1
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Liu G, Yang G, Zhao G, Guo C, Zeng Y, Xue Y, Zeng F. Spatial transcriptomic profiling to identify mesoderm progenitors with precision genomic screening and functional confirmation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13298. [PMID: 35906841 PMCID: PMC9528766 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesoderm, derived from a new layer between epiblast and hypoblast during gastrulation, can differentiate into various tissues, including muscles, bones, kidneys, blood, and the urogenital system. However, systematic elucidation of mesoderm characteristics and specific markers remains a challenge. This study aims to screen and identify candidate genes important for mesoderm development. Materials and Methods Cells originating from the three germ layers were obtained by laser capture microdissection, followed by microcellular RNA sequencing. Mesoderm‐specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using a combination of three bioinformatics pipelines. Candidate mesoderm‐specific genes expression were verified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. Functional analyses were verified by ESCs‐EBs differentiation and colony‐forming units (CFUs) assay. Results A total of 1962 differentially expressed mesoderm genes were found, out of which 50 were candidate mesoderm‐specific DEGs which mainly participate in somite development, formation of the primary germ layer, segmentation, mesoderm development, and pattern specification process by GO analysis. Representative genes Cdh2, Cdh11, Jag1, T, Fn‐1, and Pcdh7 were specifically expressed in mesoderm among the three germ layers. Pcdh7 as membrane‐associated gene has hematopoietic‐relevant functions identified by ESCs‐EBs differentiation and CFUs assay. Conclusions Spatial transcriptomic profiling with multi‐method analysis and confirmation revealed candidate mesoderm progenitors. This approach appears to be efficient and reliable and can be extended to screen and validate candidate genes in various cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanheng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guijun Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitao Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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2
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Herchcovici Levy S, Feldman Cohen S, Arnon L, Lahav S, Awawdy M, Alajem A, Bavli D, Sun X, Buganim Y, Ram O. Esrrb is a cell-cycle-dependent associated factor balancing pluripotency and XEN differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1334-1350. [PMID: 35594859 PMCID: PMC9214067 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle and differentiation decisions are linked; however, the underlying principles that drive these decisions are unclear. Here, we combined cell-cycle reporter system and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling to study the transcriptomes of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the context of cell-cycle states and differentiation. By applying retinoic acid, to G1 and G2/M ESCs, we show that, while both populations can differentiate toward epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), only G2/M ESCs could differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm cells. We identified Esrrb, a pluripotency factor that is upregulated during G2/M, as a driver of extraembryonic endoderm stem cell (XEN) differentiation. Furthermore, enhancer chromatin states based on wild-type (WT) and ESRRB knockout (KO) ESCs show association of ESRRB with XEN poised enhancers. G1 cells overexpressing Esrrb allow ESCs to produce XENs, while ESRRB-KO ESCs lost their potential to differentiate into XEN. Overall, this study reveals a vital link between Esrrb and cell-cycle states during the exit from pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Herchcovici Levy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sharon Feldman Cohen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Lee Arnon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomtzion Lahav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Muhammad Awawdy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adi Alajem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Danny Bavli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oren Ram
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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3
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Lindhout FW, Kooistra R, Portegies S, Herstel LJ, Stucchi R, Snoek BL, Altelaar AFM, MacGillavry HD, Wierenga CJ, Hoogenraad CC. Quantitative mapping of transcriptome and proteome dynamics during polarization of human iPSC-derived neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e58124. [PMID: 32940601 PMCID: PMC7498259 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neuronal stem cells into polarized neurons is a well-coordinated process which has mostly been studied in classical non-human model systems, but to what extent these findings are recapitulated in human neurons remains unclear. To study neuronal polarization in human neurons, we cultured hiPSC-derived neurons, characterized early developmental stages, measured electrophysiological responses, and systematically profiled transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics during these steps. The neuron transcriptome and proteome shows extensive remodeling, with differential expression profiles of ~1100 transcripts and ~2200 proteins during neuronal differentiation and polarization. We also identified a distinct axon developmental stage marked by the relocation of axon initial segment proteins and increased microtubule remodeling from the distal (stage 3a) to the proximal (stage 3b) axon. This developmental transition coincides with action potential maturation. Our comprehensive characterization and quantitative map of transcriptome and proteome dynamics provides a solid framework for studying polarization in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline W Lindhout
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Robbelien Kooistra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Sybren Portegies
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Lotte J Herstel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - AF Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, IncSan FranciscoUnited States
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4
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Rastogi A, Joshi P, Contreras E, Gama V. Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming. Cell Stress 2019; 3:181-194. [PMID: 31225513 PMCID: PMC6558935 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Ela Contreras
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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5
