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Abu-Saleh N, Kuo CC, Jiang W, Levy R, Levy S. The molecular mechanism of CD81 antibody inhibition of metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305042120. [PMID: 37339209 PMCID: PMC10293848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305042120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are reduced in CD81KO mice. In addition, a unique anti-CD81 antibody, 5A6, inhibits metastasis in vivo and invasion and migration in vitro. Here, we probed the structural components of CD81 required for the antimetastatic activity induced by 5A6. We found that the removal of either cholesterol or the intracellular domains of CD81 did not affect inhibition by the antibody. We show that the uniqueness of 5A6 is due not to increased affinity but rather to its recognition of a specific epitope on the large extracellular loop of CD81. Finally, we present a number of CD81 membrane-associated partners that may play a role in mediating the 5A6 antimetastatic attributes, including integrins and transferrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroz Abu-Saleh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Chiung-Chi Kuo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Wei Jiang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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2
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Friedlová N, Zavadil Kokáš F, Hupp TR, Vojtěšek B, Nekulová M. IFITM protein regulation and functions: Far beyond the fight against viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042368. [PMID: 36466909 PMCID: PMC9716219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines that regulate immune responses through the activation of hundreds of genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). This evolutionarily conserved protein family includes five functionally active homologs in humans. Despite the high sequence homology, IFITMs vary in expression, subcellular localization and function. The initially described adhesive and antiproliferative or pro-oncogenic functions of IFITM proteins were diluted by the discovery of their antiviral properties. The large set of viruses that is inhibited by these proteins is constantly expanding, as are the possible mechanisms of action. In addition to their beneficial antiviral effects, IFITM proteins are often upregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. IFITM proteins have been linked to most hallmarks of cancer, including tumor cell proliferation, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies have described the involvement of IFITM proteins in antitumor immunity. This review summarizes various levels of IFITM protein regulation and the physiological and pathological functions of these proteins, with an emphasis on tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Friedlová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Zavadil Kokáš
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Nekulová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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3
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Luo N, Sun X, Ma S, Li X, Zhu W, Fu M, Yang F, Chen Z, Li Q, Zhang Y, Peng X, Hu G. Development of a Novel Prognostic Model of Glioblastoma Based on m6A-Associated Immune Genes and Identification of a New Biomarker. Front Oncol 2022; 12:868415. [PMID: 35936722 PMCID: PMC9348864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that m6A regulates oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, thus playing a dual role in cancer. Likewise, there is a close relationship between the immune system and tumor development and progression. However, for glioblastoma, m6A-associated immunological markers remain to be identified. Methods We obtained gene expression, mutation, and clinical data on glioblastoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. Next, we performed univariate COX–least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)–multivariate COX regression analyses to establish a prognostic gene signature and develop a corresponding dynamic nomogram application. We then carried out a clustering analysis twice to categorize all samples according to their m6A-regulating and m6A-associated immune gene expression levels (high, medium, and low) and calculated their m6A score. Finally, we performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cell counting kit-8, cell stemness detection, cell migration, and apoptosis detection in vitro assays to determine the biological role of CD81 in glioblastoma cells. Results Our glioblastoma risk score model had extremely high prediction efficacy, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reaching 0.9. The web version of the dynamic nomogram application allows rapid and accurate calculation of patients’ survival odds. Survival curves and Sankey diagrams indicated that the high-m6A score group corresponded to the groups expressing medium and low m6A-regulating gene levels and high m6A-associated prognostic immune gene levels. Moreover, these groups displayed lower survival rates and higher immune infiltration. Based on the gene set enrichment analysis, the pathophysiological mechanism may be related to the activation of the immunosuppressive function and related signaling pathways. Moreover, the risk score model allowed us to perform immunotherapy benefit assessment. Finally, silencing CD81 in vitro significantly suppressed proliferation, stemness, and migration and facilitated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Conclusion We developed an accurate and efficient prognostic model. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of different stratification methods with tumor microenvironment provided a basis for further pathophysiological mechanism exploration. Finally, CD81 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengling Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Hu, ; Xiaohong Peng, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Hu, ; Xiaohong Peng, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Hu, ; Xiaohong Peng, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
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4
