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Wang P, Xue Y, Zuo Y, Xue Y, Zhang JH, Duan J, Liu F, Liu A. Exosome-Encapsulated microRNA-140-5p Alleviates Neuronal Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Regulating IGFBP5-Mediated PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7212-7228. [PMID: 36129637 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has highlighted the therapeutic implication of exosomes (Exos) released by adipose tissue-originated stromal cells (ADSCs) in regenerative medicine. Herein, the current study sought to examine the potential protective effects of ADSC-Exos on neuronal injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by delivering miR-140-5p. Firstly, isolated primary neurons were co-cultured together with well-identified ADSC-Exos. TDP-43-treated neurons were subsequently treated with PKH67-ADSC-Exos and Cy3-miR-140-5p to assess whether ADSC-Exos could transmit miR-140-5p to the recipient neurons to affect their behaviors. Moreover, a luciferase assay was carried out to identify the presumable binding of miR-140-5p to IGFBP5. IGFBP5 rescue experimentation was also performed to testify whether IGFBP5 conferred the impact of miR-140-5p on neuronal damage. The role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was further analyzed with the application of its inhibitor miltefosine. Lastly, SAH rat models were developed for in vivo validation. It was found that ADSC-Exos conferred protection against TDP-43-caused neuronal injury by augmenting viability and suppressing cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-140-5p was transmitted from ADSC-Exos to neurons and post-transcriptionally downregulated the expression of IGFBP5. As a result, by means of suppressing IGFBP5 and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, miR-140-5p from ADSC-Exos induced a neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, in vivo findings substantiated the aforementioned protective role of ADSC-Exos-miR-140-5p, contributing to protection against SAH-caused neurological dysfunction. Collectively, our findings indicated that ADSC-Exos-miR-140-5p could inhibit TDP-43-induced neuronal injury and attenuate neurological dysfunction of SAH rats by inhibiting IGFBP5 and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Xue
- Biological Science, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiajia Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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Luo K, Wang Z, Zhuang K, Yuan S, Liu F, Liu A. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid suppresses axonal damage and neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage via the HDAC1/HSP70/TDP-43 axis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1423-1433. [PMID: 35501375 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased focus has been placed on the role of histone deacetylase inhibitors as crucial players in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) progression. Therefore, this study was designed to expand the understanding of SAH by exploring the downstream mechanism of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in SAH. The expression of TDP-43 in patients with SAH and rat models of SAH was measured. Then, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscope were used to investigate the in vitro effect of TDP-43 on a neuronal cell model of SAH established by oxyhemoglobin treatment. Immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation assays were conducted to explore the relationship among histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and TDP-43. Furthermore, the in vivo effect of HDAC1 on SAH was investigated in rat models of SAH established by endovascular perforation. High expression of TDP-43 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with SAH and brain tissues of rat models of SAH was observed, and TDP-43 accumulation in the cytoplasm and the formation of inclusion bodies were responsible for axonal damage, abnormal nuclear membrane morphology, and apoptosis in neurons. TDP-43 degradation was promoted by the HDAC1 inhibitor SAHA via the acetylation of HSP70, alleviating SAH, and this effect was verified in vivo in rat models. In conclusion, SAHA relieved axonal damage and neurological dysfunction after SAH via the HSP70 acetylation-induced degradation of TDP-43, highlighting a novel therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, 410000, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China. .,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China.
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Stress Granules and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Beyond mRNA Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073747. [PMID: 35409112 PMCID: PMC8998762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Following an ischemic insult, cells undergo endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which increases the ER’s protein-folding and degradative capacities and blocks the global synthesis of proteins by phosphorylating the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is directly related to the dynamics of stress granules (SGs), which are membraneless organelles composed of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA. SGs play a critical role in mRNA metabolism and translational control. Other translation factors are also linked to cellular pathways, including SG dynamics following a stroke. Because the formation of SGs is closely connected to mRNA translation, it is interesting to study the relationship between SG dynamics and cellular outcome in cases of ischemic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of SG dynamics during cerebral ischemia.
