1
|
Jo E, Jang HJ, Shen L, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park J, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militaris Exerts Anticancer Effect on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting Hedgehog Signaling via Suppression of TCTN3. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420923756. [PMID: 32456485 PMCID: PMC7265736 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420923756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cordyceps
militaris extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of non–small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and determine the underlying mechanisms. We
performed a CCK-8 assay to detect cell proliferation, detection of morphological
changes through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), annexin V–FITC/PI double
staining to analyze apoptosis, and immunoblotting to measure the protein
expression of apoptosis and hedgehog signaling–related proteins, with C
militaris treated NSCLC cells. In this study, we first found that
C militaris reduced the viability and induced morphological
disruption in NSCLC cells. The gene expression profiles indicated a
reprogramming pattern of genes and transcription factors associated with the
action of TCTN3 on NSCLC cells. We also confirmed that the C
militaris–induced inhibition of TCTN3 expression affected the
hedgehog signaling pathway. Immunoblotting indicated that C
militaris–mediated TCTN3 downregulation induced apoptosis in NSCLC
cells, involved in the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, we demonstrated
that the C militaris negatively modulated GLI1 transcriptional
activity by suppressing SMO/PTCH1 signaling, which affects the intrinsic
apoptotic pathway. When hedgehog binds to the PTCH1, SMO dissociates from PTCH1
inhibition at cilia. As a result, the active GLI1 translocates to the nucleus.
C militaris clearly suppressed GLI1 nuclear translocation,
leading to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL down-regulation. These results suggested that
C militaris induced NSCLC cell apoptosis, possibly through
the downregulation of SMO/PTCH1 signaling and GLI1 activation via inhibition of
TCTN3. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of
NSCLC using C militaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic
of Korea
| | - Lei Shen
- Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of
Korea
| | | | | | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju,
Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ik Soon Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology,
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Ik Soon Jang, Division of Bioconvergence
Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
305-333, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Wang F, Xu Y, Liu G, Dong C. Cysteine-Rich Hydrophobin Gene Family: Genome Wide Analysis, Phylogeny and Transcript Profiling in Cordyceps militaris. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020643. [PMID: 33440688 PMCID: PMC7827705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a family of small secreted proteins found exclusively in fungi, and they play various roles in the life cycle. In the present study, genome wide analysis and transcript profiling of the hydrophobin family in Cordyceps militaris, a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom, were studied. The distribution of hydrophobins in ascomycetes with different lifestyles showed that pathogenic fungi had significantly more hydrophobins than saprotrophic fungi, and class II members accounted for the majority. Phylogenetic analysis of hydrophobin proteins from the species of Cordyceps s.l. indicated that there was more variability among the class II members than class I. Only a few hydrophobin-encoding genes evolved by duplication in Cordyceps s.l., which was inconsistent with the important role of gene duplication in basidiomycetes. Different transcript patterns of four hydrophobin-encoding genes during the life cycle indicated the possible different functions for each. The transcripts of Cmhyd2, 3 and 4 can respond to light and were related with the photoreceptors. CmQHYD, with four hydrophobin II domains, was first found in C. militaris, and multi-domain hydrophobins were only distributed in the species of Cordycipitaceae and Clavicipitaceae. These results could be helpful for further function research of hydrophobins and could provide valuable information for the evolution of hydrophobins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Guijun Liu
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Breeding, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaokaen P, Jaiboonma A, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Janebodin K, Noisa P, Jitprasertwong P. Cordycepin-loaded Nanoparticles from Cassava Starch Promote the Proliferation of Submandibular Gland Cells and Inhibit the Growth of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2014-2029. [PMID: 32929998 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1819350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations between the effect of treatment with nano-cassava starch that contained cordycepin (CS) extract, targeting human submandibular gland cells (HSGs), and human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC-4). Cassava starch nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared by either physical or acid treatment. These nanoparticles were then loaded with either CS or cordyceps medium and then treated with HSG or HSC-4 cells in different concentrations of CS and nanoparticles. Moreover, the protein secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and the expression of salivary-specific genes, antioxidant gene were determined after treatment. CSNPs can enhance the activity of CS at low concentrations. Cordycepin-loaded cassava starch nanoparticles (CCSNPs) increased HSG proliferation, protein secretion, and the expression of salivary-specific genes, AMY and AQP5. Besides, CCSNPs also protected and scavenged of ROS via the stimulation of the antioxidant genes in HSGs, indicating the protective roles of CS to HSGs. On the other hand, CCSNPs inhibited the growth of HSC-4 cells by stimulating ROS generation and reducing protein secretion. This finding suggested that CCSNPs presented the dual actions against HSGs and human oral squamous carcinoma cells, and the encapsulation of CS with cassava nanoparticles enhanced the activity of CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palakorn Kaokaen
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Atchara Jaiboonma
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu YN, Liu BY, Ma YC, Yang HL, Liu GQ. Analysis of reference genes stability and histidine kinase expression under cold stress in Cordyceps militaris. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236898. [PMID: 32785280 PMCID: PMC7423124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of fungal fruiting bodies from a hyphal thallus is inducible under low temperature (cold stress). The molecular mechanism has been subject to surprisingly few studies. Analysis of gene expression level has become an important means to study gene function and its regulation mechanism. But identification of reference genes (RGs) stability under cold stress have not been reported in famous medicinal mushroom-forming fungi Cordyceps militaris. Herein, 12 candidate RGs had been systematically validated under cold stress in C. militaris. Three different algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper were applied to evaluate the expression stability of the RGs. Our results showed that UBC and UBQ were the most stable RGs for cold treatments in short and long periods, respectively. 2 RGs (UBC and PP2A) and 3 RGs (UBQ, TUB and CYP) were the suitable RGs for cold treatments in short and long periods, respectively. Moreover, target genes, two-component-system histidine kinase genes, were selected to validate the most and least stable RGs under cold treatment, which indicated that use of unstable expressed genes as RGs leads to biased results. Our results provide a good starting point for accurate reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction normalization by using UBC and UBQ in C. militaris under cold stress and better support for understanding the mechanism of response to cold stress and fruiting body formation in C. militaris and other mushroom-forming fungi in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Nan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology & International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Yang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology & International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - You-Chu Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology & International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- College of Environmental & Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology & International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Tu W, Tang Y, Zhang S. Prevention and treatment for radiation-induced skin injury during radiotherapy. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
7
|
Wang W, Xue C, Mao X. Radioprotective effects and mechanisms of animal, plant and microbial polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:373-384. [PMID: 32087223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is increasingly used to successfully diagnose many human health problems, but ionizing radiation may cause damage to organs/tissues in the living organisms such as the spleen, liver, skin, and brain. Many radiation protective agents have been discovered, with the deepening of radiation research. Unfortunately, these protective agents have many side effects, which cause drug resistance, nausea, vomiting, osteoporosis, etc. The polysaccharides extracted from natural sources are widely available and low in toxicity. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polysaccharides have anti-radiation activity through anti-oxidation, immune regulation, protection of hematopoietic system and protection against DNA damage. Recently, some studies have shown that polysaccharides were resistant to radiation. In the review, the anti-radiation activities of polysaccharides from different sources are summarized, and the anti-radiation mechanisms are discussed as well. It can be used to develop more effective anti-radiation management drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Wang F, Yang Y, Wang Y, Dong C. CmVVD is involved in fruiting body development and carotenoid production and the transcriptional linkage among three blue-light receptors in edible fungus Cordyceps militaris. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:466-482. [PMID: 31742850 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fruiting body development and carotenoid production are light-induced in Cordyceps militaris. Our previous studies have shown that two blue-light receptors, CmWC-1 and CmCRY-DASH, regulate fruiting body development and secondary metabolism. However, the photosensory system of C. militaris remains unclear. Here, gene deletion of Cmvvd, coding for another blue-light receptor, resulted in reduced conidiation level and significant promotion of carotenoid content. Cmvvd transcription levels at fruiting body stages were higher than at other stages, and fruiting bodies could not develop normally in ΔCmvvd strains, indicating that Cmvvd might play an important role in fruiting body development. Rhythm loops were not affected in ΔCmvvd strains but were regulated by Cmwc-1, and the expression of the rhythm regulator gene Cmfrq was dependent on CmWC-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that Cmvvd is the direct target of CmWC-1 in this fungus. Our results also revealed interdependent transcriptional relationships between Cmwc-1 and Cmvvd, and between Cmwc-1 and Cmcry-DASH. Cmcry-DASH expression was affected by Cmvvd, and the function-loss of Cmcry-DASH might be compensated by the high transcription of Cmvvd. This is the first report of the transcriptional linkage among the three blue-light receptors in edible fungi and will be helpful for studies of multicellular development in this fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong MK, Yoo HS, Kang IC. The Extract of Cordyceps Militaris Inhibited the Proliferation of Cisplatin-Resistant A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Downregulation of H-Ras. J Med Food 2019; 22:823-832. [PMID: 31313945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor effect of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) on A549 cisplatin-resistant (CR) lung cancer cells. The proliferation of A549/CR cells was suppressed by CME. Apoptosis of the cells was induced by CME. The cell cycle arrest was observed in the sub-G1 phase in the cells treated with CME. Proteomic profile analysis showed that H-Ras was downregulated in CME-treated cells and it was confirmed by western blot analysis. Collectively, these data demonstrated that CME is an alternative treatment for the anticancer effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Jeong
- 1East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- 1East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- 2Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Asan, Korea.,3BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.,4Innopharmascreen, Inc., Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Therapeutic Potential and Biological Applications of Cordycepin and Metabolic Mechanisms in Cordycepin-Producing Fungi. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122231. [PMID: 31207985 PMCID: PMC6632035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), a cytotoxic nucleoside analogue found in Cordyceps militaris, has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic potential and biological value. Cordycepin interacts with multiple medicinal targets associated with cancer, tumor, inflammation, oxidant, polyadenylation of mRNA, etc. The investigation of the medicinal drug actions supports the discovery of novel targets and the development of new drugs to enhance the therapeutic potency and reduce toxicity. Cordycepin may be of great value owing to its medicinal potential as an external drug, such as in cosmeceutical, traumatic, antalgic and muscle strain applications. In addition, the biological application of cordycepin, for example, as a ligand, has been used to uncover molecular structures. Notably, studies that investigated the metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin-producing fungi have yielded significant information related to the biosynthesis of high levels of cordycepin. Here, we summarized the medicinal targets, biological applications, cytotoxicity, delivery carriers, stability, and pros/cons of cordycepin in clinical applications, as well as described the metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin in cordycepin-producing fungi. We posit that new approaches, including single-cell analysis, have the potential to enhance medicinal potency and unravel all facets of metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris.
Collapse
|
11
|
Koohian F, Shanei A, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Hejazi SH, Moradi MT. The Radioprotective Effect of Resveratrol Against Genotoxicity Induced by γ-Irradiation in Mice Blood Lymphocytes. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817705699. [PMID: 28566983 PMCID: PMC5439647 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817705699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated whether the protective potential of resveratrol (RSV; 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) against γ-radiation caused damages in peripheral blood lymphocyte of mice. Resveratrol as a polyphenolic compound scavenges free radicals. Various doses of RSV were administered intraperitoneally 2 hours to adult male mice before a single dose of whole-body γ-irradiation (2 Gy). To assess the protective ability of RSV, the alkaline comet assay in blood lymphocyte of mice was performed and the total comet score was evaluated. The results of the alkaline comet assay showed that RSV significantly inhibited radiation-induced DNA damage. We observed that RSV protects blood lymphocyte against radiation-induced damage in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Koohian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shanei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang T, Guo M, Yang H, Guo S, Dong C. The blue-light receptor CmWC-1 mediates fruit body development and secondary metabolism in Cordyceps militaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:743-55. [PMID: 26476643 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Light is an essential factor for pigment formation and fruit body development in Cordyceps militaris, a well-known edible and medicinal fungus. Cmwc-1, a