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Suzaki A, Komine-Aizawa S, Nishiyama H, Hayakawa S. Massive intravascular hemolysis is an important factor in Clostridium perfringens-induced bacteremia. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1959-1967. [PMID: 35962901 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens bacteremia is rare but often fatal. In particular, once bacteremia with massive intravascular hemolysis (MIH) occurs, the mortality rate is extremely high. However, because of its rarity, the detailed pathophysiology of this fulminant form of bacteremia is unclear. To elucidate the detailed pathogenesis of MIH, we retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients with C. perfringens bacteremia from two university hospitals from 2000 to 2014. The medical records and laboratory data of 60 patients with bacteremia, including 6 patients with MIH and 54 patients without MIH, were analyzed. Patients with MIH had higher rates of intense pain at onset, impaired consciousness, shock at presentation, hematuria, metabolic acidosis, and gas formation than patients without MIH. The antibiotic susceptibility of the clinical isolates was not significantly different between the two groups. All patients with MIH, although treated with appropriate antimicrobial agents, died within 26 h of admission due to rapidly progressive acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the median time from arrival at the hospital to death was only 4 h and 20 min. When clinicians observe intravascular hemolysis in blood samples from patients with characteristic symptoms of MIH, they should prepare for a severe disease outcome. The underlying pathophysiology of fulminant cases must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Suzaki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Greven J, Vollrath JT, Bläsius F, He Z, Bolierakis E, Horst K, Störmann P, Nowak AJ, Simic M, Marzi I, Hildebrand F, Relja B. Club cell protein (CC)16 as potential lung injury marker in a porcine 72 h polytrauma model. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:4719-4726. [PMID: 35596754 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polytrauma and respiratory tract damage after thoracic trauma cause about 25% of mortality among severely injured patients. Thoracic trauma can lead to the development of severe lung complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and is, therefore, of great interest for monitoring in intensive care units (ICU). In recent years, club cell protein (CC)16 with its antioxidant properties has proven to be a potential outcome-related marker. In this study, we evaluated whether CC16 constitutes as a marker of lung damage in a porcine polytrauma model. METHODS In a 72 h ICU polytrauma pig model (thoracic trauma, tibial fracture, hemorrhagic shock, liver laceration), blood plasma samples (0, 3, 9, 24, 48, 72 h), BAL samples (72 h) and lung tissue (72 h) were collected. The trauma group (PT) was compared to a sham group. CC16 as a possible biomarker for lung injury in this model, and IL-8 concentrations as known indicator for ongoing inflammation during trauma were determined by ELISA. Histological analysis of ZO-1 and determination of total protein content were used to show barrier disruption and edema formation in lung tissue from the trauma group. RESULTS Systemic CC16 levels were significantly increased early after polytrauma compared vs. sham. After 72 h, CC16 concentration was significantly increased in lung tissue as well as in BAL in PT vs. sham. Similarly, IL-8 and total protein content in BAL were significantly increased in PT vs. sham. Evaluation of ZO-1 staining showed significantly lower signal intensity for polytrauma. CONCLUSION The data confirm for the first time in a larger animal polytrauma model that lung damage was indicated by systemic and/or local CC16 response. Thus, early plasma and late BAL CC16 levels might be suitable to be used as markers of lung injury in this polytrauma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Greven
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Tilmann Vollrath
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix Bläsius
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhizhen He
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eftychios Bolierakis
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Störmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aleksander J Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marija Simic
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Cai Q, Jin Y, Jia Z, Liu Z. Paraquat Induces Lung Injury via miR-199-Mediated SET in a Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:856441. [PMID: 35431948 PMCID: PMC9011139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.856441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of lung injury caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning by investigating miR-199-mediated SET.Methods: A paraquat poisoning model was established in C57BL/6 male mice via intraperitoneal injection of paraquat. The mice were transfected with miR-199 siRNA and or mimic. After 14 days of treatment, pathophysiological changes of the lung were observed and lung tissue was analyzed via Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The levels of miR-199, SETs, surfactant protein SP-A and SP-B, and inflammatory and oxidative factors were analyzed by qPCR, Western Blot, and ELISA kits.Results: A acute lung-injury (ALI) model was established using PQ treatment and confirmed with edema of pulmonary endothelium with low electronic density of endothelial cytoplasm, presence of protein-rich fluid, and numerous erythrocytes in alveolar space, concentric figures of damaged tubular myelin, alveolar destruction, and increase in inflammatory cell numbers. Compared with the control group, miR-199 and SET levels were reduced in the PQ-treated group. miR-199 siRNA increased the SET level, inflammatory and oxidative levels, and reduced the levels of SP-A and SP-B, and miR-199 mimic reduced the SET level, inflammatory and oxidative levels, and increased the levels of SP-A and SP-B. PQ treatment reduced miR-199 level.Conclusion: Paraquat induces ALI by affecting miR-199-mediated SET.