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Joshi R, Fuller B, Mosadegh B, Tavana H. Stem cell colony interspacing effect on differentiation to neural cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2041-2054. [PMID: 30058271 DOI: 10.1002/term.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to enhance the efficiency of neural differentiation of stem cells are primarily focused on exogenous modulation of physical niche parameters such as surface topography and extracellular matrix proteins, or addition of certain growth factors or small molecules to culture media. We report a novel neurogenic niche to enhance the neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) without any external intervention by micropatterning ESCs into spatially organized colonies of controlled size and interspacing. Using an aqueous two-phase system cell microprinting technology, we generated pairs of uniformly sized isolated ESC colonies at defined interspacing distances over a layer of differentiation-inducing stromal cells. Our comprehensive analysis of temporal expression of neural genes and proteins of cells in colony pairs showed that interspacing two colonies at approximately 0.66 times the colony diameter (0.66D) significantly enhanced neural differentiation of ESCs. Cells in these colonies displayed higher expression of neural genes and proteins and formed thick neurite bundles between the two colonies. A computational model of spatial distribution of soluble factors of cells in interspaced colony pairs showed that the enhanced neural differentiation is due to the presence of stable concentration gradients of soluble signalling factors between the two colonies. Our results indicate that culturing ESCs in colony pairs with defined interspacing is a promising approach to efficiently derive neural cells. Additionally, this approach provides a platform for quantitative studies of molecular mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Brendan Fuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
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6
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Feng Y, Ning Y, Lin X, Zhang D, Liao S, Zheng C, Chen J, Wang Y, Ma L, Xie D, Han C. Reprogramming p53-Deficient Germline Stem Cells Into Pluripotent State by Nanog. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:692-703. [PMID: 29631477 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), also known as germline stem cells (GSCs), revert back to pluripotent state either spontaneously or upon being modified genetically. However, the reprogramming efficiencies are low, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis and found that many transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers were differentially expressed between GSCs and embryonic stem cells. We failed in reprogramming GSCs to pluripotent state using the Yamanaka 4 Factors, but succeeded when Nanog and Tet1 were included. More importantly, reprogramming was also achieved with Nanog alone in a p53-deficient GSC line with an efficiency of 0.02‰. These GSC-derived-induced pluripotent stem cells possessed in vitro and in vivo differentiation abilities despite the low rate of chimera formation, which might be caused by abnormal methylation in certain paternally imprinted genes. Together, these results show that GSCs can be reprogrammed to pluripotent state via multiple avenues and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of GSC reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Feng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ning
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Shangying Liao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xie
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Victor AK, Reiter LT. Dental pulp stem cells for the study of neurogenetic disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R166-R171. [PMID: 28582499 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a relatively new alternative stem cell source for the study of neurogenetic disorders. DPSC can be obtained non-invasively and collected from long-distances remaining viable during transportation. These highly proliferative cells express stem cell markers and retain the ability to differentiate down multiple cell lineages including chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and multiple neuronal cell types. The neural crest origin of DPSC makes them a useful source of primary cells for modeling neurological disorders at the molecular level. In this brief review, we will discuss recent developments in DPSC research that highlight the molecular etiology of DPSC derived neurons and how they may contribute to our understanding of neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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8
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Lin C, Liu C, Zhang L, Huang Z, Zhao P, Chen R, Pang M, Chen Z, He L, Luo C, Rong L, Liu B. Interaction of iPSC-derived neural stem cells on poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds for possible use in neural tissue engineering. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:697-708. [PMID: 29207038 PMCID: PMC5752187 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing technological area for the regeneration and reconstruction of damage to the central nervous system. By combining seed cells with appropriate biomaterial scaffolds, tissue engineering has the ability to improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In the present study, mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with the non-integrating episomal vectors pCEP4-EO2S-ET2K and pCEP4-miR-302-367 cluster, and differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) as transplanting cells. Electrospinning was then used to fabricate randomly oriented poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers and aligned PLLA nanofibers and assessed their cytocompatibility and neurite guidance effect with iPSC-derived NSCs (iNSCs). The results demonstrated that non-integrated iPSCs were effectively generated and differentiated into iNSCs. PLLA nanofiber scaffolds were able to promote the adhesion, growth, survival and proliferation of the iNSCs. Furthermore, compared with randomly oriented PLLA nanofibers, the aligned PLLA nanofibers greatly directed neurite outgrowth from the iNSCs and significantly promoted neurite growth along the nanofibrous alignment. Overall, these findings indicate the feasibility of using PLLA nanofiber scaffolds in combination with iNSCs in vitro and support their potential for use in nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Liumin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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9
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Joshi R, Buchanan JC, Tavana H. Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:418-426. [PMID: 28406502 PMCID: PMC5498101 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), due to their intrinsic capability to generate somatic cells of all three germ layers, are potential sources of neural cells for cell replacement therapies. However, the empirical differentiation protocols and the lack of mechanistic understanding of the neural differentiation of ESCs have limited the utility of ESCs as a developmental model or as a cell source for neural cell populations for replacement therapies. Co-culturing ESCs with stromal cells is one of the extensively used methods to induce neural differentiation. Despite several studies to identify neural inducing factors in stromal cell induced neural differentiation, the self-regulatory effects of ESCs in the neural differentiation process remain unexplored. For the first time, we elucidate the self-regulatory role of mESCs in their neural cell differentiation by supplementing conditioned media from differentiating mESCs to mESC-PA6 co-cultures and quantitatively evaluating the change in neural differentiation. Moreover, we use statistical tools to analyze the expression of various growth and trophic factors and distinguish the factors produced primarily by PA6 cells versus mESCs in co-culture. We observe that addition of the medium containing mESC-secreted factors to a single mESC colony co-cultured with PA6 cells significantly enhances the neural differentiation of mESCs compares to the medium extracted from the stromal cells only. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from PA6 and co-cultured mESCs segregates two groups of factors that are produced by the stromal cells and differentiating mESCs. Identifying the major soluble factors that drive and regulate the neural differentiation process in the mESC-PA6 co-culture niche will help understand molecular mechanisms of neural development. Moreover, it can be a major step toward developing novel protocols to differentiate stem cells with mESC derived factor supplementation without using feeder cells and with greater efficiency compared to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - J. C. Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - H. Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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10
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Meyer K, Kaspar BK. Glia-neuron interactions in neurological diseases: Testing non-cell autonomy in a dish. Brain Res 2017; 1656:27-39. [PMID: 26778174 PMCID: PMC4939136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the past century, research on neurological disorders has largely focused on the most prominently affected cell types - the neurons. However, with increasing knowledge of the diverse physiological functions of glial cells, their impact on these diseases has become more evident. Thus, many conditions appear to have more complex origins than initially thought. Since neurological pathologies are often sporadic with unknown etiology, animal models are difficult to create and might only reflect a small portion of patients in which a mutation in a gene has been identified. Therefore, reliable in vitro systems to studying these disorders are urgently needed. They might be a pre-requisite for improving our understanding of the disease mechanisms as well as for the development of potential new therapies. In this review, we will briefly summarize the function of different glial cell types in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) and outline their implication in the development or progression of neurological conditions. We will then describe different types of culture systems to model non-cell autonomous interactions in vitro and evaluate advantages and disadvantages. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Exploiting human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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11
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Joshi R, Buchanan JC, Paruchuri S, Morris N, Tavana H. Molecular Analysis of Stromal Cells-Induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166316. [PMID: 27832161 PMCID: PMC5104328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deriving specific neural cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a promising approach for cell replacement therapies of neurodegenerative diseases. When co-cultured with certain stromal cells, mouse ESCs (mESCs) differentiate efficiently to neural cells. In this study, a comprehensive gene and protein expression analysis of differentiating mESCs is performed over a two-week culture period to track temporal progression of cells from a pluripotent state to specific terminally-differentiated neural cells such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Expression levels of 26 genes consisting of marker genes for pluripotency, neural progenitors, and specific neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendrocytic cells are tracked using real time q-PCR. The time-course gene expression analysis of differentiating mESCs is combined with the hierarchal clustering and functional principal component analysis (FPCA) to elucidate the evolution of specific neural cells from mESCs at a molecular level. These statistical analyses identify three major gene clusters representing distinct phases of transition of stem cells from a pluripotent state to a terminally-differentiated neuronal or glial state. Temporal protein expression studies using immunohistochemistry demonstrate the generation of neural stem/progenitor cells and specific neural lineages and show a close agreement with the gene expression profiles of selected markers. Importantly, parallel gene and protein expression analysis elucidates long-term stability of certain proteins compared to those with a quick turnover. Describing the molecular regulation of neural cells commitment of mESCs due to stromal signaling will help identify major promoters of differentiation into specific cell types for use in cell replacement therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - James Carlton Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States of America
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States of America
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Shu T, Pang M, Rong L, Zhou W, Wang J, Liu C, Wang X. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:233-241. [PMID: 24568774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to treat some neurological diseases because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigate whether Salvia miltiorrhiza can improve the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neurons in vitro, and promote iPSCs-derived neural stem cells survival, integrate, and differentiation after their transplantation to the ischemic brain tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells were used to differentiate into neural stem cells, and further into neurons in induction medium with various concentrations of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The effects were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. iPSC-derived neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion, immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate survival, integrate, and differentiation of grafted cells, the functional recovery of the animals was tested by the Longa scores and spontaneous motor activity. RESULTS Salvia miltiorrhiza (5μg/ml) significantly increased the gene and protein expression of Nestin compared with that in other groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression in induction medium with 5μg/ml Salvia miltiorrhiza was significantly higher than that in the control group. After cells transplantation into the ischemic brain, more grafted MAP2(+) cells were found in Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated rats than others at 7 days. Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated rats showed the most remarkable functional recovery at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSION Salvia miltiorrhiza induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into neurons efficiently. The plant provides neuroprotection to implanted cells and improves functional recovery after their transplantation to the ischemic brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Baiyun Women׳s and Children׳s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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