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Xiong Y, Zeng Z, Liang T, Yang P, Lu Q, Yang J, Zhang J, Fang W, Luo P, Hu Y, Zhang M, Zhou D. Unequal crossing over between CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 causes 11 β -hydroxylase deficiency in a consanguineous family. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106375. [PMID: 37572761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimeric genes have been shown to arise from unequal crossing over of the genes encoding aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) during meiosis. The activity deficiency or impaired activity of aldosterone synthase and 11β-hydroxylase resulting from these chimeric genes are important reasons for 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD). Here,two patients with pseudoprecocious puberty and hypokalemia hypertension and three carriers in a consanguineous marriage family were studied. A single CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimera consisting of the promoter and exons 1 through 5 of CYP11B2, exons 8 and 9 of CYP11B1, and a breakpoint consisting of part of exon 6 of CYP11B2 and part of exon 6, intron 6, and exon 7 of CYP11B1 were detected in the patients and carriers. At the breakpoint of the chimera, a c 0.1086 G > C ( p.Leu.362 =) synonymous mutation in exon 6 of CYP11B2, a c 0.1157 C>G(p. A386V) missense mutation in exon 7 of CYP11B1, and an intronic mutation in intron 6 were detected. The allele model of the CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimera demonstrated homozygosity and heterozygosity in the patients and the carriers, respectively. Molecular docking and enzymatic activity analyses indicated that the CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimeric protein interacted with the catalytic substrate of aldosterone synthase and had similar enzymatic activity to aldosterone synthase. Our study indicated that deletion of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 abolished the enzymatic activity of 11 β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase; however, the compensation of the enzymatic activity of aldosterone synthase by the CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimeric protein maintained normal aldosterone levels in vitro. All of the above findings explained the 11β-OHD phenotypes of the proband and patients in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China; Endocrine Metabolism Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Pingping Yang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Lu
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jingye Yang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Wen Fang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Panyu Luo
- Endocrine Metabolism Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- Endocrine Metabolism Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Endocrine Metabolism Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Ding'an Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology,Guizhou province; Key Laboratory of Eedimic and Ethnic Disease, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, PR China.
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Diurnal stability of cell-free DNA and cell-free RNA in human plasma samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16456. [PMID: 33020547 PMCID: PMC7536441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many emerging technologies are reliant on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) applications in the clinic. However, the impact of diurnal cycles or daily meals on circulating analytes are poorly understood and may be confounding factors when developing diagnostic platforms. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we obtained plasma from four healthy donors serially sampled five times during 12 h in a single day. For all samples, we measured concentrations of cfDNA and cfRNA using both bulk measurements and gene-specific digital droplet PCR. We found no significant variation attributed to blood draw number for the cfDNA or cfRNA. This indicated that natural diurnal cycles and meal consumption do not appear to significantly affect abundance of total cfDNA, total cfRNA, or our two selected cfRNA transcripts. Conversely, we observed significant variation between individual donors for cfDNA and one of the cfRNA transcripts. The results of this work suggest that it will be important to consider patient-specific baselines when designing reliable circulating cfDNA or cfRNA clinical assays.