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Suzaki A, Ohtani K, Komine-Aizawa S, Matsumoto A, Kamiya S, Hayakawa S. Pathogenic Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated From Patients With Massive Intravascular Hemolysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713509. [PMID: 34385995 PMCID: PMC8353389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis caused by Clostridium perfringens infection is rare but often fatal. The most serious complication leading to poor prognosis is massive intravascular hemolysis (MIH). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this fulminant form of hemolysis is unclear. In the present study, we employed 11 clinical strains isolated from patients with C. perfringens septicemia and subdivided these isolates into groups H and NH: septicemia with (n = 5) or without (n = 6) MIH, respectively. To elucidate the major pathogenic factors of MIH, biological features were compared between these groups. The isolates of two groups did not differ in growth rate, virulence-related gene expression, or phospholipase C (CPA) production. Erythrocyte hemolysis was predominantly observed in culture supernatants of the strains in group H, and the human erythrocyte hemolysis rate was significantly correlated with perfringolysin O (PFO) production. Correlations were also found among PFO production, human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity, and production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by human PBMCs. Analysis of proinflammatory cytokines showed that PFO induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 production more strongly than did CPA. PFO exerted potent cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokine induction effects on human blood cells. PFO may be a major virulence factor of sepsis with MIH, and potent proinflammatory cytokine production induced by PFO may influence the rapid progression of this fatal disease caused by C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Suzaki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohtani
- Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Infection, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Saitama, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang B, Tian X, Li G, Zhao H, Wang X, Yin Y, Yu J, Meng C. Methane Inhalation Protects Against Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Regulating Pulmonary Surfactant via the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:615974. [PMID: 34054564 PMCID: PMC8149795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.615974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) exerted protective effects against lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism remains unclear, especially the role of pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of CH4 inhalation on pulmonary surfactant in rat lung I/R injury and to elucidate the mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): the sham, I/R control, and I/R CH4 groups. In the sham group, only thoracotomy was performed on the rats. In the I/R control and I/R CH4 groups, the rats underwent left hilum occlusion for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 180 min and ventilation with O2 or 2.5% CH4, respectively. Compared with those of the sham group, the levels of large surfactant aggregates (LAs) in pulmonary surfactant, lung compliance, oxygenation decreased, the small surfactant aggregates (SAs), inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis increased in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, CH4 increased LA (0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09 mg/kg), oxygenation (201 ± 11 vs. 151 ± 14 mmHg), and lung compliance (16.8 ± 1.0 vs. 11.5 ± 1.3 ml/kg), as well as total antioxidant capacity and Nrf2 protein expression and decreased the inflammatory response and number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CH4 inhalation decreased oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis, and improved lung function through Nrf2-mediated pulmonary surfactant regulation in rat lung I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanwei Yin
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junmin Yu
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Emodin protects against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226403. [PMID: 32915230 PMCID: PMC7517261 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effect of emodin on intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury in rats and explore potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10, each group): normal group; saline group; acute intestinal injury model group; model + emodin group; model+NF-κB inhibitor pynolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group. Histopathological changes in intestine/lung tissues were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Serum IKBα, p-IKBα, surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IKBα, p-IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 were detected by Western blot. Results: The pathological injury of intestinal/lung tissues was remarkedly ameliorated in models treated with emodin and PDTC. Furthermore, the intestinal/lung injury scores were significantly decreased after emodin or PDTC treatment. TUNEL results showed that both emodin and PDTC treatment distinctly attenuated the apoptosis of intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury. At the mRNA level, emodin significantly increased the expression levels of SP-A and decreased the expression levels of IKBα and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. According to ELISA and Western blot, emodin remarkedly inhibited the expression of p-IKBα protein and elevated the expression of SP-A and TLR4 in serum and intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that emodin could protect against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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King SD, Chen SY. Recent progress on surfactant protein A: cellular function in lung and kidney disease development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C316-C320. [PMID: 32639871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a heterogeneous active surface complex made up of lipids and proteins. The major glycoprotein in surfactant is surfactant protein A (SP-A), which is released into the alveolar lumen from cytoplasmic lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells. SP-A is involved in phospholipid absorption. SP-A together with other surfactant proteins and phospholipids prevent alveolar collapse during respiration by decreasing the surface tension of the air-liquid interface. Additionally, SP-A interacts with pathogens to prevent their propagation and regulate host immune responses. Studies in human and animal models have shown that deficiencies or mutations in surfactant components result in various lung or kidney pathologies, suggesting a role for SP-A in the development of lung and kidney diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the current understanding of SP-A functions, recent findings of its dysfunction in specific lung and kidney pathologies, and how SP-A has been used as a biomarker to detect the outcome of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar D King
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
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