Tilianin attenuates MPP+‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease

Tilianin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and NEK7/NLRP3

Tilianin, a flavonoid compound derived from Dracocephalum moldavica L., is recognized for its diverse biological functionalities, in particular alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). There is ample evidence suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome has a significant impact on the development of MIRI. In this study, rats undergoing the ligation and subsequent release of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to investigate the effects of tilianin on NLRP3 inflammasome and its anti-MIRI mechanisms. Upon reperfusion, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with tilianin at doses of 3, 10, 30 mg/kg. H9c2 cells were treated with tilianin at concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 μg/mL. Echocardiography, TTC staining and TUNEL staining demonstrated that tilianin remarkably improved cardiac function and mitigated myocardial damage in MIRI rats. Additionally, notable inflammatory response reduction by tilianin was evidenced by subsequent hematatoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, inflammatory cytokines assay, and quantitative proteomics. Further western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining showed tilianin decreased the levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, and ASC in MIRI rats and H9c2 cells exposed to OGD/R, alongside a significant reduction in cleaved gasdermin D, mature IL-1β and IL-18. Molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay revealed that tilianin impeded the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Taken together, tilianin protects cardiomyocytes from MIRI by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the disruption of the NEK7/NLRP3 interface. These findings underscore the potential of tilianin as a promising therapeutic candidate for MIRI.

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to correlate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of three Dracocephalum moldavica L. cultivars with their polyphenolic compositions. The polyphenols were identified and quantified using spectrophotometrical methods and LC-MS analysis. Their antioxidant capacities were assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Their in vitro antimicrobial efficacies were assessed using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Their cytotoxicity was investigated on normal diploid foreskin fibroblasts (BJ) and on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cell lines. The results pointed out significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds in the compositions of the tested cultivars, with rosmarinic acid as the main compound (amounts ranging between 5.337 ± 0.0411 and 6.320 ± 0.0535 mg/mL). All three cultivars displayed significant antioxidant (IC₅₀ ranging between 35.542 ± 0.043 and 40.901 ± 0.161 µg/mL for the DPPH assay, and for the FRAP assay 293.194 ± 0.213 and 330.165 ± 0.754 µmol Trolox equivalent/mg dry vegetal material) and antimicrobial potential (especially towards the Gram-positive bacteria), as well as a selective toxicity towards the tumoral line. A significant positive correlation was found between antioxidant activity and the total phenolic acids (r² = 0.987) and polyphenols (r² = 0.951). These findings bring further arguments for strongly considering D. moldavica cultivars as promising vegetal products, which warrants further investigation.

THE POTENTIAL RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TILIANIN IN RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN MALE RAT MODEL

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To determine whether Tilianin (TIL) may have Nephroprotective effects on bilateral renal IRI in rats by analyzing kidney function biomarkers U and Cr, inflammatory cytokines like TNF α and IL-1β, antioxidant marker total anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), anti-apoptotic markers caspase-3, and histopathological scores.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: 20 rats divided into even 4 groups as: Sham group: Rats underwent median laparotomies without having their ischemia induced. Control group: Rats had bilateral renal ischemia for 30 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Vehicle group: 30 minutes prior to the onset of ischemia, rats were given a pretreatment of corn oil and DMSO. Tilianin treated group: Rats administered Tilianin 5 mg/kg for 30 min prior to ischemia induction, then IRI.

RESULTS

Results: The study found that the serum levels of TNF, IL-1, caspase-3, urea and creatinine, as well as TNF and creatinine in the Tilianin group were significantly lower than those of the control and vehicle groups. On the other hand, it revealed that TAC levels are remarkably higher in the Tilianin group than they are in the control and vehicle groups.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: This study concluded that Tilianin have a Nephroprotective effect via multiple impacts as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant agents.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Essential Oil and Hydrolate

Steam distillation was used for the isolation of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldavian dragonhead) essential oil (DMEO). This aromatic herbaceous plant is widespread across the Northern Hemisphere regions and has been utilized in health-improving studies and applications. In addition to the DMEO, the hydrolate (DMH), a byproduct of the distillation process, was also collected. The DMEO and DMH were analyzed and compared in terms of their chemical composition, as well as their in vitro biological activities. The main component in DMEO was geranyl acetate, while geranial was dominant in DMH. The DMEO demonstrated better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared with the DMH against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, which represent sources of food-borne illness at the global level. The DMEO and DMH show promise as antioxidant and antimicrobial additives to various products.