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Laudanski K, Hajj J, Restrepo M, Siddiq K, Okeke T, Rader DJ. Dynamic Changes in Central and Peripheral Neuro-Injury vs. Neuroprotective Serum Markers in COVID-19 Are Modulated by Different Types of Anti-Viral Treatments but Do Not Affect the Incidence of Late and Early Strokes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1791. [PMID: 34944606 PMCID: PMC8698659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and COVID-19-directed therapy may underly the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2's neurological outcomes. A total of 105 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 had serum collected over a 6 month period to assess neuroinflammatory (MIF, CCL23, MCP-1), neuro-injury (NFL, NCAM-1), neurodegenerative (KLK6, τ, phospho τ, amyloids, TDP43, YKL40), and neuroprotective (clusterin, fetuin, TREM-2) proteins. These were compared to markers of nonspecific inflammatory responses (IL-6, D-dimer, CRP) and of the overall viral burden (spike protein). Data regarding treatment (steroids, convalescent plasma, remdasavir), pre-existing conditions, and incidences of strokes were collected. Amyloid β42, TDP43, NF-L, and KLK6 serum levels declined 2-3 days post-admission, yet recovered to admission baseline levels by 7 days. YKL-40 and NCAM-1 levels remained elevated over time, with clusters of differential responses identified among TREM-2, TDP43, and YKL40. Fetuin was elevated after the onset of COVID-19 while TREM-2 initially declined before significantly increasing over time. MIF serum level was increased 3-7 days after admission. Ferritin correlated with TDP-43 and KLK6. No treatment with remdesivir coincided with elevations in Amyloid-β40. A lack of convalescent plasma resulted in increased NCAM-1 and total tau, and steroidal treatments did not significantly affect any markers. A total of 11 incidences of stroke were registered up to six months after initial admission for COVID-19. Elevated D-dimer, platelet counts, IL-6, and leukopenia were observed. Variable MIF serum levels differentiated patients with CVA from those who did not have a stroke during the acute phase of COVID-19. This study demonstrated concomitant and opposite changes in neurodegenerative and neuroprotective markers persisting well into recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA 19013, USA;
| | - Mariana Restrepo
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Kumal Siddiq
- College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Tony Okeke
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Bright F, Chan G, van Hummel A, Ittner LM, Ke YD. TDP-43 and Inflammation: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157781. [PMID: 34360544 PMCID: PMC8346169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal mislocalisation and ubiquitinated protein aggregation of the TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) within the cytoplasm of neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS) is a pathological hallmark of early-onset neurodegenerative disorders amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The pathomechanisms underlying abnormal mislocalisation and aggregation of TDP-43 remain unknown. However, there is a growing body of evidence implicating neuroinflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Importantly, most of the evidence for an active role of immunity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ALS and FTD relates specifically to TDP-43, posing the question as to whether immune-mediated mechanisms could hold the key to understanding TDP-43’s underlying role in neurodegeneration in both diseases. Therefore, this review aims to piece together key lines of evidence for the specific association of TDP-43 with key immune and inflammatory pathways to explore the nature of this relationship and the implications for potential pathomechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD.
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Umahara T, Uchihara T, Hirao K, Shimizu S, Hanyu H. Phosphorylated TDP-43 localizes to chronic cerebral infarctions in human brains. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1023-1028. [PMID: 32557523 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein pivotal in RNA processing. Because phosphorylated TDP43 (pTDP-43) has been identified as a component of the ubiquitin-positive and tau-negative inclusions observed in the brains of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, it is considered to play a major role in neurodegenerative processes. We previously reported that pTDP-43 is located in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid and major cerebral arteries. We hence hypothesized that pTDP-43 might be localized in the macrophages of other human brain lesions. Therefore, we investigated the immunolocalization of pTDP-43 in human brains with chronic cerebral infarction. Furthermore, we investigated the colocalization of pTDP-43 and the 14-3-3 eta isoform and found that pTDP-43 was localized in many macrophages located in chronic cerebral infarctions, in 6 out of the 15 human brains analyzed. pTDP-43 colocalized with the 14-3-3 eta isoform in these lesions. This is the first demonstration of pTDP-43 immunolocalization in chronic cerebral infarctions in human brains. We believe that our findings may be useful towards further understanding the pathophysiological roles of TDP-43 in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Umahara
- Department of Neurology, Mizuno Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital, Nisharai, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe-Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shimizu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Hanyu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide promotes neovascularization and neurological recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:24. [PMID: 32471341 PMCID: PMC7257157 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral stroke occurs following ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in the brain. Survival and recovery of stroke patients depend on the severity of the initial injury but also the therapeutic approaches applied for emergent lifesaving and continuing post-stroke management. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP), an active compound derived from Chinese celery seeds, has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of ischemic cerebral stroke. Results In the present study we explored the therapeutic effect of NBP in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), focusing on its potential role in promoting neovascularization in the perihemorrhagic zone. ICH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral injection of autologous blood into the globus pallidus, with sham-operated (Sham group), vehicle-treated (ICH) and NBP-treated (at 10 and 25 mg/kg/Bid, p.o., ICH + NBP10 and ICH + NBP25, respectively) groups examined behaviorally, macroscopically, histologically and biochemically at 1, 3, 7 and 15 days (d) post operation. Rats in the ICH + NBP10 and ICH + NBP25 groups showed reduced Longa’s motor scores relative to the ICH groups at the 3 and 7d time points, while the hematoma volume was comparable in the two NBP relative to the ICH groups as measured at 7d and 15d. In the perihemorrhagic zone, the numeric density of blood vessels immunolabeled by CD34, an angiogenic marker, was greater in the ICH + NBP10 and ICH + NBP25 than ICH groups, more so in the higher dosage group, at 1, 3, 7 and 15d. Levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins-2 (Ang-2) proteins were elevated in the NBP groups relative to the sham and vehicle controls in immunoblotting of tissue lysates from the injection region. Conclusion These results suggest that NBP can alleviate neurological defects following experimentally induced local brain hemorrhage, which is associated with a potential role of this drug in promoting neovascularization surrounding the bleeding loci.
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