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Ao L, Chen Z, Yin J, Leng Y, Luo Y, Fu X, Liu H, Liu X, Gao H, Xie C. Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients for diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290023. [PMID: 38027018 PMCID: PMC10661377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is often associated with clinical manifestations such as arrhythmias and heart failure, and significantly reduces the quality of life and years of survival of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the removal of unfolded and misfolded proteins and is an important mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ERS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DCM by causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, insulin resistance, calcium imbalance, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Targeting ERS is a new direction in the treatment of DCM. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients can significantly improve the clinical outcome of DCM patients through intervention in ERS and effects on myocardial structure and function, which has become one of the hot research directions. Purpose: The aim of this review is to elucidate and summarize the roles and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients that have the potential to modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby contributing to better management of DCM. Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were used to search, analyze, and collect literature, in order to review the mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit the progression of DCM by targeting the ERS and its key signaling pathways. Keywords used included "diabetic cardiomyopathy" and "endoplasmic reticulum stress." Results: This review found that Chinese herbs and their active ingredients can regulate ERS through IRE1, ATF6, and PERK pathways to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ameliorate myocardial fibrosis, and attenuate myocardial hypertrophy for the treatment of DCM. Conclusion: A comprehensive source of information on potential ERS inhibitors is provided in this review. The analysis of the literature suggests that Chinese herbal medicine and its active ingredients can be used as potential drug candidates for the treatment of DCM. In short, we cannot ignore the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating ERS and treating DCM, and look forward to more research and new drugs to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Ao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiacheng Yin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulin Leng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wu S, Lu D, Gajendran B, Hu Q, Zhang J, Wang S, Han M, Xu Y, Shen X. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes via SIRT1. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3543-3558. [PMID: 37128721 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication in patients with diabetes, and ultimately leads to heart failure. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by abnormal glycolipid metabolism is a critical factor that affects the occurrence and development of DCM. Additionally, the upregulation/activation of silent information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) has been shown to protect against DCM. Tanshinone II A (Tan IIA), the main active component of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome (a valuable Chinese medicine), has protective effects against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, its role and mechanisms in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction remain unclear. Therefore, we explored whether Tan IIA alleviates ERS-mediated DCM via SIRT1 and elucidated the underlying mechanism. The results suggested that Tan IIA alleviated the pathological changes in the hearts of diabetic mice, ameliorated the cytopathological morphology of cardiomyocytes, reduced the cell death rate, and inhibited the expression of ERS-related proteins and mRNA. The SIRT1 agonist inhibited the activities of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Furthermore, the opposite results under the SIRT1 inhibitor. SIRT1 knockdown was induced by siRNA-SIRT1 transfection, and the degree of GRP78 acetylation was increased. Cumulatively, Tan IIA ameliorated DCM by inhibiting ERS and upregulating SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dingchun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Babu Gajendran
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qilan Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengquan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Minzhen Han
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yini Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Eldesoqui M, Eldken ZH, Mostafa SA, Al-Serwi RH, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbiny N, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Sakr NH. Exercise Augments the Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Experimentally Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Possible Underlying Mechanisms. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070635. [PMID: 35888760 PMCID: PMC9315877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent cardiovascular problems linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is associated with myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, suppressed autophagy, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. The current study aims to investigate the protective effect of sodium-glucose transport 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin and/or exercise on DCM. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats are used. T2DM is induced by a 6-week high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats are divided into five groups, control, diabetic (DM), DM + swimming, DM + dapagliflozin, and DM + dapagliflozin and swimming. Serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and cardiac enzymes (CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are measured. Heart specimens are used for evaluation of cellular oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), as well as mRNA expression of TGF-β, MMP9, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Stained sections with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson trichrome are used for histopathological evaluation and detection of fibrosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for apoptosis (caspase-3), and autophagy (LC3) are also carried out. The combinations of SGLT2i and exercise exhibited the most significant cardioprotective effect. It improved diabetic-induced histopathological alterations in the myocardium and attenuated the elevation of serum blood glucose, CK-MB, LDH, myocardial MDA, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, MMP9, and the immune expression of caspase-3. Moreover, this combination increased the serum insulin, myocardial antioxidants GSH and CAT, and increase the immune expression of the LC-3. In conclusion, a combination of SGLT2i and exercise exerted a better antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effect in DCM. Moreover, the combination enhances the autophagic capacity of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Zienab Helmy Eldken
