TNF-α clearance ratio of approximately 96% during the dynamic adsorption test, with a sorbent-to-serum ratio of 1:1000. Additionally, it demonstrated favorable hemocompatibility and a prolonged storage capability. The results indicated that the biparatopic nanobody immunosorbent exhibited significant potential for clinical applications as it met the stringent criteria for both efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangshuai Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Chundong Huang
- Kangyuan Biomedical Tech. (Dalian) Co., Ltd., Building 9, No. 57, Xinda Street, Dalian High-tech Zone, Dalian 116085, Liaoning, China
| | - Qidong Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Miao
- The Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang W, Chai C, Lu J. The causal effects of circulating cytokines on sepsis: a Mendelian randomization study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16860. [PMID: 38313013 PMCID: PMC10838533 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In observational studies, sepsis and circulating levels of cytokines have been associated with unclear causality. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the causal direction between circulating cytokines and sepsis in a two-sample study. Methods An MR analysis was performed to estimate the causal effect of 41 cytokines on sepsis risk. The inverse-variance weighted random-effects method, the weighted median-based method, and MR-Egger were used to analyze the data. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using MR-Egger regression and Cochran's Q statistic. Results Genetically predicted beta-nerve growth factor (OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.037-1.211], P = 0.004) increased the risk of sepsis, while RANTES (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.849-0.997], P = 0.041) and fibroblast growth factor (OR = 0.869, 95% CI [0.766-0.986], P = 0.029) reduced the risk of sepsis. These findings were robust in extensive sensitivity analyses. There was no clear association between the other cytokines and sepsis risk. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that beta-nerve growth factor, RANTES, and fibroblast growth factor contribute to sepsis risk. Investigations into potential mechanisms are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Fang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khana TQ, Anwar KA. Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Patients with Sepsis of Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3963-3976. [PMID: 37670930 PMCID: PMC10476660 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s415200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a highly mixed ailment that affects patients with numerous conditions of infectious sources and can lead to multi-organ failure with dysregulated host immune response. Objective To determine inflammatory biomarkers in patients with sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria and compare their role in the early detection of sepsis. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit at different hospitals in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from May to December 2021. Patients (n=147) were enrolled in this study according to the primary diagnosis of sepsis by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Blood samples were taken from patients to investigate white blood cells, inflammatory biomarkers (pentraxin-3, procalcitonin, adrenomedullin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, interleukin-17A, lactate dehydrogenase, and C-creative protein), blood culture, antibiotic susceptibility test, and coagulation biomarkers (Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio). Then, isolated Gram-negative bacteria were tested for extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes production by screening and combined disc tests. Results A total of 51.7% samples were blood culture positive for different Gram-negative bacteria, and P. aeruginosa (51.95%) was a more isolated bacterium. Both males and females were affected by sepsis in a ratio of 1.23:1 with different age groups. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase was estimated to be 77.2% by antibiotic profile, and the rate decreased using two double-disc synergy tests. This was confirmed by combined disc test at a rate of 41.35%. The most prevalent biomarkers were procalcitonin (88.16%), adrenomedullin (84.21%), pentraxin-3 (22.37%), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (11.84%). Conclusion Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that can be diagnosed early by several blood biomarkers such as procalcitonin, adrenomedullin, and pentraxin-3 combined with a standard blood culture technique to improve the patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thikra Qader Khana
- Microbiology Department, Shar Teaching Hospital, Sulaimaniyah Directorate of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bi CF, Liu J, Hao SW, Xu ZX, Ma X, Kang XF, Yang LS, Zhang JF. Xuebijing injection protects against sepsis induced myocardial injury by regulating apoptosis and autophagy via mediation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204740. [PMID: 37219401 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis and autophagy are significant factors of sepsis induced myocardial injury (SIMI). XBJ improves SIMI by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Present study is devised to explore the protective mechanism of XBJ in continuous treatment of SIMI caused by CLP. METHODS Rat survival was first recorded within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and XBJ group. The animals in each group were divided into 12 h group, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 5 d according to the administration time of 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial injury markers and H&E staining were used to detect cardiac function and injury. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were measured using ELISA kits. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was assayed by TUNEL staining. Apoptosis and autophagy related proteins regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were tested using western blot. RESULTS XBJ increased the survival rate in CLP-induced septic Rat. First of all, the results of echocardiography, H&E staining and myocardial injury markers (cTnI, CK, and LDH levels) showed that XBJ could effectively improve the myocardial injury caused by CLP with the increase of treatment time. Moreover, XBJ significantly decreased the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in SIMI rats. Meanwhile, XBJ downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Cleaved-Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 9, Cytochrome C and Cleaved-PARP, while upregulated the protein levels of Bcl-2 in SIMI rats. And, XBJ upregulated the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in SIMI rats, whereas downregulated the expression of P62. Finally, XBJ administration downregulated the phosphorylation levels of proteins PI3K, AKT and mTOR in SIMI rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that XBJ has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, and it was speculated that it might be through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via, at least partially, activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the early stage of sepsis, as well as promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the late stage of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fei Bi
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Shao-Wen Hao