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Fernández Asensio A, Iglesias T, Cotarelo A, Espina M, Blanco-González E, Sierra L, Montes-Bayón M. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction in combination with gel electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A powerful tool for the determination of gene copy number variations and gene expression changes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1023:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang T, Long J, Liu SW, Yang ZW, Zhu QJ, Zhao XL, Peng C. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for mRNA Expression by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Neolamarckia cadamba. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9311. [PMID: 29915368 PMCID: PMC6006177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba is an economically-important fast-growing tree species in South China and Southeast Asia. As a prerequisite first step for future gene expression studies, we have identified and characterized a series of stable reference genes that can be used as controls for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis in this study. The expression stability of 15 candidate reference genes in various tissues and mature leaves under different conditions was evaluated using four different algorithms, i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Our results showed that SAMDC was the most stable of the selected reference genes across the set of all samples, mature leaves at different photosynthetic cycles and under drought stress, whereas RPL10A had the most stable expression in various tissues. PGK and RPS25 were considered the most suitable reference for mature leaves at different developmental stages and under cold treatment, respectively. Additionally, the gene expression profiles of sucrose transporter 4 (NcSUT4), and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NcNCED3) were used to confirm the validity of candidate reference genes. Collectively, our study is the first report to validate the optimal reference genes for normalization under various conditions in N. cadamba and will benefit the future discovery of gene function in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianmei Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Si-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Tsiotra PC, Halvatsiotis P, Patsouras K, Maratou E, Salamalekis G, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis G, Boutati E. Circulating adipokines and mRNA expression in adipose tissue and the placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Peptides 2018; 101:157-166. [PMID: 29337272 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal adipose tissue and the placenta secrete various molecules commonly called adipokines such as chemerin, omentin-1, visfatin, adiponectin, and leptin that are important players in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a state of glucose intolerance characterized by β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. To examine whether circulating adipokines and their mRNA expression in the adipose tissue and the placenta are altered in GDM pregnancy, we compared 15 GDM women [obese (BMI > 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30)] to 23 NGT (normal glucose tolerance) women [obese and non-obese], at the time of the Cesarean section. Circulating chemerin and leptin were higher (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively) and circulating omentin-1, visfatin, as well as the adiponectin/leptin ratio were lower (p = 0.039, p = 0.007 and p = 0.011, respectively) in GDM-obese compared to NGT-non-obese women. Chemerin and leptin correlated positively with BMI and HOMA-IR and omentin-1 correlated negatively with BMI. Serum TNF-α was significantly elevated in all obese compared to non-obese pregnant women and correlated positively with BMI. Adiponectin levels were reduced -although not significantly- in GDM- and NGT-obese women compared to their non-obese counterparts. Resistin, RPB4 and IL-6 levels did not differ significantly between groups. Chemerin mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was significantly higher compared to placenta in all women (6-to 24-times, p < 0.05). Chemerin-VAT mRNA expression in GDM-obese tended to be significantly higher compared to NGT-non-obese women (3-times, p = 0.005). Omentin-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in VAT compared to SAT (50- to 100-times, p < 0.01) and its expression in placenta was negligible in all women. Although, leptin was expressed significantly higher in SAT compared to VAT and the placenta in all women (5- to 46-times, p < 0.05), only its mRNA expression in VAT of obese (GDM and NGT) differed significantly when compared to NGT-non-obese women (3-times higher, p < 0.02). Visfatin mRNA expression was comparable in all tissues. In conclusion, chemerin and leptin are elevated and omentin-1 and visfatin levels are decreased in GDM women complicated by obesity. This finding together with the positive association of chemerin and leptin with markers of insulin resistance, suggests that these adipokines and more especially chemerin and leptin accompanied by their adipose tissue expression could contribute to the increased insulin resistance and low grade inflammation that characterizes GDM-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayoula C Tsiotra
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Patsouras
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - George Salamalekis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios A Raptis
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Boutati
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
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Wang X, Liu X, Liu C, Ren M, Gao S, Zhao G, Zhang T, Yang Q. Validation of reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR expression studies in human tongue carcinoma cell lines and tissue. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3951-3957. [PMID: 28521492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become a frequently used strategy in gene expression studies. The relative quantification method is an important and commonly used method for the evaluation of RT-qPCR data. The key aim of this method is to identify an applicable internal reference gene. However, there are currently no data concerning the expression of reference genes for gene analysis in human tongue carcinoma cell lines and tissues. In the present study, screening was performed using 12 common reference genes, which were selected in order to provide an experimental basis for the investigation of gene expression in human tongue carcinoma. Tca-8113 and CAL-27 cell lines and a total of 8 tongue carcinoma tissue samples were investigated. The gene expression stability and the applicability of the 12 reference gene candidates were determined using the geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software programs. The results from the three software programs were demonstrated to be variable following comparison. The recommended combinations were 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 + glucuronidase β + ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29) for the cell line + tissue group, β-2-microglobulin + RPL29 for the cell line group and peptidylprolyl isomerase A + hydroxymethylbilane synthase + RPL29 for the tissue group. These recommended internal reference genes may improve the accuracy of relative quantitation analysis of target gene expression performed by the RT-qPCR method in further gene expression research on human tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Stomatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Stomatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- Stomatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ren