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Sally Abdallah Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noha Hammad Sakr
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33511, Egypt;
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Zheng Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Zhang J, Chang D, Liu W, Zhu M, Zhuang S, Shi H, Wang X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Lin Y, Nan L, Sun Y, Min L, Liu J, Chen J, Zhang J, Huang M. Effect of Tanshinone IIA on Gut Microbiome in Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890444. [PMID: 35899118 PMCID: PMC9309808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cognitive impairment (DCI) presents a major public health risk among the aging population. Previous clinical attempts on known therapeutic targets for DCI, such as depleted insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and hyperglycaemia have delivered poor patient outcomes. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays an important role in DCI by modulating cognitive function through the gut–brain crosstalk. The bioactive compound tanshinone IIA (TAN) has shown to improve cognitive and memory function in diabetes mellitus models, though the pharmacological actions are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of TAN in attenuating DCI in relation to regulating the gut microbiome. Metagenomic sequencing analyses were performed on a group of control rats, rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat/high-glucose diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) (model group) and TAN-treated diabetic rats (TAN group). Cognitive and memory function were assessed by the Morris water maze test, histopathological assessment of brain tissues, and immunoblotting of neurological biomarkers. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was monitored throughout the experiments. The levels of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays to reflect the circulatory inflammation level. The morphology of the colon barrier was observed by histopathological staining. Our study confirmed that TAN reduced the FBG level and improved the cognitive and memory function against HFD- and STZ-induced diabetes. TAN protected the endothelial tight junction in the hippocampus and colon, regulated neuronal biomarkers, and lowered the serum levels of LPS and TNF-α. TAN corrected the reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes in diabetic rats. At the species level, TAN regulated the abundance of B. dorei, Lachnoclostridium sp. YL32 and Clostridiodes difficile. TAN modulated the lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids in related pathways as the main functional components. TAN significantly restored the reduced levels of isobutyric acid and butyric acid. Our results supported the use of TAN as a promising therapeutic agent for DCI, in which the underlying mechanism may be associated with gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenxiang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - MingXing Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Hong Shi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Zaixing Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Nan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Min
- College of Traditional Chinese, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyu Chen, ; Jieping Zhang, ; Mingqing Huang,
| | - Jieping Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyu Chen, ; Jieping Zhang, ; Mingqing Huang,
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyu Chen, ; Jieping Zhang, ; Mingqing Huang,
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Peng M, Liu H, Ji Q, Ma P, Niu Y, Ning S, Sun H, Pang X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Hao G. Fufang Xueshuantong Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3919161. [PMID: 36237833 PMCID: PMC9553353 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3919161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main complications of diabetic patients and the major reason for the high prevalence of heart failure in diabetic patients. Fufang Xueshuantong (FXST) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula commonly used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and stable angina pectoris. However, the role of FXST in DCM has not yet been clarified. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of FXST on diabetic myocardial lesions and reveal its molecular mechanism. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). DM rats were given saline or FXST. The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal amount of sodium citrate buffer and gavaged with saline. After 12 weeks, echocardiography, heart weight index (HWI), and myocardial pathological changes were determined. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), collagen I, and collagen III was examined using immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by western blot and real-time PCR. The results showed that FXST significantly improved cardiac function, ameliorated histopathological changes, and decreased HWI in the DM rats. FXST significantly inhibited the expression of myocardial TGF-β1, collagen I, and collagen III in DM rats. Furthermore, FXST significantly inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, FXST has a protective effect on DCM, which might be mediated by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhong Peng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqiu Ning
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaimei Hao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
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6
