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Huang J, Fan Y, Lei Z, Yu Z, Ni D, Chen Y. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of theaflavins on fluoride transport and uptake in HIEC-6 cell model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113939. [PMID: 37433353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) is widely present in nature, while long-term excessive F- intake can lead to fluorosis. Theaflavins are an important bioactive ingredient of black and dark tea, and black and dark tea water extracts showed a significantly lower F- bioavailability than NaF solutions in previous studies. In this study, the effect and mechanism of four theaflavins (theaflavin, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) on F- bioavailability were investigated using normal human small intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6) as a model. The results showed that theaflavins could inhibit the absorptive (apical - basolateral) transport of F- while promote its secretory (basolateral - apical) transport in HIEC-6 cell monolayers in a time- and concentration-dependent (5-100 μg/mL) manner, and significantly reduce the cellular F- uptake. Moreover, the HIEC-6 cells treated with theaflavins showed a reduction in cell membrane fluidity and cell surface microvilli. Transcriptome, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G) addition could significantly enhance the mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction-related genes in HIEC-6 cells, such as claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Overall, theaflavins may reduce F- absorptive transport by regulating tight junction-related proteins, and decreasing intracellular F- accumulation by affecting the cell membrane structure and properties in HIEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yueqin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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Wang A, Ma Q, Gong B, Sun L, Afrim FK, Sun R, He T, Huang H, Zhu J, Zhou G, Ba Y. DNA methylation and fluoride exposure in school-age children: Epigenome-wide screening and population-based validation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112612. [PMID: 34371455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride exposure and epigenetic change can induce numerous adverse health outcomes, but the role of epigenetics underneath the harmful health effects induced by fluoride exposure is unclear. In such gap, we evaluated the associations between fluoride exposure and genome-wide DNA methylation, and identified that novel candidate genes associated with fluoride exposure. A total of 931 school-age children (8-12 years) in Tongxu County of Henan Province (China) were recruited in 2017. Urinary fluoride (UF) concentrations were measured using the national standardized ion selective electrode method. Participants were divided into a high fluoride-exposure group (HFG) and control group (CG) according to the UF concentrations. Candidate differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were screened by Infinium-Methylation EPIC BeadChip of DNA samples collected from 16 participants (eight each from each group). Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) containing DMRs associated with skeletal and neuronal development influenced by fluoride exposure were confirmed using MethylTarget™ technology from 100 participants (fifty each from each group). DMGs were verified by quantitative methylation specific PCR from 815 participants. Serum levels of hormones were measured by auto biochemical analyzer. The mediation analysis of methylation in the effect of fluoride exposure on hormone levels was also performed. A total of 237 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) and 212 DMRs were found in different fluoride-exposure groups in the epigenome-wide phase. Methylation of the target sequences of neuronatin (NNAT), calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (CALCA) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 showed significant difference between the HFG and CG. Each 0.06% (95% CI: -0.11%, -0.01%) decreased in NNAT methylation status correlated with each increase of 1.0 mg/L in UF concentration in 815 school-age children using QMSP. Also, each 1.88% (95% CI: 0.04%, 3.72%) increase in CALCA methylation status correlated with each increase of 1.0 mg/L in UF concentration. The mediating effect of NNAT methylation was found in alterations of ACTH levels influenced by fluoride exposure, with a β value of 11.7% (95% CI: 3.4%, 33.4%). In conclusion, long-term fluoride exposure affected the methylation pattern of genomic DNA. NNAT and CALCA as DMGs might be susceptible to fluoride exposure in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Teaching and Research Office, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Biao Gong
- Department of Endemic Disease, Kaifeng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Endemic Disease, Kaifeng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Francis-Kojo Afrim
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Renjie Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Tongkun He
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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