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Jackson KK, Powell RR, Marcus RK, Bruce TF. Comparison of the capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-down tip approach to traditional methods for the isolation of extracellular vesicles from human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3813-3825. [PMID: 35412060 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Capillary-channeled polymer fiber (C-CP) solid-phase extraction tips have demonstrated the ability to produce clean and concentrated extracellular vesicle (EV) recoveries from human urine samples in the small EV size range (< 200 nm). An organic modifier-assisted hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) approach is applied in the spin-tip method under non-denaturing conditions-preserving the structure and bioactivity of the recovered vesicles. The C-CP tip method can employ either acetonitrile or glycerol as an elution modifier. The EV recoveries from the C-CP tip method (using both of these solvents) were compared to those obtained using the ultracentrifugation (UC) and polymer precipitation (exoEasy and ExoQuick) EV isolation methods for the same human urine specimen. The biophysical and quantitative characteristics of the recovered EVs using the five isolation methods were assessed based on concentration, size distribution, shape, tetraspanin surface marker protein content, and purity. In comparison to the traditionally used UC method and commercially available polymeric precipitation-based isolation kits, the C-CP tip introduces significant benefits with efficient (< 15 min processing of 12 samples here) and low-cost (< $1 per tip) EV isolations, employing sample volumes (10 µL-1 mL) and concentration (up to 4 × 1012 EVs mL-1) scales relevant for fundamental and clinical analyses. Recoveries of the target vesicles versus matrix proteins were far superior for the tip method versus the other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan K Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Rhonda R Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Terri F Bruce
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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5
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Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins and RNA Sorting Mechanisms for the Molecular Delivery by Exosomes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113043. [PMID: 34831268 PMCID: PMC8622164 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of precision medicine critically depends on the robustness and specificity of the carriers used for the targeted delivery of effector molecules in the human body. Numerous nanocarriers have been explored in vivo, to ensure the precise delivery of molecular cargos via tissue-specific targeting, including the endocrine part of the pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands. However, even after reaching the target organ, the cargo-carrying vehicle needs to enter the cell and then escape lysosomal destruction. Most artificial nanocarriers suffer from intrinsic limitations that prevent them from completing the specific delivery of the cargo. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to be the natural tool for payload delivery due to their versatility and low toxicity. However, EV-mediated delivery is not selective and is usually short-ranged. By inserting the viral membrane fusion proteins into exosomes, it is possible to increase the efficiency of membrane recognition and also ease the process of membrane fusion. This review describes the molecular details of the viral-assisted interaction between the target cell and EVs. We also discuss the question of the usability of viral fusion proteins in developing extracellular vesicle-based nanocarriers with a higher efficacy of payload delivery. Finally, this review specifically highlights the role of Gag and RNA binding proteins in RNA sorting into EVs.
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Vences-Catalán F, Rajapaksa R, Kuo CC, Miller CL, Lee A, Ramani VC, Jeffrey SS, Levy R, Levy S. Targeting the tetraspanin CD81 reduces cancer invasion and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018961118. [PMID: 34099563 PMCID: PMC8214710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018961118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are an evolutionary conserved family of proteins involved in multiple aspects of cell physiology, including proliferation, migration and invasion, protein trafficking, and signal transduction; yet their detailed mechanism of action is unknown. Tetraspanins have no known natural ligands, but their engagement by antibodies has begun to reveal their role in cell biology. Studies of tetraspanin knockout mice and of germline mutations in humans have highlighted their role under normal and pathological conditions. Previously, we have shown that mice deficient in the tetraspanin CD81 developed fewer breast cancer metastases compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Here, we show that a unique anti-human CD81 antibody (5A6) effectively halts invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. We demonstrate that 5A6 induces CD81 clustering at the cell membrane and we implicate JAM-A protein in the ability of this antibody to inhibit tumor cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, in a series of in vivo studies we demonstrate that this antibody inhibits metastases in xenograft models, as well as in syngeneic mice bearing a mouse tumor into which we knocked in the human CD81 epitope recognized by the 5A6 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Vences-Catalán
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ranjani Rajapaksa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chiung-Chi Kuo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anderson Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vishnu C Ramani
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; s
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; s
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Assessment of TSPAN Expression Profile and Their Role in the VSCC Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095015. [PMID: 34065085 PMCID: PMC8125994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and prognostic value of tetraspanins (TSPANs) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) remain poorly understood. We sought to primarily determine, at both the molecular and tissue level, the expression profile of the TSPANs CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82 in archived VSCC samples (n = 117) and further investigate their clinical relevance as prognostic markers. Our studies led us to identify CD63 as the most highly expressed TSPAN, at the gene and protein levels. Multicomparison studies also revealed that the expression of CD9 was associated with tumor size, whereas CD63 upregulation was associated with histological diagnosis and vascular invasion. Moreover, low expression of CD81 and CD82 was associated with worse prognosis. To determine the role of TSPANs in VSCC at the cellular level, we assessed the mRNA levels of CD63 and CD82 in established metastatic (SW962) and non-metastatic (SW954) VSCC human cell lines. CD82 was found to be downregulated in SW962 cells, thus supporting its metastasis suppressor role. However, CD63 was significantly upregulated in both cell lines. Silencing of CD63 by siRNA led to a significant decrease in proliferation of both SW954 and SW962. Furthermore, in SW962 particularly, CD63-siRNA also remarkably inhibited cell migration. Altogether, our data suggest that the differential expression of TSPANs represents an important feature for prognosis of VSCC patients and indicates that CD63 and CD82 are likely potential therapeutic targets in VSCC.