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Li X, Shi S, Jing D, Li X, Zhang B, Bie Q. Signal transduction mechanism of exosomes in diabetic complications (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:155. [PMID: 35069836 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dehuai Jing
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy and 4Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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7
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Parker AM, Tate M, Prakoso D, Deo M, Willis AM, Nash DM, Donner DG, Crawford S, Kiriazis H, Granata C, Coughlan MT, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Characterisation of the Myocardial Mitochondria Structural and Functional Phenotype in a Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672252. [PMID: 34539423 PMCID: PMC8442993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People affected by diabetes are at an increased risk of developing heart failure than their non-diabetic counterparts, attributed in part to a distinct cardiac pathology termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a range of diabetic complications and are a common feature of the diabetic heart. In this study, we sought to characterise impairments in mitochondrial structure and function in a recently described experimental mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male FVB/N mice by the combination of three consecutive-daily injections of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, each 55 mg/kg i.p.) and high-fat diet (42% fat from lipids) for 26 weeks. At study end, diabetic mice exhibited elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance, together with increases in both body weight gain and fat mass, replicating several aspects of human type 2 diabetes. The myocardial phenotype of diabetic mice included increased myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Elevated LV superoxide levels were also evident. Diabetic mice exhibited a spectrum of LV mitochondrial changes, including decreased mitochondria area, increased levels of mitochondrial complex-III and complex-V protein abundance, and reduced complex-II oxygen consumption. In conclusion, these data suggest that the low-dose STZ-high fat experimental model replicates some of the mitochondrial changes seen in diabetes, and as such, this model may be useful to study treatments that target the mitochondria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Parker
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Puzyrenko A, Jacobs ER, Sun Y, Felix JC, Sheinin Y, Ge L, Lai S, Dai Q, Gantner BN, Nanchal R, North PE, Simpson PM, Rui H, Benjamin IJ. Pneumocytes are distinguished by highly elevated expression of the ER stress biomarker GRP78, a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in COVID-19 autopsies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:859-868. [PMID: 34382151 PMCID: PMC8357488 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are widely credited with reducing death rates from COVID-19, but the underlying host-viral mechanisms/interactions for morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) describes the severe lung injury, which is pathologically associated with alveolar damage, inflammation, non-cardiogenic edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Because proteostatic pathways play central roles in cellular protection, immune modulation, protein degradation, and tissue repair, we examined the pathological features for the unfolded protein response (UPR) using the surrogate biomarker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2. At autopsy, immunostaining of COVID-19 lungs showed highly elevated expression of GRP78 in both pneumocytes and macrophages compared with that of non-COVID control lungs. GRP78 expression was detected in both SARS-CoV-2-infected and un-infected pneumocytes as determined by multiplexed immunostaining for nucleocapsid protein. In macrophages, immunohistochemical staining for GRP78 from deceased COVID-19 patients was increased but overlapped with GRP78 expression taken from surgical resections of non-COVID-19 controls. In contrast, the robust in situ GRP78 immunostaining of pneumocytes from COVID-19 autopsies exhibited no overlap and was independent of age, race/ethnicity, and gender compared with that from non-COVID-19 controls. Our findings bring new insights for stress-response pathways involving the proteostatic network implicated for host resilience and suggest that targeting of GRP78 expression with existing therapeutics might afford an alternative therapeutic strategy to modulate host-viral interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Puzyrenko
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Juan C Felix
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Linna Ge
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Rahul Nanchal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paula E North
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Bioactive Components of Salvia and Their Potential Antidiabetic Properties: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103042. [PMID: 34065175 PMCID: PMC8161164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of therapeutic plants is expanding around the globe, coupled with the tremendous expansion of alternative medicine and growing demand in health treatment. Plants are applied in pharmaceuticals to preserve and expand health—physically, mentally and as well as to treat particular health conditions and afflictions. There are more than 600 families of plants identified so far. Among the plants that are often studied for their health benefit include the genus of Salvia in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This review aims to determine the bioactive components of Salvia and their potential as antidiabetic agents. The search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus), and all relevant articles that are freely available in the English language were extracted within 10 years (2011–2021). Salvia spp. comprises many biologically active components that can be divided into monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic components, but only a few of these have been studied in-depth for their health benefit claims. The most commonly studied bioactive component was salvianolic acids. Interestingly, S. miltiorrhiza is undoubtedly the most widely studied Salvia species in terms of its effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. In conclusion, we hope that this review stimulates more studies on bioactive components from medicinal plants, not only on their potential as antidiabetic agents but also for other possible health benefits.