- Institute of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Anesthesiology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Nephrology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Stomatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Wang X, He J, Wang W, Ren M, Gao S, Zhao G, Wang J, Yang Q. Validation of internal reference genes for relative quantitation studies of gene expression in human laryngeal cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2763. [PMID: 27957397 PMCID: PMC5149058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the expression stabilities of 12 common internal reference genes for the relative quantitation analysis of target gene expression performed by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in human laryngeal cancer. METHODS Hep-2 cells and 14 laryngeal cancer tissue samples were investigated. The expression characteristics of 12 internal reference gene candidates (18S rRNA, GAPDH, ACTB, HPRT1, RPL29, HMBS, PPIA, ALAS1, TBP, PUM1, GUSB, and B2M) were assessed by RT-qPCR. The data were analyzed by three commonly used software programs: geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. RESULTS The use of the combination of four internal reference genes was more appropriate than the use of a single internal reference gene. The optimal combination was PPIA + GUSB + RPL29 + HPRT1 for both the cell line and tissues; while the most appropriate combination was GUSB + RPL29 + HPRT1 + HMBS for the tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our recommended internal reference genes may improve the accuracy of relative quantitation analysis of target gene expression performed by the RT-qPCR method in further gene expression research on laryngeal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Central Laboratory of Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chen L, Jin Y, Wang L, Sun F, Yang X, Shi M, Zhan C, Shi Y, Wang Q. Identification of reference genes and miRNAs for qRT-PCR in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2016; 34:2. [PMID: 27889881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is important to select an appropriate reference gene and miRNA when using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze gene and miRNA expression. However, many commonly used reference genes and miRNAs are not stably expressed and therefore not suitable for normalization or quantification of qRT-PCR data. This study aims to identify appropriate reference genes and miRNAs for use in human esophageal squamous carcinoma qRT-PCR analysis. Using data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified DDX5, LAPTM4A, P4HB, RHOA, miR-28-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-186-5p as candidate reference genes and miRNAs. We used qRT-PCR to verify the expression levels of these candidates and another seven commonly used reference genes and miRNAs. A set of 50 paired human normal esophageal tissues and squamous cell carcinoma samples were used in the analysis. We then used geNorm and NormFinder to analyze the results. DDX5, LAPTM4A, RHOA, ACTB, RNU48, miR-28-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-186-5p were stably expressed, indicating they are suitable for used as references in qRT-PCR analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, expression levels of 18s rRNA, GAPDH, P4HB, 5s rRNA, U6, and RNU6B varied greatly between esophageal normal and squamous cell carcinoma samples, indicating that they are not suitable for use as references in the qRT-PCR analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Yulin Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Mengkun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
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Yang Q, Li X, Ali HAA, Yu S, Zhang Y, Wu M, Gao S, Zhao G, Du Z, Zhang G. Evaluation of suitable control genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of maternal plasma cell-free DNA. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7728-34. [PMID: 26397880 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The content stability of commonly used control genes is considered to vary significantly in different independent experimental systems, either in the expression of RNA expression or in the level of DNA content. The present study aimed to examine a panel of six common control genes, including β‑globin (HBB), telomerase (TERT), glyceraldehyde‑3‑phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), albumin (ALB), β‑actin (ACTB) and T cell receptor γ (TRG), in order to evaluate and validate the most reliable control genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in investigations for the analysis of fetal‑derived DNA and maternal‑derived DNA in maternal plasma to enable non‑invasive prenatal assessment. Plasma DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 20 pregnant femals (gestational age, 18.67 ± 0.58 weeks) using a QIAamp DNA mini kit. Electrophoresis was performed to separate the fetal‑derived DNA and the maternal‑derived DNA at the 300bp position. qPCR was then performed, followed by geNorm‑, NormFinder‑ and BestKeeper‑based analyses to evaluated the content stabilities of the six candidate control genes in the fetal‑derived DNA and maternal‑derived DNA. The subsequent analysis of the experimental data revealed that HBB was expressed in the maternal‑ and fetal‑derived DNA together and in the maternal‑derived DNA alone. In addition, GAPDH in the fetal‑derived DNA enabled efficient normalization for qPCR investigations in the maternal plasma DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Scientific Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | | | - Shan Yu
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wu
- Scientific Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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