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Maiullari F, Chirivì M, Costantini M, Ferretti AM, Recchia S, Maiullari S, Milan M, Presutti D, Pace V, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Massetti M, Petrella L, Fanelli M, Rizzi M, Fortunato O, Moretti F, Caradonna E, Bearzi C, Rizzi R. In vivoorganized neovascularization induced by 3D bioprinted endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33434889 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdacf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a key tool in the biotechnological landscape due to their well-documented ability to mediate intercellular communication. This feature has been explored and is under constant investigation by researchers, who have demonstrated the important role of EVs in several research fields ranging from oncology to immunology and diagnostics to regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, there are still some limitations to overcome before clinical application, including the inability to confine the EVs to strategically defined sites of interest to avoid side effects. In this study, for the first time, EV application is supported by 3D bioprinting technology to develop a new strategy for applying the angiogenic cargo of human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived EVs in regenerative medicine. EVs, derived from human endothelial cells and grown under different stressed conditions, were collected and used as bioadditives for the formulation of advanced bioinks. Afterin vivosubcutaneous implantation, we demonstrated that the bioprinted 3D structures, loaded with EVs, supported the formation of a new functional vasculaturein situ, consisting of blood-perfused microvessels recapitulating the printed pattern. The results obtained in this study favour the development of new therapeutic approaches for critical clinical conditions, such as the need for prompt revascularization of ischaemic tissues, which represent the fundamental substrate for advanced regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Maiullari
- Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Recchia
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Maiullari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Pace
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Lella Petrella
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mara Fanelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Ufficio Programmazione e Grant Office, National Research Council of Italy (UPGO-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Bearzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
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9
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Hammoudeh SM, Venkatachalam T, Ansari AW, Bendardaf R, Hamid Q, Rahmani M, Hamoudi R. Systems Immunology Analysis Reveals an Immunomodulatory Effect of Snail-p53 Binding on Neutrophil- and T Cell-Mediated Immunity in KRAS Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569671. [PMID: 33381110 PMCID: PMC7768232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation and chronic inflammation are important mechanisms utilized by cancer cells to evade the immune defense and promote tumor progression. Therefore, various efforts were focused on the development of approaches to reprogram the immune response to increase the immune detection of cancer cells and enhance patient response to various types of therapy. A number of regulatory proteins were investigated and proposed as potential targets for immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches including p53 and Snail. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of disrupting Snail-p53 binding induced by the oncogenic KRAS to suppress p53 signaling. We analyzed the transcriptomic profile mediated by Snail-p53 binding inhibitor GN25 in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) using Next generation whole RNA-sequencing. Notably, we observed a significant enrichment in transcripts involved in immune response pathways especially those contributing to neutrophil (IL8) and T-cell mediated immunity (BCL6, and CD81). Moreover, transcripts associated with NF-κB signaling were also enriched which may play an important role in the immunomodulatory effect of Snail-p53 binding. Further analysis revealed that the immune expression signature of GN25 overlaps with the signature of other therapeutic compounds known to exhibit immunomodulatory effects validating the immunomodulatory potential of targeting Snail-p53 binding. The effects of GN25 on the immune response pathways suggest that targeting Snail-p53 binding might be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa Hammoudeh
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riyad Bendardaf
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Oncology Unit, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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