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Chen D, Zhang M. GAS5 regulates diabetic cardiomyopathy via miR‑221‑3p/p27 axis‑associated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:135. [PMID: 33313941 PMCID: PMC7751493 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the primary complications of the cardiovascular system due to diabetes‑induced metabolic injury. The present study investigated the autophagy‑associated regulatory mechanisms of long non‑coding RNAs in cardiac pathological changes in diabetes mellitus (DM). Streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats were intramyocardially injected and high concentration glucose (HG)‑processed H9C2 cells were infected with growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5)‑loaded AAV‑9 adenovirus. HG‑processed H9C2 cells also underwent transfection with small interfering RNA‑p27. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining evaluated myocardial histological changes. Quantitative PCR detected the expression levels of GAS5, fibrosis markers (collagen I, collagen III, TGF‑β and connective tissue growth factor) and microRNA (miR)‑221‑3p. Western blotting determined the expression levels of autophagy‑associated proteins [microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) I, LC3B II and p62] and p27. Targetscan7.2 was used to predict binding sites between miR‑221‑3 and p27. Dual luciferase reporter assayed the effect of miR‑221‑3p on luciferase activity of GAS5 and p27. GAS5 downregulated high blood glucose concentrations in STZ‑induced diabetic rats, however its expression levels decreased in both HG‑processed H9C2 cells and the myocardium of DM model rats. GAS5 attenuated the histological abnormalities and reversed the decreased LC3B II and increased p62 expression levels of DM model rats. miR‑221‑3p mimic suppressed the activity of both GAS5‑wild‑type (WT) and p27‑WT. miR‑221‑3p expression levels were increased in both HG‑processed H9C2 and diabetic myocardium. p27 expression levels decreased following HG but were upregulated by GAS5. sip27 abolished the effect of GAS5 on DCM. GAS5 promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy in DCM to attenuate myocardial injury via the miR‑221‑3p/p27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Fu L, Han B, Zhou Y, Ren J, Cao W, Patel G, Kai G, Zhang J. The Anticancer Properties of Tanshinones and the Pharmacological Effects of Their Active Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:193. [PMID: 32265690 PMCID: PMC7098175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a common malignant disease worldwide with an increasing mortality in recent years. Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for thousands of years. The liposoluble tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza are important bioactive components and mainly include tanshinone IIA, dihydrodanshinone, tanshinone I, and cryptotanshinone. Previous studies showed that these four tanshinones exhibited distinct inhibitory effects on tumor cells through different molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms mainly include the inhibition of tumor cell growth, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, apoptosis induction, cell autophagy, and antitumor immunity, and so on. In this review, we describe the latest progress on the antitumor functions and mechanisms of these four tanshinones to provide a deeper understanding of the efficacy. In addition, the important role of tumor immunology is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gopal Patel
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Kolpakov MA, Sikder K, Sarkar A, Chaki S, Shukla SK, Guo X, Qi Z, Barbery C, Sabri A, Rafiq K. Inflammatory Serine Proteases Play a Critical Role in the Early Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 53:982-998. [PMID: 31829530 PMCID: PMC6956403 DOI: 10.33594/000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional alterations that can lead to heart failure. Several mechanisms are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, however, the molecular mechanism that links inflammation to DCM is incompletely understood. To learn about this mechanism, we investigated the role of inflammatory serine proteases (ISPs) during the development of DCM. Methods: Eight weeks old mice with deletion of dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), an enzyme involved in the maturation of major ISPs, and wild type (WT) mice controls were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg for 5 days intraperitoneally) and studied after 4, 8, 16, and 20 week after induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Induction of diabetes was followed by echocardiographic measurements, glycemic and hemoglobulin A1c profiling, immunoblot, qPCR, enzyme activity assays, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of DPPI, ISPs, and inflammatory markers. Fibrosis was determined from left ventricular heart by Serius Red staining and qPCR. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and immunoblot analysis. Results: In the diabetic WT mice, DPPI expression increased along with ISP activation, and DPPI accumulated abundantly in the left ventricle mainly from infiltrating neutrophils. In diabetic DPPI-knockout (DPPI-KO) mice, significantly decreased activation of ISPs, myocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, and cardiac function was improved compared to diabetic WT mice. In addition, DPPI-KO mice showed a decrease in overall inflammatory status mediated by diabetes induction which was manifested by decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion: This study elucidates a novel role of ISPs in potentiating the immunological responses that lead to the pathogenesis of DCM in T1DM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that DPPI expression and activation promotes the inflammation that enhances myocyte apoptosis and contributes to the adverse cardiac remodeling that subsequently leads to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Kolpakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kunal Sikder
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shaswati Chaki
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanket K Shukla
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xinji Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhao Qi
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Barbery
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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