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-Xia Xu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Kang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Li-Shan Yang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xuebijing Administration Alleviates Pulmonary Endothelial Inflammation and Coagulation Dysregulation in the Early Phase of Sepsis in Rats. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226696. [PMID: 36431172 PMCID: PMC9694218 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuebijing injection is a Chinese herbal-derived drug composed of radix paeoniaerubra, rhizomachuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, floscarthami, and Angelica sinensis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Xuebijing administration on pulmonary endothelial injury and coagulation dysfunction in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CLP-induced sepsis rat model was established. The CLP rats were treated with a vehicle or Xuebijing via intravenous infusion and sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 h after CLP for lung tissue and blood sample collection. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored. Transmission microscopy examination and H&E staining were performed to observe pulmonary structural alterations. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the plasma levels of epithelial markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and coagulation-related proteins. RESULTS Compared with vehicle treatment, Xuebijing administration maintained the MAP in the normal range until 11 h after CLP. Transmission microscopy and H&E staining revealed that Xuebijing administration alleviated alveolar-capillary barrier impairments and lung inflammation in CLP rats. ELISA showed that Xuebijing administration effectively reversed CLP-induced elevations in the plasma levels of epithelial markers endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor, starting 6 and 8 h after CLP, respectively. Xuebijing administration also significantly abolished CLP-induced rises in circulating proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) at 6 h after CLP, IL-1β at 2 and 12 h after CLP, and TNF-α at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after CLP. In addition, Xuebijing administration strongly reversed CLP-induced alterations in circulating active protein C and tissue-type plasminogen activator, starting 4 h and 2 h after CLP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Xuebijing ameliorates pulmonary endothelial injury, systemic inflammation, and coagulation dysfunction in early sepsis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang WY, Ren J, Zhang XH, Lu ZL, Feng HJ, Yao XL, Li DH, Xiong R, Fan T, Geng Q. CircC3P1 attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis in acute lung injury induced by sepsis through modulating miR-21. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11221-11229. [PMID: 32846020 PMCID: PMC7576301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is characterized by an inflammatory process related to the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the present study, we explored the role of circC3P1 in sepsis‐induced ALI in vitro and in vivo. The caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis model was established through CLP surgery. Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into sham, CLP, CLP + vector and CLP + circC3P1 (each n = 10). Primary murine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) were transfected with circC3P1 or empty vector 24 hours prior to LPS treatment via Lipofectamine 2000. The expressions of circC3P1, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1β were evaluated after 6‐h LPS treatment. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The CLP group demonstrated pulmonary morphological abnormalities, increased concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the lung tissue, compared with the sham group. MPVECs treated with LPS significantly elevated TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels and increased cell apoptosis than that in the control group. The circC3P1 overexpression in sepsis‐induced ALI mice attenuated pulmonary injury, inflammation and apoptosis. Besides, circC3P1 revealed anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effect in MPVEC‐treated LPS. CircC3P1 overexpression reduced cell apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels via down‐regulating miR‐21. CircC3P1 attenuated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis in ALI induced by sepsis through modulating miR‐21, indicating that circC3P1 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for sepsis‐induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Jie Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Hang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Biomarkers of inflammation and the etiology of sepsis. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1-14. [PMID: 32049312 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized as a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The main etiological causes of sepsis are bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Last decades clinical and preclinical research contributed to a better understanding of pathophysiology of sepsis. The dysregulated host response in sepsis is complex, with both pathogen-related factors contributing to disease, as well as immune-cell mediated inflammatory responses that can lead to adverse outcomes in early or advanced stages of disease. Due to its heterogenous nature, clinical diagnosis remains challenging and sepsis-specific treatment options are still lacking. Classification and early identification of patient subgroups may aid clinical decisions and improve outcome in sepsis patients. The initial clinical presentation is rather similar in sepsis of different etiologies, however, inflammatory profiles may be able to distinguish between different etiologies of infections. In this review, we summarize the role and the discriminating potency of host-derived inflammatory biomarkers in the context of the main etiological types of sepsis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Keeler DM, Grandal MK, McCall JR. Brevenal, a Marine Natural Product, is Anti-Inflammatory and an Immunomodulator of Macrophage and Lung Epithelial Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030184. [PMID: 30897777 PMCID: PMC6470468 DOI: 10.3390/md17030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and asthma, are some of the leading causes of illness and fatalities worldwide. The search for novel treatments led to the exploration of marine natural products as drug candidates to combat the debilitating effects of mucus accumulation and chronic inflammation. Previous research showed that an alga-derived compound, brevenal, could attenuate the effects of inflammatory agents, but the mechanisms by which it exerted its effects remained unclear. We investigated the effects of brevenal on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine/chemokine production from murine macrophages and human lung epithelial cells. It was found that brevenal reduces proinflammatory mediator secretion while preserving anti-inflammatory secretion from these cells. Furthermore, we found that brevenal does not alter cell surface Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, thereby maintaining the cells' ability to respond to bacterial infection. However, brevenal does alter macrophage activation states, as demonstrated by reduced expression of both M1 and M2 phenotype markers, indicating this putative anti-inflammatory drug shifts innate immune cells to a less active state. Such a mechanism of action would be ideal for reducing inflammation in the lung, especially with patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, where inflammation can be lethal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon M Keeler
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| | - Meghan K Grandal
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| | - Jennifer R McCall
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|