homolog of the blue-light receptor gene white collar-1 (wc-1) in Neurospora crassa, was cloned from the C. militaris genome in our previous study. Here, Cmwc-1 gene inactivation results in thicker aerial hyphae, disordered fruit body development, a significant reduction in conidial formation, and carotenoid and cordycepin production. These characteristics were restored when the ΔCmwc-1 strains were hybridized with wild-type strains of the opposite mating type. A genome-wide expression analysis revealed that there were 1042 light-responsive genes in the wild-type strain and only 458 in the ΔCmwc-1 strain. Among five putative photoreceptors identified, Vivid, cryptochrome-1, and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase are strongly induced by light in a Cmwc-1-dependent manner, while phytochrome and cryptochrome-2 were not induced. The transcription factors involved in the fungal light reaction were mainly of the Zn2Cys6 type. CmWC-1 regulates adenylosuccinate synthase, an important enzyme for adenosine de novo synthesis, which could explain the reduction in cordycepin production. Some G protein-coupled receptors that control fungal fruit body formation and the sexual cycle were regulated by CmWC-1, and the cAMP pathway involved in light signal transduction in N. crassa was not critical for the photoreaction in the fungus here. A transcriptional analysis indicated that steroid biosynthesis was more active in the ΔCmwc-1 strain, suggesting that CmWC-1 might switch the vegetative growth state to primordia differentiation by suppressing the expression of related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mingmin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Huaijun Yang
- Shanxi Research Institute for Medicine and Life Science, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Suping Guo
- Shanxi Research Institute for Medicine and Life Science, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmadi A, Shadboorestan A. Oxidative stress and cancer; the role of hesperidin, a citrus natural bioflavonoid, as a cancer chemoprotective agent. Nutr Cancer 2015; 68:29-39. [PMID: 26381129 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1078822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the third cause of death worldwide, with complex etiology, and is defined as an uncontrolled growth of cells. A high proportion of cancer incidence and deaths are due to different environmental and genetic factors such as high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, exposure to radiation, chronic infections, and heredity also. In addition, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of different types of cancer. Hence, screening and testing of more effective compounds with minimum side effects for the prevention and treatment of cancers started a few decades ago. Regarding this, much attention has been paid to natural antioxidants as a novel prevention and treatment strategy for cancer. Flavonoids are one of the most important ingredients in vegetables and fruits, especially in the genus Citrus. Hesperidin is a flavonone glycoside, belonging to the flavonoid family, which is widely found in Citrus species and acts as a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent. In the present review, we attempt to provide an overview and summarize the scientific literature about the cancer chemoprotective effects of hesperidin with an emphasis on its relation to the protection roles against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cordyceps, as a general term, describes a group of ascomycetous fungi growing on arthropods and other related fungi. Some cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and cordyceps-derived products are currently a big industry in China. A number of medicinal and health products have been developed and extensively commercialized from natural Chinese cordyceps, its anamorphic fungus (Hirsutella sinensis), and other fungi known as Chinese cordyceps. The lack of a defined classification system for medicinal cordyceps fungi is a source of confusion in the industry and the public, and even among pharmaceutical scientists. This review summarizes the cordyceps fungi currently used in the industry in China with a special reference to clarify Chinese cordyceps and associated fungi. Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps guangdongensis and Isaria cicadae are well recognized and commercialized cordyceps fungi in China. Except the natural Chinese cordyceps and its anamorphic fungus, Paecilomyces hepiali, Mortierella hepiali, Cephalosporium sinensis and Clonostachys rosea isolated from natural Chinese cordyceps are classified as Chinese cordyceps–associated fungi. P. hepiali is a cordyceps fungus based on current phylogenetic analysis of Hypocreales, while M. hepiali is a fungus in the Zygomycetes and should only be treated as associated fungus of Chinese cordyceps. C. sinensis and C. rosea belong to the Hypocreales and their relationship to cordyceps fungi should be further studied. The exploitation of the resources of cordyceps fungi and their quality control in the industry should be major topics for future studies. Cooperation between the industry and the research community will enhance the whole cordyceps industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing100101, China
| | - Suping Guo
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Shanxi Research Institute for Medicine and Life Science, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Shenhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaian211600, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing100101, China
| |
Collapse
|